Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2017

Amanda Coulthard

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2017-0024, written 18 Jan 2017. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report18 Jan 2017
Reference2017-0024
DeceasedAmanda Coulthard
CoronerDavid Roberts
Coroner areaCumbria
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Organisation namedNorth Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses publishednone published

The report

Text recovered by OCR from a scanned PDF. OCR is imperfect: check anything you rely on against the source PDF. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS (1)

NOTE: This form is to be used after an inquest.

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS
RE: Amanda Coulthard Deceased
THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:

1. The Chief Executive of North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust
2. The Chief Executive of NHS England
3. The Secretary of State for Health
CORONER

lam David LI. Roberts, Senior Coroner, for the coroner area of Cumbria.
CORONER'S LEGAL POWERS
| make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009

and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013.
[HYPERLINKS]

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

On 29" April 2015 | commenced an investigation into the death of Amanda Coulthard
aged 57 years. The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on 16" January
2017. The conclusion of the inquest was:

4. Medical Cause of Death:
ja) Aspiration Pneumonia;
1b) Insertion of a nasogastric tube and administration of feed and medication
into the right lung in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.

2. How, when and where, and for investigations where section 5(2) of the Coroners
and Justices Act 2009 applies, in what circumstances the deceased came by
her death.

Amanda Coulthard died at 07.10 on 26" April 2015 at the Cumberland Infirmary,
Carlisle following the insertion of a nasogastric tube into her right lung resulting
in Mrs Coulthard developing aspiration pneumonia from which she died.

3. The deceased died from aspiration pneumonia. The pneumonia developed
because a Nasogastric Tube was placed in such a way as to enter the right lung
instead of the stomach. The tube was inserted at 14.20 on 17" April 2015. An
unsuccessful attempt to draw aspirate was made and an x-ray to confirm the
nasogastric tube’s position was authorised. At 17.00 a further attempt to obtain
aspirate was made in the absence of a second checker in breach of Trust
Policy, training and national best practice. The pH of the aspirate was
incorrectly read from a pH strip. These failings amount to neglect. This resulted
in the misplacement of the tube being undetected. Feeding was commenced.
525 ml of liquid was administered via the tube and entered the deceased's right

lung resulting in the development of the pneumonia from which she died.

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH

Amanda Coulthard suffered from multiple sclerosis. In April 2015 she was transferred
from Penrith Hospital to the Cumberland Infirmary, Carlisle due to poor health and for
further investigation. Her prognosis was not good. As part of her treatment plan it was
decided that a nasogastric tube (NGT) be inserted to deliver nutrients and medicine. An

NGT was fitted on 14” April and its position checked by x-ray. She pulled tubes out on
44" and 17" April 2015. On 17" April 2015 a fresh NGT was inserted. As no aspirate
was obtained the plan was for an x-ray. Records note that aspirate was obtained and
feed commenced. The x-ray was abandoned. She subsequently began coughing up
blood. Shortly after midnight on 18" April 2015 an x-ray showed the NGT in the right
lung. She was, in view of her condition, treated conservatively. She died on 26" April
2015.

CORONER'S CONCERNS

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In
my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you.

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows. —

| have now held inquests into 3 deaths as a result of misplaced nasogastric tubes at
North Cumbria Hospitals which occurred over a period of a little over 7 years. These
types of death are described as ‘Never Events’. On the facts of these three cases the
deaths were avoidable. Common themes in all were:

(a) Staff not being aware of the policy.

(b) Staff not reading the policy.

(c) Staff not applying the policy.

(d) _ Staff not following goad practice.

(e) The Trust not ensuring compliance nor rolling out training to all
who needed it.

(f Lack of checks and audits to establish competence and adherence to policy.

(g) Failure of the Trust to learn from the first death.

(h) Lack of Corporate Memory (the issue of NGTs was not on the Risk Register).

(i) The Trust not fully implementing the 2011 NPSA Alert for over two years and
only as a result of the second death.

qj) Even after the second death not having systems in place to ensure compliance
on the ward which contributed to the third death.

(k) The Trust Policy growing in size from 20 to 36 pages in 7 years, making it difficult
for busy practitioners to absorb (there are some 200 Policies in the Trust).

() The current Policy has cross-references to paragraphs which do not exist. These
errors have been carried through three versions, and raise the risk of
misinterpretation by staff and undermining their confidence in such an important
document.

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and | believe you
[AND/OR your organisation] have the power to take such action.

In my view the following action should be taken:
(a) The Trust should take steps,

(i) To consider an amplified “summary and aim” at the beginning of the policy to
drive home the main points.

(ui) To identify areas where statutory or mandatory training is required.

(itl) To consider the implementation of an online system of statutory mandatory
training with a central recording system.

(iv) To take steps to ensure that good and compliant practice is actually taking place
on the wards.

(v) To correct cross referencing errors in the Policy.

(b) The Secretary of State and NHS England should take steps to ensure that,

(i) Research is undertaken to identify a superior method of ensuring
correct nasogastric tube placement.
(ii) The issues identified above are addressed nationally -there is

evidence set out in the NHS Improvement Resource Set ‘Initial Placement of

NGTs’ July 2016 that demonstrates that the themes set out above are being
replicated across other Trusts.

(til) The 2011 Alert is properly implemented nationally ~ the evidence before me was
that it has not been.

YOUR RESPONSE

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report,
namely by 15 March 2017. I, the Coroner, may extend the period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out
the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed.

COPIES and PUBLICATION

| have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested
Persons:

a) DE 210 Solicitors

b) Eee Solicitors

C) ES and RCN

land Solicitors

d)
e) and Solicitors

| am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful
or of interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your
response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner.

18" January 2017

Dbl Ro Ss
HM Senior Coroner

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