Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2017

Reginald Dixon

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2017-0214, written 18 Sep 2017. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report18 Sep 2017
Reference2017-0214
DeceasedReginald Dixon
CoronerZafar Siddique
Coroner areaBlack Country
CategoryCommunity health care and emergency services related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28:  REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS  

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

1.  Chief Executive, West Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Foundation 

Trust 

2.  Chief Coroner 

1 

CORONER 

I am Zafar Siddique, Senior Coroner, for the coroner area of the Black Country. 

2 

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On  the  10  July  2017,  I  commenced  an  investigation  into  the  death  of  the  late  Mr 
Reginald Dixon. The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on 4  September 
2017. The conclusion of the inquest was a short form conclusion of accidental death. 

The cause of death was:   

1a    
  b 
  c   
II   
Fractures   

Aspiration Of Gastric Contents 
Subdural And Traumatic Subarachnoid Haemorrhage 
Skull Fractures And Cerebral Contusions 
Systemic  Hypertension,  Left  Clavicle,  Left  Rib  And  Left  Neck  Of  Femur    

4 

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

i)  On the 26th June 2017 at 1853 hours a 999 call was received by West 
Midlands Ambulance service (WMAS) to reports of a 70-year-old male, 
Mr Dixon who had an unwitnessed fall downstairs sustaining a head and 
back injury.   

ii) 

Initially it was reported the patient was conscious and breathing. The 
location of the incident was in Norton, Stourbridge. The call was triaged 
through Pathways and a category 3 response assigned. At that time, 
there was no available resource to immediately assign to the case.  

iii)  At 1921 hours a second 999 call was received for the patient and this to 

was triaged through Pathways and a category 3 response assigned. It 
was reported that the patient’s condition had changed and they were now 
vomiting and becoming drowsy. There was still no available resource to 
immediately assign to the case.  

iv)  At 1931 hours a third 999 call was received for the patient and it was 

reported that the patient’s condition had deteriorated further and following 
triage a category 2 response assigned. An ambulance was assigned to 

1 

[IL1: PROTECT] 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 the case within 4 minutes but was some distance away from the incident.  

v)  At 1945 hours a fourth 999 call was received and during this call the 

ambulance arrived on scene at 1950 hours, 57 minutes from the time of 
the original call.  

vi)  The patient was found by the ambulance crew with a lowered conscious 

level and multiple injuries. Following assessment, the patient was 
conveyed to the major trauma centre during the transfer the crew were 
intercepted by the MERIT team, who anaesthetised the patient prior to 
continuing to hospital.  

vii)  He was taken to Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham where it was 

identified the patient had an un-survivable head injury and wasn’t deemed 
suitable for neurosurgery and sadly passed away the same day. 

5 

CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In 
my  opinion  there  is  a  risk  that  future  deaths  will  occur  unless  action  is  taken.  In  the 
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows.  –  

1.  Firstly, evidence emerged during the inquest that the second call received by 

the WMAS operator at 1921 hours had been incorrectly triaged as Level 3.  The 
evidence of vomiting and drowsiness should have resulted in a Level 2 
categorisation and therefore faster response time.   

2.  Evidence also emerged during the inquest that there were insufficient resources 
available and average response times of 29 minutes.  This delay posed a risk to 
patients.  

6 

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you have the 
power to take such action.  

1.  You  may  wish  to  consider  further  training  of  those  staff  involved  in  triaging 

response calls given the issues identified. 

2.  You  may  wish  to  consider  further  consultation  with  the  Clinical  Commissioning 
Group(s)  in  relation  to  the  level  of  resource  provided  to  deal  with  the  Black 
Country  population  in  light  of  insufficient  resources  being  available  in  a  timely 
manner as identified during this inquest. 

7 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, 
namely by 13 November 2017. I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out 
the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

2 

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 8 

COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I  have  sent  a  copy  of  my  report  to  the  Chief  Coroner  and  to  the  following  Interested 
Persons; Family. 

The  Chief  Coroner  may  publish  either  or  both  in  a  complete  or  redacted  or  summary 
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful 
or  of  interest.  You  may  make  representations  to  me,  the  coroner,  at  the  time  of  your 
response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9 

15 September 2017                                                   

Mr Zafar Siddique
Senior Coroner 
Black Country Area 

3 

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Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from West Midlands Ambulance Service (PDF)
West Midlands Ambulance Service

Black Country Coroners Court
Jack Judge House
H les
ow n
a
e St et
Oldbury
West Midlands
B69 2AJ

re

Dear Mr Siddique

I

McIi

Waterfront Business Park
Brierley Hill
West Midlands
DY51LX
Tel: 01384 215555
website: www.wmas.nhs.uk

Thank you for your letter attaching the report to prevent future deaths.
Please find our response below.

Matter of concern - Firstly, evidence emerged during the inquest that the second call
received by the WMAS operator at 1921 hours had been incorrectly triaged as Level
3. The evidence of vomiting and drowsiness should have resulted in a Level 2
categorisation and therefore faster response time.
Response - The second 999 call had failed the audit completed against the Pathway
system. The audit identified that the call assessor did not fully establish during the call
the level of consciousness of the patient, further probing was required, due to the lack
of probing on the call It is unclear whether the category 3 response which was
generated was appropriate.

As the category of call disposition depends on the answers provided by the caller it is
not possible to determine whether this call would have generated a category 2
response.

Action should be taken - You may wish to consider further training of those staff
involved in triaging response calls given the issues identified,
Response - Pathways is a national triage tool used by VVMAS to categorise 999 calls,
our call assessors are not clinically trained therefore are guided by Pathways and the
answers they gain from the caller in relation to the disposition of the call.
Pathways provides its national training package to WMAS tutors. who in turn provide
training to our call assessors.

Pathways annually quality assesses our lead Tutor. who is then required to assess all
WMAS tutors.

Following this sertous ,nc,dent WMAS have ncIuded further education and refresher
training around head injuries durhg
NHS Path:;ays pdaie due to take place n
o obc’

v rb

 Response - The number of ambulances on duty is done on historic demand data along
with local intelligence. Resourcing is matched against a presumed demand profile. On
this date resourcing for the Black Country division was above the predicted demand
level. Despite this extra resourcing the demand experienced on the ambulance
service during the time of this incident outstripped the available resources.
Actions should be taken - You may wish to consider further consultation with the
Clinical Commissioning Group(s) in relation to the level of resource provided to deal
with the Black Country population in light of insufficient resources being available in a
timely manner as identified during this inquest.
Response - The Trusts Director of Clinical Commissioning and Service Development/
Executive Nurse has personally written to the Clinical Commissioning Group over the
current resourcing provision and has included within that letter the Preventing Future
Death report.
Please find attached the letters of communication for your information.

Yours Sincerely

Head of Patient Safety

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