Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2014

Isa Mushtaq

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2014-0423, written 24 Sep 2014. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report24 Sep 2014
Reference2014-0423
DeceasedIsa Mushtaq
CoronerSara Lewis
Coroner areaManchester City
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses publishednone published

The report

Text recovered by OCR from a scanned PDF. OCR is imperfect: check anything you rely on against the source PDF. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS.

7

CORONER

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:

1. _Mr Jeremy Hunt, Secretary of State for Health, Department of Health.
2. Ln Chair, National Institute for Health and Care
Excellence

3. Vice President of Clinical Quality, Royal College
of Gynaecologists and Obstetricians

lam Miss Sara Lewis, Assistant Coroner, for the coroner area of City of Manchester.

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS

| make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013.

INQUEST

On 5 June 2013 an inquest was opened into the death of Isa Riaz Mushtaq aged 3 days
old and who died on 29 May 2013. The inquest concluded on 1 September 2014. The
medical cause of death was:

ta. Hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy, myocardial ischaemia

The death of isa Riaz Mushtaq was due to Natural Causes.

The mother of the deceased became pregnant in August 2012. Her estimated date of
delivery was 18 June 2013. On 29 May 2013 at 13:25 hours the mother of the deceased
attended the ante natal unit at 37 weeks and 1 day gestation with a history of reduced
fetal movement over the previous two days. A cardiotocograph (CTG) was commenced.
She was reviewed by a registrar at approximately 1510 hours and reported that she had
felt no fetal movement during the CTG. The CTG was classed as suspicious with
reduced variability. The mother was advised to eat and drink as this may stimulate fetal
movement, with a plan to review the CTG after 30 minutes. At 15:40 it was noted by the
midwife that the variability was still reduced and the registrar was asked to review. The
registrar attended at 15:50 hours when it was noted that the variability was still reduced
and the plan was to give intravenous fluids and transfer her to the labour ward. At 16:00
there was a fetal bradycardia. The emergency buzzer was pulled. The fetal heart was 70
beats per minute. At 16:03 hours, two consultants arrived. It was noted that the CTG
demonstrated reduced variability for over 50 minutes and a prolonged deceleration. A
decision was made for a grade 1 caesarean section. At 16:15 a midwife noted that she
was unable to auscultate the fetal heart. Isa Riaz Mushtaq was delivered at 16:18 hours.
There was no heart rate for 7 minutes but then resuscitation succeeded. It became
evident that Isa Mushtaq had not recovered from the bradycardia — asystole episode
and demonstrated severe hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy. He died on the third

neonatal day.
An internal investigation of the incident noted that clinicians were to some extent relyin

on NICE guidelines as to how to categorise CTG during labour. There is no equivalent
NICE guidance in relation to antenatal CTG interpretation and therefore there is no
rigorous system for antenatal monitoring of fetal heart trace. This is a national issue
rather than a local one.

CORONER’S CONCERNS

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In
my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you.

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows. —

In clinical practice the fetal CTG continues to be a source of problems, both in
interpretation and in what degree of action should be taken. This is particularly the case
for antenatal (non labour) CTG’s since there has not been the same clarification that
was provided for electronic intrapartum fetal monitoring by specific NICE guidance.
Currently there is no detailed national guidance on antepartum CTG assessment and
therefore no guidance as to the circumstances in which CTG changes or abnormalities
require urgent delivery. For example, the following problems with antenatal CTG
interpretation may arise:-
(i) Should change of position or intravenous fluids be used in the same way as in
labour
(ii) What role can be given to iced water drinks or dietary intake to stimulate fetal
changes
(iii) At what stage should intervention should be made and with what urgency in the
absence of decelerations.
(iv) What significance should be attached to reduced variability and what action
should be taken in the absence of decelerations
(v) What significance should be attached to the absence of accelerations where
there is reduced variability.

Reliance on the NICE guidance for intrapartum CTG monitoring to interpret antenatal
CTG features is of limited value because:
(i) It is not intended for such use and therefore such practice is arguably not
evidence based
(ii) It is much more common for fetal heart traces not to look normal during labour
(in the region 20 -30 % outwith normal parameters) therefore the
significance of such abnormal traces may not be the same in labour as
compared to when identified antenatally.
(iii) Only a very small percentage of antenatal CTG’s are not normal.
(iv) There is no recourse to fetal blood sampling for an antenatal CTG, so that if
suspicions persist about lack of fetal well-being there is no way of assessing
fetal acid-base balance.

St Mary’s Hospital has now developed its own local guidance for the management of
suspected abnormal antenatal CTG in order to mitigate risk. In the absence of uniform,
detailed national guidance on antepartum CTG abnormalities St Mary's hospital has
implemented a procedure of early consultant involvement where there are persisting
features of unusual CTG.

There should be a review to consider whether national guidance on antepartum CTG
monitoring and interpretation where there are abnormalities or unusual features would
lead to safer, evidence based management of such cases.

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and | believe you and your
organisation have the power to take such action.

YOUR RESPONSE

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report. |,
the coroner, may extend the period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out
the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed.

8 | COPIES and PUBLICATION

| have s j and to the following Interested
Persons and also to the LOCAL
SAFEGUARDING BOARD. I have also sent it t Consultant Obstetrician, St

Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester Foundation NHS Trust who may find it useful or of
interest.

lam also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful
or of interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your
response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner.

DATE — SIGNED BY COR6I
2.1K | \

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