Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2014

Daniel McCallum Keane

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2014-0260, written 9 Jun 2014. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report9 Jun 2014
Reference2014-0260
DeceasedDaniel McCallum Keane
CoronerKevin McLoughin
Coroner areaManchester (West)
CategoryCommunity health care and emergency services related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text recovered by OCR from a scanned PDF. OCR is imperfect: check anything you rely on against the source PDF. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS (1)

NOTE: This form is to be used after an inquest.

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REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:

1. Mr Jeremy Hunt, Secretary of State for Health

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CORONER

I am Kevin McLoughlin, HM Assistant Coroner , for the Coroner Area of
Manchester West

CORONER'S LEGAL POWERS

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice
Act 2009 and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations
2013.

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

On 20" January 2011 an investigation was commenced into the death of Daniel
Joseph McCallum Keane, aged 32. The investigation concluded at the end of an
Article 2 compliant inquest on 9" June 2014. The cause of death was found to
be 1a) Ketoacidosis.

A narrative conclusion was recorded, (a copy of which is attached). The key
features of the narrative were:

The following aspects of the management of Daniel's treatment and care made
more than a minimal contribution to his death:

1. A lack of leadership in the management of his case. Daniel’s complex
medical and social needs crossed boundaries between different medical
specialties, NHS Trusts, in patient and community based teams, primary
care providers and social care agencies. No-one with appropriate
authority took responsibility for the active co-ordination of the multiple
disciplines involved.

2. The absence of a clear plan to deal with the situation that existed in the
months after Daniel had self discharged from hospital, first on 9
September but again on 27 September 2010.

3. Ineffective multi-disciplinary meetings (MDTs) took place on or about 24
September and 17 November 2010. Key participants were not in
attendance at the former. At both it was unclear who was in control of
his case or responsible for the production of an action plan with assigned
tasks and a timetable stipulating by when reports on progress were

7 required. The fact that some of those attending did not receive the

minutes reflects the lack of clarity and direction at those meetings.
Without effective management, matters drifted in the 8 week period
between the last MDT and Daniel’s death on 14 January 2011.

. The absence of a clear role for the General Practitioner once Daniel had

left hospital. The GP had never seen Daniel even though he was a
patient with complex needs and had been registered with the GP’s
practice since 19 October 2009. Confusion over the GPs role led to:

(a) The prescription of citalopram on Wednesday 29 September 2010.
This occurred just after Daniel self discharged from hospital, against
medical advice. He had not been prescribed citalopram for some
months beforehand whilst in hospital, albeit that suicidal ideation had
been suspected on occasions in and after 2009. It is unclear why
citalopram was commenced on 29 September 2010, who deemed it
necessary nor what features of Daniel’s presentation at that time
justified the prescription. No action was taken to review this
prescription or follow up his condition subsequently.

(b) the GP not being invited to either MDT meetings, nor furnished with
a copy of the minutes of the MDT on 17 November 2010.

(c) the GP being telephoned on 8 November 2010 by a clinician who
voiced her concerns over Daniel’s wellbeing, and asked for an urgent
referral to the district nurses. The GP indicated that he could not
refer to district nurses. No action was taken by the GP in response
to this alert.

4 | CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH

On 1th January 2011, Daniel Keane was found dead at his home. The post
mortem revealed the cause of death to be Ketoacidosis.

Daniel Keane was a Type I diabetic with frontal lobe brain damage sustained
following a diabetic coma in November 2009. His memory and executive
functioning were impaired.

Daniel Keane has been treated in a variety of hospitals and other institutions

during 2010. He had undergone neuro-rehabilitation but had failed to engage
with the programme. He had been compulsorily detained under the Mental
Health Act in February 2010 and had been subject to a Deprivation of Liberty
Order for 7 days in August 2010. On occasions he refused insulin and food.

On 9" September 2010 he self discharged from hospital and returned to live on
his own without effective support (save from his family). Within 5 days he had
to be admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of Salford Royal Hospital after being
found in an unresponsive condition at his home. He was not reliable in the
management of his diabetic regime.

On 27" September 2010 he again self discharged. At this point the clinicians
involved in his care did not consider he had capacity to make decisions

tN

concerning the management of his insulin therapy or diet (within the meaning
of the Mental Capacity Act 2005).

At Multi-Disciplinary Meetings (MDT‘s) on 24 September 2010 and 17”
November 2010 it was agreed he needed a support package to supervise his
adherence to the essential insulin therapy.

Daniel Keane refused help from the district nurses who attended his home after
he left hospital. He failed to attend a diabetic clinic appointment on 5”
November 2010.

In the 3/2 months between his self-discharge from hospital and his death, he
was left without active support, except for that provided by his family.

Daniel Keane had registered with a GP, a: 19" October 2009, but
had never been seen by his GP.

On 29" September 2010 his GP prescribed citalopram even though he had not
been on this medication whilst in hospital for some months. It is not clear why
citalopram was indicated or who judged it was appropriate to do so, as he was
not seen by his GP (a sole practitioner).

CORONER'S CONCERNS

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to
concern. In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action
is taken. In the circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you.

