Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2015

Hireiti Kuflesion

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2015-0414, written 23 Oct 2015. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report23 Oct 2015
Reference2015-0414
DeceasedHireiti Kuflesion
CoronerEmma Brown
Coroner areaBirmingham and Solihull
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Organisation namedHeart of England NHS Foundation Trust · University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses publishednone published

The report

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REGULATION 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS (1)

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS
THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:

1. University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust (‘UHB’)

2. Birmingham Women’s NHS Foundation Trust (‘BWH’)

4 | CORONER

| am Emma Brown, area coroner, for the coroner area of Birmingham and Solihull.

2 | CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS

| make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013.

3 | INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

On 25" February 2015 | commenced an investigation into the death of Hireiti Kufletsion.
The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on 13" October 2015. The medical
cause of death was Multi Organ Failure due to Acute Thrombosis of mechanical mitral
valve in the first trimester of pregnancy due to emergency cardiac surgery for acute
decompensation due to rheumatic mitral valve disease after previous pregnancy. The
conclusion of the Inquest was that death was a result of complications from the
presence of a mechanical mitral valve during pregnancy that was compounded by a
series of failures in medical care

4 | CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH

The deceased passed away at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham on the 20th
November 2014 as a result of thrombosis of a mechanical mitral valve. The deceased
had undergone surgery for the placement of a mechanical mitral valve at the Queen
Elizabeth Hospital in January 2012 for rheumatic valve stenosis. She was therefore on
warfarin therapy and had been advised to avoid pregnancy. The deceased had found
she was pregnant in October 2014 and following detailed consideration and advice at

the joint Cardiac/Obstetric Clinic run by [EEE Consultant Cardiologist, andl
ere Consultant Obstetrician, at the Birmingham Women’s Hospital on the 11"

November 2014 had decided to proceed to termination of her pregnancy at 8 weeks
gestation, the timing of the termination being deliberately planned to minimise
complications. However, following admission to the Birmingham Heartlands Hospital on
the 12th November 2014 in respiratory distress there were failures on the part of the
cardiology team to adequately investigate complications of the mechanical valve,
namely:

(a) an urgent trans thoracic echocardiogram was not performed on the 13th
November 2014;

(b) when trans thoracic echocardiogram was performed on the 14th November
2014 it did not adequately view the mitral valve and could not be safely
interpreted as excluding a problem with the valve;

(c) the trans thoracic echocardiogram was misleading reported verbally and in
writing as showing right heart failure secondary to a respiratory condition,

(d) a consultant review and/or advice from Cardiologists at the University Hospital
of Birmingham were not sought.

It is likely that with full investigation of mitral valve function the diagnosis of thrombosis
would have been made on the 13th or 14th November 2014.

When the diagnosis was made on the 17th November 2014 the deceased was too ill for
surgery. With diagnosis earlier it is likely that the deceased would have been transferred
to the Queen Elizabeth Hospital and surgery could have been undertaken and death
would have been avoided.

Failures of clinicians at the Birmingham Heartlands Hospital to prescribed adequate
doses of clexane between the 28th and 11th November and the 12th and 14th
November 2014 contributed to the development of the fatal thrombosis.

CORONER’S CONCERNS

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In
my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you.

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows. —

(1) In giving evidence stated that from time to time she does see at her
Obstetric/Cardiac clinic pregnant patients with mechanical valves who have had
their warfarin changed to celxane at other hospitals in the region on too low a dose
of clexane and that review of their anti-factor Xa may not have been arranged to
occur with adequate frequency. Therefore pregnant women with mechanical valves
maybe at risk from being prescribed insufficient doses of clexane with insufficient
review of their anti-factor Xa.

It was apparent from evidence given by clinicians at the Birmingham Heartlands
Hospital that they did not understand the extent and gravity of the increased risk of
thrombosis to pregnant women with mechanical valves and this affected the course
of investigations into the deceased’s condition ultimately resulting in a delay in
diagnosis until it was too late. Whilst this issue has now been brought to the full
attention of all departments within the Birmingham Heartlands Hospital that are at
real risk of having a pregnant patient with a mechanical heart valve presenting to
them it is reasonable to assume that clinicians without specialist cardio-obstetric
knowledge across the region do not appreciate the implications of a mechanical
heart valve in for a pregnant patient.

S

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and | believe you
[AND/OR your organisation] have the power to take such action. A review is required of
the current local guidelines, recommendations and procedures for the provision of
advice from, and where necessary referral to, the joint Cardiac-Obstetric Clinic operated
by UHB and BWH.

YOUR RESPONSE

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report,
namely by the 18 December 2015. I, the coroner, may extend the period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out
the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed.

