Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2014

Prevention of Future Deaths report 2014-0355

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2014-0355, written 1 Aug 2014. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report1 Aug 2014
Reference2014-0355
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published4

The report

Text recovered by OCR from a scanned PDF. OCR is imperfect: check anything you rely on against the source PDF. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS (1)

NOTE: This form is to be used after an inquest.

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS
THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:

41. Public Enquiries Unit
Department of Health
Richmond House
79 Whitehall
London
SW1A 2NS

2. The British Thoracic Society
17 Doughty Street
London
WC1N 2PL

3. The Royal College of Anaesthetists
Churchill House
35 Red Lion Square
London
WC1R 4SG

4. College of Emergency Medicine
7-9 Bream’s Building
London
EC4A 1DT

CORONER

| [am M. E. Voisin, Senior Coroner, for the Area of Avon

CORONER'S LEGAL POWERS

| make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013,

wl

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

On 24th April 2014 | commenced an investigation into the death of Gerald Trevor
WERRETT, aged 67. The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on 25th July
2014. The conclusion of the inquest was that Mr Werrett died due to:

la Bilateral bronchopneumonia
Ib Chronic obstructive airways disease
I Ischaemic heart disease

His death was contributed to by a misplaced chest drain and the conclusion given was
natural causes contributed to by neglect.

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH

Mr. Werrett was admitted to hospital on 28" February 2014 with infective exacerbation
of his chronic obstructive airways disease together with a number of co-morbidities.

During his admission he required a number of chest drains to be inserted to treat his
condition.

On 31% March 2014 he required a further drain to be inserted and two chest x-rays were
taken, It was clear from the evidence and indeed not disputed that the chest x-rays were
inverted and mislabelled which resulted in the registrar misinterpreting the one x-ray that
she looked at (she did not look at both), this resulted in a chest drain being put in the left
side when in fact the pneumothorax was on the right. Mr. Werrett subsequently required
achest drain to be inserted on the right as well.

Mr. Werrett’s treating consultant gave evidence and said that the chest drain was
wrongly inserted, having two chest drains caused pain and made him less mobile with
cough difficulties, the staff clearly tried desperately to rectify the situation but that the
second unnecessary drain had an impact and a contributory factor to his death.

The incident on 31 March 2014 resulted in a never event and the Trust have now rolled
out a safety check list to be completed prior to the insertion of a chest drain together with
guidelines for the insertion of chest drains.

CORONER’S CONCERNS

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In
my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you.

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows. -

Chest drains are inserted by a number of medical disciplines and clearly this event has
shown that basic failures can have catastrophic consequences, the areas identified
during the inquest included:

A lead anatomical marker was not used when taking the chest x-ray

Both chest x-rays were incorrectly labelled, and this error was not identied by
the clinician

The chest x-ray that was looked at was misinterpreted

Both chest x-rays were not considered.

The cardiac silhouette was not interpreted correctly

Mr. Werrett was not examined prior to the insertion of the chest drain.

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North Bristol NHS Trust have clearly learnt a valuable lesson following this incident and
have devised a safety check list and guideline which could be of assistance to the wider
medical community. North Bristol NHS Trust have indicated that they would be willing to
share the check list and guideline which if implemented could avoid a similar event

happening again.

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

in my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and | believe you
[AND/OR your organisation] have the power to take such action.

YOUR RESPONSE

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report,
namely by Monday 29" September 2014. I, the Coroner, may extend the period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out
the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed.

COPIES and PUBLICATION

| have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested
Persons — the Family of Mr. Werrett and North Bristol NHS Trust.

1am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful
or of interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your
response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner.

+" August 2014 ME. ee

Responses

4 responses published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from British Thoracic Society (PDF)
ee
British Thoracic Society

17 Doughty Street, London WC1N 2PL

T: +44 (0} 20 7831 8778 F: +44 (0) 20 7831 8766
bts@brit-thoracic.org.uk

www.brit-thoracic.org.uk

Registered as a charity in England and Wales No, 285174
Scottish Charity No. SC041209

Company Registration No, 1645201

Mrs M E Voisin

Her Majesty’s Senior Coroner

Area of Avon

The Coroner’s Court

The Courthouse

Old Weston Road

Flax Bourton

BRISTOL BS48 1UL 3 September 2014

Dear Mrs Voison
Gerald Trevor WERRETT

Thank you for asking the British Thoracic Society to provide a report following the inquest on the
above individual.

tam a Consultant Physician and work at the University Hospital of North Staffordshire. | am replying
on the basis that | am the Honorary Secretary of the British Thoracic Society and a Consultant
Respiratory Physician for over 20 years. | note that the invitation for comment has been produced
on a regulation 28 - to prevent future deaths.

The inquest report | have seen states that the chest drain was wrongly inserted and this apparently
contributed to the patient's death. While clearly having minimal details on which to comment, | note
that the Trust has developed a safety check fist which they are willing to share with other parties.

Regrettably, harm from chest drains is well recognised. The National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA)
produced a Rapid Response Report and supporting information in May 2008. The latter give
background information and refers very clearly to the Guideline which was developed by the British
Thoracic Society in 2003. The Rapid Response report states clearly questions that the team should
ask about before placement of chest drains.

