Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2016

Tommi-Ray Vigrass

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2016-0241, written 28 Jun 2016. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report28 Jun 2016
Reference2016-0241
DeceasedTommi-Ray Vigrass
CoronerZafar Siddique
Coroner areaBlack Country
CategoryChild Death (from 2015) · Hospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Organisation namedWalsall Healthcare NHS Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28:  REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS  

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

1.  Chief Executive, Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust, c/o Manor Hospital, Moat 

Road, Walsall, WS2 9PS 

2.  Parents of the late Tommi-Ray Colin Vigrass 

3.  Care Quality Commission 

1 

CORONER 

I am Zafar Siddique, Senior Coroner, for the coroner area of the Black Country. 

2 

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On 13 January 2016, I commenced an investigation into the death of the baby, Tommi-
Ray  Colin  Vigrass.  The  investigation  concluded  at  the  end  of  the  inquest  on  23  June 
2016. The conclusion of the inquest was a short narrative conclusion: 

Baby  Tommi–Ray  Colin  Vigrass  died  due  to  developing  a  Hypoxic  brain  injury  arising 
from  complications  and  difficulty  of  re-inserting  an  endotracheal  tube  contributed  to  by 
neglect. 

The cause of death was:   

1a)  Hypoxic brain injury 
1b)  Difficulty in re-inserting endotracheal tube 
1c). Pre-term 28 weeks. 

4 

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

1.  Baby,  Tommi-Ray  was  born  on  the  9  January  2016  at  28+2  weeks  gestation 
and  weighed  1.02kg.    He  had  developed  Respiratory  Distress  Syndrome  and 
required ventilator support. 

2.  The Doctor responsible for his care described that the ventilator was showing a 
persistent leak and kept alarming throughout the evening of the 9 January into 
the  morning  of  the  10  January.    He  decided  to  extubate  the  baby  and  change 
the endotracheal tube (ET) to size 3 at 3.20am on the 10 January.  The original 
tube  was  2.5mm.    The  baby  was  tried  on  BIPAP  initially  but  his  oxygen 
saturations began to drop and he required manual ventilation. 

3.  After  the  initial  attempt  at  intubation  with  a  size  3  ET  tube,  the  baby  became 
bradycardic  with  low  oxygen  saturations  and  the  tube  removed.    Cardiac 
compression was commenced.  There was no response and the baby intubated 
again.    There  was  good  chest  movement  but  the  baby’s  response  was  poor.  
The ET tube was removed again.   

1 

[IL1: PROTECT] 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4.  The on call Consultant was crash bleeped at 4am on 10 January and within 20 
minutes  he  arrived  promptly  on  the  Neonatal  Unit.    He  described  that  the  ET 
tube was in situ but the baby was pale in colour.  He checked the ET tube with a 
CO2  detector  but  it  didn’t  turn  yellow.    The  tube  was  removed  and  bagging 
commenced.   He  confirms  that  the  after  intubation  the  tube  became  dislodged 
and further intubation was required.  A size 3 ET tube was used.   

5.  The baby was eventually stabilised and blood gas showed a PH of 6.68 which is 
very  acidotic  and  when  I  asked  if  this  can  be  an  indicator  of  hypoxia  he 
confirmed  it  can  be.  The  baby  was  administered  adrenaline  and  chest 
compressions continued. 

6.  The Consultant confirmed that for premature babies weighing less than 1Kg in 
weight  it  was  usual  practice  to  use  a  2.5mm  ET  tube  and  in  theatre  the  baby 
wasn’t  initially  weighed.    The  priority  was  to  insert  the  tube  and  stabilise  the 
baby with further adjustments made in the Neonatal Unit.  It could be risky using 
a tube that was too big which could lead to complications including stenosis.  He 
also confirmed he wasn’t consulted about the premature care plan, but was told 
by  a colleague  that  a  mother had  been  admitted  to  the ward with  a  premature 
baby (however this isn’t documented). 

7.  A  tertiary  specialist  Hospital  (New  Cross  Hospital-Level  3  Unit)  was  contacted 
but  there  were  initial  difficulties  in  contacting  the  Neonatal  Consultant  despite 
multiple  attempts  through  the  switchboard.    A  transfer  to  this  tertiary  Hospital 
was eventually accepted. 

8.  The Neonatal Consultant at New Cross Hospital described that when the baby 
arrived  on  his  Unit  he  took  over  his  care  on  the  12  January  and  came  to  the 
conclusion  that  he  had  suffered  significant  brain  damage  due  to  the  hypoxic 
episode  following  his  cardiac  arrest.  Sadly,  he  died  the  following  day  on  13 
January 2016 

9.  The Root Cause analysis investigation by the Trust identified the following Root 

causes: 

. 