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows:

Ba cs called to give evidence at the Inquest. He accepted in the course
of his evidence that his record keeping was inadequate. He could not say from
either his records or his recollection who had arranged for diabetic medication
or citalopram to be prescribed or 29'" September 2010.

P| had no recollection or contemporaneous record of a telephone
conversation with a neuropsychologist called [EEE on 8° November
2010 in which she said she alerted [IM to Daniel Keane’s situation, which
she described to him and indicated it was very worrying. EE asked
him to make an urgent referral to the district nurses as she was concerned he
was not reliable in managing his insulin himself. [J said he could not
refer to the district nurses. Despite having been put on alert in this telephone
conversation [EM took no action.

At this time EE was in possession of various reports including a Multi-
Disciplinary Team Discharge Summary dated 24 September 2010 that
concluded Daniel Keane was at extreme risk to himself and was not a safe
option to live by himself without supervision.

The action I consider should be taken includes:

1. A review of record keeping practices within ME practice.

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

COPIES and PUBLICATION

[> | Dated

2. An investigation of the circumstances in which citalopram was prescribed
on 29" September 2010 to establish who deemed this medication
necessary, what features of his presentation justified this medication and
the follow up action envisaged.

3. An investigation yet lack of response to the telephone
conversation with _ on 8" November 2010.

4. Consideration of the role of GP’s generally in relation to the management
of Type 1 diabetic patients in the community.

In my opinion urgent action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I
believe your department have the power to take such action.

YOUR RESPONSE

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this
report, namely by Wednesday 30" July 2014. I, the coroner, may extend the
period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken,
setting out the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action
is proposed.

T have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following
Interested Persons:

1. The family of Mr Daniel Joseph McCallum Keane

2. Salford City Council. For the attention of [iy
3. Salford _ NHS Foundation Trust. For the attention of iE

4. Greater Manchester West Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust

5. EE RacliffeleBrasseur foi

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or
summary form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he
believes may find it useful or of interest. You may make representations to me,
the coroner, at the time of your response, about the release or the publication
of your response by the Chief Coroner.

9" June 2014

Signed ; ee l
Ofr —
Kevin McDoughlin

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Department of Health (PDF)
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From the Rt Hon the Earl Howe P.C.
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Quality (Lords)

22g

Department
of Health

. Richmond House
Mtr K McLoughlin 79 Whitehall
Assistant Coroner London
Coroner’s Office ; SWIA2NS
First Floor, Paderborn House Tel: 020 7210 4850
Howell Croft North
Bolton BLI 1QY 03 JUL 2014

“em Me, Me berrelin .

Thank you for your letter following the inquest into the death of Daniel
Keane. In your report you conclude that the cause of death was

and wish to extend my sincere : sympathies to his family.

You are concerned that several aspects of the management of Daniel’s
treatment and care made more than a minimal contribution to his death.
These included:

. Lack of leadership in the management of Daniel’s case;

. The absence of a clear plan to help Daniel after he twice self-
discharged from hospital;

. Ineffective multi-disciplinary team (MDT) meetings with no-one

taking overall control or being responsible for producing an action
plan. There was a lack of clarity and direction at the meetings;

. Absence of a clear role for the GP once Daniel had left hospital;

. The GP prescribing Citalopram even though Daniel had not been
prescribed this for some months beforehand whilst in hospital. The
GP took no action to review this prescription or follow up on
Daniel’s condition subsequently;

. The GP not being invited to MDT meetings or provided with copies
of any minutes;

. The GP not taking any action in response to an alert about Daniel’s
situation and well-being from a clinical neuropsychologist;

° Inadequate record keeping by the GP — he could find no records of
who had arranged for Citalopram to be prescribed, or of the
telephone conversation with the neuropsychologist.

You consider that the following actions should be taken:

. A review of record keeping at ps practice
. An investigation of the circumstances in which Citalopram was

prescribed and the follow up action envisaged

. An investigation into lack of response to the telephone
conversation with the neuropsychologist, EE

. Consideration of the role of GPs generally in relation to the
management of Type 1 diabetic patients in the community.

I consider that the first three concerns, relating to lJ should be
raised with the General Medical Council (GMC) and the Care Quality
Commission (CQC). To this end, my officials contacted your office on 12
June to advise that these actions would be most appropriately addressed by
the GMC and CQC. We suggested that you write to both these
organisations for their separate responses to these issues. These
organisations have the power to take action where warranted.

You also note that there was an absence of a clear plan across primary,
secondary and community care, and absence of a clear role for the GP, to
help manage the situation in the months following Daniel’s self-discharge
from hospital. I recognise that there is sometimes potential for transfers of
care to fail. This concern is currently being addressed by the patient safety
expert group (primary care) at NHS England. This group is undertaking
work on safer discharge from hospital.

With regard to your fourth point, that consideration be given to the role of
GPs in managing Type 1 diabetic patients in the community, you will be
aware that this is a complex issue. GPs play an important role in the
management of many long-term health conditions in the community. NHS
England, the organisation responsible for commissioning primary care
services, is currently considering the long-term implications of developing
this role.

Thope that this response is helpful and I am grateful to you for bringing the
circumstances of Daniel Keane’s death to my attention.

EARL HOWE

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