In 2010 the British Thoracic Society published an 82 page update on management of pleural disease
which includes safe insertion of chest drains (Thorax 2010 (August) Vol. 65, supplement 2). This
publication is freely available in most medical tibraries and, more importantly, is available on the
British Thoracic Society website which is open to all individuals. It is one of the most frequently
visited sections of the Society’s website.

Recognising the problems that can occur with the placement of chest drains, in part mandated by
the NPSA, many hospitals have already produced their own local guidelines, based upon those of the

British Thoracic Society. | am unsure if such focal guidelines were available at the Trust where the
event occurred and how well they were followed.

The British Thoracic Society thanks you for the interest in our guidelines and notes that these are
more comprehensive and recent than information available from the NPSA.

With kind regards

Yours sigcerely

PC
Consultant Physician
Honorary Secre’

ritish Thoracic Society
Response from Department of Health (PDF)
iol

From Rt Hon Norman Lamb MP
Aor : Minister of State for Care and Support
AES

Department Department of Health
of Health Richmond House
79 Whitehall

London SW1A 2NS

Mrs M Voisin

HM Senior Coroner for Avon

The Coroner's Court

The Courthouse

Old Weston Road

Flax Bourton 29 SEP 2014

BS48 1UL

Thank you for your letter to Jeremy Hunt about the death of Mr Werrett. | am
saddened to hear of Mr Werrett’s death, and offer my sincere condolences to his
family.

Your report details the events prior to Mr Werrett’s death which included x-rays
which were inverted and mislabelled, resulting in the drain being inserted on the
wrong side of Mr Werrett’s body. This resulted in an additional drain, which was
found to have been a contributory factor in his death.

You listed a number of concerns about the insertion of these chest drains and the
mistakes made in Mr Werret’s care. These have, | understand, been addressed by
North Bristol NHS Trust.

However, | have noted your suggestion that the safety check list and guideline that
the Trust has implemented since Mr Werrett’s death might usefully be shared with
other organisations in the NHS to prevent future deaths.

The risks of inserting a chest drain on the wrong side are already to known to the
NHS through patient safety incident reports received through the National Reporting
and Learning System (NRLS).

The NRLS is a database of patient safety incident reports submitted voluntarily by
organisations across the NHS. Trusts regularly upload incident reports from their
local systems to the NRLS specifically for purposes of learning. Data is interrogated
by national patient safety experts to spot trends, specific incidents of concern, or
emerging risks to patient safety.

The WHO Surgical Safety Checklist was designed as a tool to improve the safety of
surgery by reducing deaths and complications. The checklist specifically addresses

:

Department
of Health

issues relating to wrong site surgery which includes the insertion of drains, An NPSA

Alert issued in 2009 recommended that the checklist should be adapted for local
use. The alert can be found at
http://www.nris.npsa.nhs.uk/resources/?entryid45=59860.

NHS England (NHSE) has recently established a Reference Group to take forward
the recommendation made by the Surgical Never Events Taskforce in February
2014. This Taskforce was commissioned to examine and clarify the reasons for the
persistence of these patient safety incidents, and to produce a report making
recommendations on how they can be eradicated
http:/Awww.england.nhs.uk/ourwork/patientsafety/never-events/surgical/.

One of the key recommendations in this report is to develop National Standards for
Operating Department Practice that will support all providers of NHS-funded care to
develop and maintain their own more detailed standardised local procedures. The
scope of the standards will cover all surgical procedures and not just those being
undertaken in the operating theatre environment. Current timescale for the
development of the standards is early 2015.

Once the standards have been developed the next phase of this work will be to
address how the standards should be implemented and this will include
requirements for educators, commissioners and regulators.

If North Bristol Healthcare NHS Trust would share the checklist it has developed with
NHS England there may be opportunity to include it as a resource for other Trusts to

use or adapt when the standards are implemented.

| hope that this information is helpful and | thank you for bringing the circumstances
of Mr Werrett’s death to our attention.

NORMAN LAMB =~ ned
—
Response from The College of Emergency Medicine (PDF)
The College of Emergency Medicine

Patron: HRH The Princess Royal

7-9 Breams Buildings Tel +44 (0}207 404 1999
London Fax +44 (0}207 067 1267
EC4A 1DT www.collemergencymed.ac.uk

Mrs ME Voisin

HM Senior Coroner
The Coroner’s Court
The Courthouse

Old Western Road
Flax Bourton

Bristol

BS48 1UL

16th September 2014

Dear Mrs Voisin,

Regulation 28 Report — Gerald Trevor Werrett

Thank you for alerting us to the case of Mr Werrett in your report received on 5"" August.
The College shares your concerns, and will take the following actions:

¢ Highlight this case and the findings of the investigation in the next Safety Newsflash to its

members.
e Share North Bristol NHS Trust’s safety check list and guidelines on our website once received.