COPIES and PUBLICATION

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested
Persons EEN the deceased’s husband and the Heart of England
NHS Foundation Trust.

lam also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful
or of interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your
response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner.

Date: 23 October 2015 Signature:

REGULATION 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS (1)

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:
1. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
2. Royal College of Physicians
3. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists

4. British Cardiovascular Society

CORONER

| am Emma Brown, area coroner, for the coroner area of Birmingham and Solihull.

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS

| make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013.

—

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

On 25" February 2015 | commenced an investigation into the death of Hireiti Kufletsion.
The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on 13" October 2015. The medical
cause of death was multi organ failure due to acute thrombosis of mechanical mitral
valve in the first trimester of pregnancy due to emergency cardiac surgery for acute
decompensation due to rheumatic mitral valve disease after previous pregnancy. The
conclusion of the Inquest was that death was a result of complications from the
presence of a mechanical mitral valve during pregnancy that was compounded by a
series of failures in medical care

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH

The deceased passed away at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham on the 20th
November 2014 as a result of thrombosis of a mechanical mitral valve. The deceased
had undergone surgery for the placement of a mechanical mitral valve at the Queen
Elizabeth Hospital in January 2012 for rheumatic valve stenosis. She was therefore on
warfarin therapy and had been advised to avoid pregnancy. The deceased had found
she was pregnant in October 2014 and following detailed consideration and advice at
the joint Cardiac/Obstetric Clinic run a Consultant Cardiologist, and Ill
a Consultant Obstetrician, at the Birmingham Women's Hospital on the i"
November 2014 had decided to proceed to termination of her pregnancy at 8 weeks
gestation. The timing of the termination being deliberately planned to minimise
complications. However, following admission to the Birmingham Heartlands Hospital on
the 12th November 2014 in respiratory distress there were failures on the part of the
cardiology team to adequately investigate complications of the mechanical valve,
namely:
(a) an urgent trans thoracic echocardiogram was not performed on the 13th
November 2014;
(b) when trans thoracic echocardiogram was performed on the 14th November
2014 it did not adequately view the mitral valve and could not be safely

interpreted as excluding a problem with the valve;
(c) the trans thoracic echocardiogram was misleading reported verbally and in
writing as showing right heart failure secondary to a respiratory condition,
(d) a consultant review and/or advice from Cardiologists at the Queen Elizabeth
Hospital were not sought.

It is likely that with full investigation of mitral valve function the diagnosis of thrombosis
would have been made on the 13th or 14th November 2014.

When the diagnosis was made on the 17th November 2014 the deceased was too ill for
surgery. With diagnosis earlier it is likely that the deceased would have been transferred
to the Queen Elizabeth Hospital and surgery could have been undertaken and death
would have been avoided.

Failures of clinicians at the Birmingham Heartlands Hospital to prescribe adequate
doses of clexane between the 28th and 11th November and the 12th and 14th
November 2014 contributed to the development of the fatal thrombosis.

CORONER’S CONCERNS

During the course of the inquest, the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern.
In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you.

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows. —

(1) In giving evidence IEEE stated that from time to time she does see at the joint
Obstetric/Cardiac clinic pregnant patients with mechanical valves who have had
their warfarin changed to clexane at other hospitals in the region on too low a dose
of clexane (i.e. not a twice daily 60mg/kg dose).Likewise she is aware that review of
anti-factor Xa may not be arranged to occur with adequate frequency (once a
week).

It was apparent from evidence given by clinicians of different specialties at the
Birmingham Heartlands Hospital that they did not understand the extent and gravity
of the increased risk of thrombosis to pregnant women with mechanical heart
valves and a twice daily dose of clexane was not being routinely prescribed.
Furthermore there was evidence that anti factor Xa would only have been reviewed
once a month but for the deceased’s death which in the opinion of| was
insufficient.

Whilst these issues has now been brought to the full attention of all relevant
departments within the Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, it is reasonable to assume that
there are haematologists, cardiologists and obstetricians without specialist cardio-
obstetric knowledge across the country that do not appreciate the implications during
pregnancies of patients with a mechanical heart valve for anticoagulation therapy but
maybe involved in the management and care of such patients.

(2

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

in my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and | believe you
[AND/OR your organisation] have the power to take such action. A review is required of
the current national guidelines for the management of anti-coagulation in pregnant
patients with mechanical heart valves.

YOUR RESPONSE

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report,
namely by the 18" December 2015. |, the coroner, may extend the period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out
the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed.

COPIES and PUBLICATION

| have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested
Persons: | the deceased's husband, the Heart of England NHS
Foundation Trust, the University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust and the Birmingham
Women’s NHS Foundation Trust.

lam also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful
or of interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your
response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner.

Date: 23 October 2015 Signature:

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