  Use of incorrect size (2.5mm) tube for initial intubation 

 

Individual failure in clinical decision making by Paediatric Registrar 

  Failure to inform Neonatal Consultant on call of ventilated baby admitted to NNU 

  Absence of formal handover/planning procedure to overnight consultant on 

evening round 

5 

CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In 
my  opinion  there  is  a  risk  that  future  deaths  will  occur  unless  action  is  taken.  In  the 
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows.  –  

1.  Evidence  emerged  during  the  inquest  that  the  Paediatric  Doctor  in  charge 
recognised that it was a mistake to extubate baby when he did.  His words were: 
“What should have been a straight forward ET change turned into a nightmare”.  
He also confirmed that he should have consulted the Consultant on call prior to 
making  the  decision  and  earlier  use  of  the  CO2  monitor  would  have  made  a 
difference.   

2 

[IL1: PROTECT] 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2. 

In addition, it emerged that there were problems and delays in trying to contact 
the tertiary unit via the switchboard.   

3.  There  was  also  evidence  of  an  inadequate  handover  and  preparation  for  the 
arrival  of  the  premature  baby  with  insufficient  care  plan  details  or  consultation 
taking place.   

6 

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you have the 
power to take such action.  

1.  Although some improvements have been made by the Trust through the findings 
of  the  Root  Cause  Analysis  (RCA)  investigation.    You  may  consider  that 
expediting some of the action points in the RCA including training in the use of 
the  CO2  indicator  is  made  compulsory  and  further  training  for  neonatal  staff 
where deficiencies or gaps in knowledge have been identified.  

2.  You may also wish to consider expediting the process to establish a system to 
contact  tertiary  units  within  your  area  to  minimise  any  delays  in  contacting  the 
relevant staff for advice.   

3.  You may also wish to consider a review to ensure systems and procedures are 
in  place  to  ensure  that  all  relevant  details/care  plan  are  available  for  the 
Consultant in charge when a mother delivers a pre-term baby in an emergency.  

7 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, 
namely by 23 August 2016. I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out 
the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8 

COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I  have  sent  a  copy  of  my  report  to  the  Chief  Coroner  and  to  the  following  Interested 
Persons; Parents 

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.  

The  Chief  Coroner  may  publish  either  or  both  in  a  complete  or  redacted  or  summary 
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful 
or  of  interest.  You  may  make  representations  to  me,  the  coroner,  at  the  time  of  your 
response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9 

28 June 2016                                                   

Mr Z Siddique
Senior Coroner 
Black Country Area 

3 

[IL1: PROTECT]

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust (PDF)
Walsall Healthcare

NHS Trust
Our Ref: | Patient Safety Department
Your Ref: Regulation 28 REPORT Manor Hospital
Moat Road
Date: 237 August 2016 Walsall
West Midlands
WS2 9PS
Mr Z Siddique
Black Country Coroners Court Tel: 01922 721172 ext 7481/7482/7354
Jack Judge House Email:
Halesowen Street ite: www. walsallhealthcare.nhs.uk
Oldbury Website: . I Il
West Midlands
B6O3AJ
Dear Mr Siddique

Re: Tommi-Ray Vigrass (Deceased)

Date of Birth: 09/01/2016
Date of Death: 13/01/2016
Date of Inquest: 23/06/2016

(am writing in response to your report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act
2009 and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. | fully accept the
Inquest verdict that Tommi-Ray Vigrass’s death was contributed to by neglect.

| would like to take the opportunity to assure you that a formal policy for reporting and investigating
serious incidents is embedded within the Trust and Tommi-Ray's case has been subject to this process.
We have taken this case seriously and the Root Cause Analysis has been reviewed again following the
Inquest to ensure that identified actions are being taken and completed in a timely manner. The leaming
from both the Inquest and the internal investigation will be shared with staff across the organisation.

Circumstances of Tommi-Ray’s death

1. Baby Tommi-Ray was bom on the 9 January 2016 at 28+2 weeks gestation and weighed 1.02kg.
He had developed Respiratory Distress Syndrome and required ventilator support

2. The Doctor responsible for his care described that the ventilator was showing a persistent leak
and kept alarming throughout the evening of the 9 January into the morning of the 10 January.
He decided to extubate Tommi-Ray and change the endotracheal tube (ET) to size 3 at 3.20am
on the 10 January. The original tube was 2.5mm. Tommi-Ray was tried on BIPAP initially but his
oxygen saturations began to drop and he required manual ventilation.

3. After the initial attempt at intubation with a size 3 ET tube, Tommi-Ray became bradycardic with
low oxygen saturations and the tube removed. Cardiac compression was commenced. There
was no response and he was intubated again. There was good chest movement but his response
was poor. The ET tube was removed again.