Following this incident, the key things we feel that should be reviewed locally are whether the environment
supports the review of X-rays (e.g. availability of IT in the room where the procedure was carried out), if
the doctor was trained in the use of ultrasound guidance for insertion of chest drains and whether
ultrasound was available, in addition to the availability of rapid 24 hour reporting.

The College is dedicated to reducing the risk of ‘never events’ and promoting safety in the workplace,
through guidance and regular safety news updates.

Thanks again for bringing our attention to this issue.

With kind regards

Chair, Quality in Emergency Care Committee

Excellence in Emergency Care

incorporated by Royal Charter, 2008 ¢ Registered Charity number 1122689
Response from The Royal College of Anaesthetists (PDF)
Churchill House

ey g The Royal College of Anaesthetists a5 ed ion Square

Educating, Training and Setting Standards in Anaesthesia, London WC1R 4SG
Critical Care and Pain Medicine tel:020 7092 1500
fax: 020 7092 1730
Chief Executive email: info@rcoa.ac.uk
Kevin Storey web; www.rcoa.ac.uk
Mrs ME Voisin

Her Majesty’s Senior Coroner for the Area of Avon
The Coroner’s Court
The Courthouse
Old Weston Road
Flax Bourton
BS48 1UL
29" August 2014

Ref: Gerald Trevor WERRETT

Dear Mrs Voisin,

Further to my letter of 11 August 2014, regarding the death of Mr G T Werrett and the Regulation
28 Report; I have now investigated training and education aspects of chest drain insertion for
anaesthetists. Please note the following information together with a summary of appropriate actions
taken or planned.

Training and trainees — chest drain insertion is covered at several stages of the anaesthesia training
curriculum. Initial insertion techniques are assessed at the basic level of training and management
responsibilities for the procedure then progress through training, and across increasingly complex
environments. Subsequent training and work-place based assessment advances to the longer term
management of patients with chest drains and dealing with emergency patients and trauma situations.
These areas of training are under annual review by our Training Committee and we will ensure
particular attention is attached to correct site location at the next review.

Further to general anaesthesia requirements for training in chest drain insertion, additional training
and assessment takes place in several sub-specialty areas e.g. paediatrics, obstetrics and intensive
care. This may take place in the advanced or higher levels of training and/or subsequent to gaining
entry to the Specialist Register of the GMC and progressing into sub-specialty interest areas.

Career grade education — for anaesthetists who are entered on the specialist register, or for those who
opt-out of advanced training at the Specialty Doctor level, there is an ongoing need to maintain
competence in all areas of clinical practice. This is a requirement of revalidation and necessary to
maintain a licence to practice with the General Medical Council. This competence may be achieved
by sub-specialty development, engagement on courses such as Advanced Life Support (ALS) or
workplace experience coupled with attendance at events and conferences which are quality assessed
and recognised for Continuous Professional Development (CPD) points by the College.

Several past professional CPD events have been identified where the use of chest drains, particularly
with the inclusion of chest ultrasound, has been covered. We can find no similar planned events in

The RCoA: Advancing Patient Care and Promoting Safety

Patron: HRH The Princess Royal
REGISTERED CHARITY NO: 1013887 VAT REGISTRATION NO:GB 927 2364 18 REGISTERED CHARITY IN SCOTLAND NO:SC037737

our calendar for the immediate future; however, when this occurs we will highlight the need to
emphasise further safe practice at insertion. In addition, we have also identified this is a frequent
topic for events managed by colleagues at the Intensive Care Society and have highlighted to them a
need to stress safe practice and double checking the correct site before insertion. Actions to
highlight the issue to other providers of events earning anaesthesia CPD credit will be progressed
through our safety network as below.

General aspects - The College was alerted to a specific chest drain insertion problem earlier this year
which led to notification to our safety network in March 2014. The initial notification and
subsequent alert were completely anonymised; however, from the detail you have provided we now
believe this was the same incident you now highlight and our ongoing work with colleagues will
focus on lessons to be learned and shared from this situation.

You would wish to be aware of an alert issued by the National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA) in
May 2008 regarding chest drains (http://www.nrls.npsa.nhs.uk/resources/?EntryId45=59887 ) and
this is still a key point of reference for anaesthetists and others in their safe use. Despite the closure
of the NPSA we believe the responsibility for these alerts continues through the safety department
within NHS England and we have advised them of this death, with anonymised detail, and requested
they review the alert and consider its re-issue.

L have reminded each of the directors in the College, with responsibility for training and education,
about the need to continue to stress the importance of correct chest drain insertion techniques at all
stages of professional development and beyond this into continuing practice. As stated in my
previous letter, I have also issued an alert to our network of senior anaesthetists, risk managers and
clinical directors (approximately 800 healthcare staff across the UK) about the need to check local
policy and procedures to ensure ongoing vigilance where chest drains are to be used. Finally,
through our Safe Anaesthesia Liaison Group we will now ask for reports related to chest drain
insertion incidents to be forwarded to us as soon as they occur so we may monitor any incidence of
problems more closely and take remedial action where necessary.

I hope this provides reassurance of the gravity we attach to this incident and the steps we are taking
to learn from it to avoid recurrence.

Yours sincerely,

Deputy Chief Execufye and Director of Clinical Quality

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