4. The oncall Consultant was crash bleeped at 4am on 40 January and within 20 minutes he arrived
promptly on the Neonatal Unit. He described that the ET tube was in situ but Tommi-Ray was
pale in colour. He checked the ET tube with a CO2 detector but it did not turn yellow. The tube
was removed and bagging commenced. He confirms that the after intubation the tube became
dislodged and further intubation was required. A size 3 ET tube was used

5. Tommi Ray was eventually stabilised and blood gas showed a PH of 6.68 which is very acidotic.
Tommi-Ray was administered adrenaline and chest compressions continued.

6. The Consultant confirmed that for premature babies weighing less than 1Kg in weight it was usual
Practice to use a 2.5mm ET tube and in theatre Tommi-Ray was not initially weighed. The priority
was to insert the tube and stabilise him with further adjustments made in the Neonatal Unit. it
could be risky using a tube that was too big which could lead to complications including stenosis.
The Consultant also confirmed he wasn't consulted about the premature care plan, but was told
by a colleague that a mother had been admitted to the ward with a premature baby (however this
is not documented).

7. A tertiary specialist Hospital (New Cross Hospital-Level 3 Unit) was contacted but there were
initial difficulties in contacting the Neonatal Consultant despite multiple attempts through the
switchboard. A transfer to this tertiary Hospital was eventually accepted.

8. The Neonatal Consultant at New Cross Hospital described that when Tommi-Ray arrived on his
Unit he took over his care on the 12 January and came to the conclusion that he had suffered
significant brain damage due to the hypoxic episode following his cardiac arrest. Sadly, Tommi-
Ray died the following day on 13 January 2016

Coroner's Concerns

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern and a risk that
future deaths will occur unless action is taken.

The MATTERS OF CONCERN were identified as follows:

1. Evidence emerged during the inquest that the Paediatric Doctor in charge recognised that it was a
mistake to extubate Tommi-Ray when he did. His words were: “What should have been a straight
forward ET change turned into a nightmare’. He also confirmed that he should have consulted
the Consultant on call prior to making the decision and earlier use of the CO2 monitor would have
made a difference.

2. In addition, it emerged that there were problems and delays in trying to contact the tertiary unit via
the switchboard.

3 There was also evidence of an inadequate handover and Preparation for the arrival of the
premature baby with insufficient care plan details or consultation taking place.

Preventing Future Deaths — Action for Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust

A Serious Incident investigation was carried out following Tommi-Ray's death and a Root Cause Analysis
report was formulated with a specific action plan. Actions including the development of a Standard
Operating Procedure related to the difficult airway kit had been completed and handover processes
formalised.

However, specific outstanding actions were identified at the conclusion of the Inquest and a Preventing
Future Deaths report has been issued to the Trust:

1. Although some improvements have been made by the Trust through the findings of the
Root Cause Analysis (RCA) investigation, you may consider that expediting some of the
action points in the RCA including training in the use of the CO2 indicator is made
compulsory and further training for neonatal staff where deficiencies or gaps in knowledge
have been identified.

Action Taken

Neonatal staff have now undergone training on ‘Difficult Airway Management’ This includes the use of

Oropharyngeal airways
Nasopharyngeal airways
Laryngeal mask airway (LMA)
CO2 detector

Introducer

Robert Shaw blade

Video laryngoscope

Bougie

2. You may also wish to consider expediting the process to establish a system to contact
tertiary units within your area to minimise any delays in contacting the relevant staff for
advice.

Action Taken

The Regional Cot Locator service is now in place out of hours. This has negated the requirement for staff
to search for level 3 cots.

3. You may also wish to consider a review to ensure systems and procedures are in place to
ensure that all relevant details/care plan are available for the Consultant in charge when a
mother delivers a pre-term baby in an emergency

Action Taken

All medical staff, Advanced Neonatal Practitioners and band 6 nursing staff now have access to the
Maternal Badgernet System in addition to Neonatal system. This gives access to all relevant staff to view
electronic records pertaining to antenatal care, intrapartum and postnatal.

More generally we have introduced work within the Trust around the development of a more safety
focused culture which will encourage staff to be more aware of the potential for harm, risk management
and the need to escalate concerns .This work ts particularly focused on A&E, Maternity and Neonates
and Paediatrics initially.

In addition a Maternity and Neonatal Task Force has been established to oversee the improvements
made, reporting into the Quality & Safety Committee of the Trust Board

We fully acknowledge the serious nature of the failings during the management of a baby’s airway and its
potential to result in a fatality. The lessons learned from Tommi-Ray’s case are to be shared with
Neonatal staff through a bulletin, a team meeting and at the Paediatric Grand Round.

Finally, on behalf of the Trust, | would like to take the opportunity to offer our unreserved apologies for the
delay in diagnosis and treatment to Tommi-Ray’s family, along with our sincere condolences for their loss.
| trust that the action already taken by the Trust along with the additional action set out in this letter will
provide you with assurance that we have responded with the seriousness needed to improve the care we
provide.

Yous singerely

Richard Kirby
Chief Executive

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