Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2017

Francesca Whyatt

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2017-0248, written 21 Aug 2017. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report21 Aug 2017
Reference2017-0248
DeceasedFrancesca Whyatt
CoronerKaron Monaghan
Coroner areaLondon Inner (West)
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28:  REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS  

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

1.  CARE QUALITY COMMISSION 
2.  NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE ENGLAND 
3.  CHAIR AND MEMBERS OF MENTAL HEALTH NATIONAL 

PROGRAMMES OF CARE BOARD, NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE 
ENGLAND 

4.  HOSPITAL DIRECTOR, PRIORY HOSPITAL, ROEHAMPTON 

1  CORONER 

I am Karon Monaghan QC, Assistant Coroner, for the coroner area of London Inner 
West.  

2 

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013.  

3 

INVESTIGATION 

On 30th September 2013 an investigation was commenced into the death of Francesca 
Whyatt (date of birth 18th September 1992) and concluded at the end of the Inquest on 
4th August 2017. 

The Jury came to a narrative conclusion. Their conclusion included findings that: 
(1) The protocols, procedures and risk assessments were not updated to reflect the 
challenges and changes to the Emerald Ward. The layout of the ward over four floors 
and the system of fob and key doors made the policy unworkable with the level of staff 
provided. 
(2) The zonal observation policy failed and staff were unaware of how it operated. 
(3) Prohibited items of ligature were not strictly monitored or controlled. 
(4) On the day of the incident there was a complete lack of leadership, there were very 
few experienced staff on duty, several were new or with only days of experience on the 
ward. 
(5) The training and induction of staff was generic and not fully suited to the particular 
requirements at the Emerald Ward. The reliance on agency staff added to the risk and 
detracted from the continuity and effectiveness of the therapy of the ward. More could 
have been done earlier to recruit permanent staff. 
(6) Francesca Whyatt’s death was contributed to by neglect in that she was permitted to 
wear tights. 
(7) Francesca Whyatt’s death was contributed to by neglect in that she was able to 
ascend from the garden to the first floor unrestricted by a locked door and/or staff 
intervention. 
(8) Francesca Whyatt’s death was contributed to by neglect in that there were no zonal 
or intermittent observations undertaken between the period 4.05 p.m. – 4.20p.m..  

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

Francesca Whyatt was admitted to the Priory Hospital, Roehampton on 20th March 2013 
under section 3, Mental health Act 1983, to its specialist Personality Disorder Unit, East 
Wing (thereafter known as “Emerald Ward”). The unit provided NHS commissioned 
services to patients requiring specialist care from all over England and Wales. Many of 
the patients in the Emerald Ward were at high risk of serious self-harm and all required 
complex and expert care. 

Emerald Ward was arranged over four floors (basement, ground, first and second), each 
separated by a single staircase.  

Observations of patients were primarily carried out “zonally” so that a member of staff 
was allocated to each floor to observe patients, save that in the case of the first and 
second floor, a single member of staff was allocated to undertake observations on both 
floors. In addition, patients were sometimes subject to closer observations (intermittent, 
1:1, 2:1) where heightened risk was identified.   

The doors between the basement, ground and first floor were expected to be locked at 
all times with access granted to patients by a member of staff using a “fob” key.  There 
was no locked door between the first and second floors. 

Francesca  Whyatt  was  at  known  risk  from  ligatures.  A  risk  assessment  (“risk 
management self-harm plan”) was prepared shortly after her admission to the Emerald 
Ward  indicating  that  she  should  not  have  tights  or  belts.  This  was  because  it  was 
understood that she was more likely to self-harm with these items.   

On  16th  April  and  17th  June  2013,  Francesca  Whyatt  gained  access  to  tights  and 
fashioned ligatures out of them and tied them around her neck.  

On 6th August 2013 Francesca Whyatt used a belt cord from a dressing gown to which 
she had been provided access, and tied it tightly around her neck. She was discovered 
cyanosed and with a nosebleed. This was recognized to be a “near - miss”. This incident 
at  least should have been  treated as  a serious  untoward incident  (SUI) and as  such a 
formal SUI investigation should have been undertaken. The Incident Form that was used 
to  report  the  incident  described  the  level  of  harm  as  “low”  and  no  investigation  took 
place. 

On 25th September 2013 at a time between 4.05 p.m. and 4.20p.m., Francesca Whyatt 
was able to ascend from the basement to the top floor, through doors which were 
unlocked though expected to be locked, without being observed. She was then found 
unconscious in a lounge on the top floor of the Emerald Ward with a pair of tights around 
her neck secured tightly as a ligature. Attempts were made to resuscitate her at the 
scene. She was then taken to Kingston Hospital where she died on 28th September 
2013.  

The medical cause of Fancesca Whyatt’s death was: 
1a.  Irreversible cerebral anoxia 
2b.  Upper airway obstruction 

Emerald Ward closed in June/July 2014.   

East Wing is now a 12 - bedded female acute mental health ward with the majority of 
patients diagnosed with psychosis and some are at high risk of self-harm. The NHS 
funds the care and treatment of the majority of the patients on East Wing through 
commissioning arrangements. 

East Wing remains a single ward arranged over four floors, with one floor now 
inaccessible to patients without supervision.  There are no locked doors impeding 
access to and up the staircases between floors.  There has been no risk assessment of 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 the configuration of the ward over four floors. 

Agency staff are still used (though in much fewer numbers). They must complete an 
observation competency checklist when they commence work on the ward. There is no 
written or other formal guidance on the frequency with which ad-hoc agency staff must 
complete the checklist. 

Ligature incidents are not automatically treated as SUIs.  There is no clear guidance or 
criteria on the circumstances in which a ligature incident/s (or other self-harming 
incident/s) should be treated as an SUI such as to trigger an SUI investigation.  

5 

CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the Inquest, my inquiries revealed matters giving rise to concern. In 
my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the 
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows:- 

(1)  There has been no risk assessment of the configuration of the East Wing ward 

over four floors. 

(2)  There is no written or other formal guidance on the frequency with which ad-hoc 

agency staff should complete the observation competency checklist. 

(3)  Ligature incidents are not automatically treated as SUIs (though the evidence 
suggests that death can occur within seconds of a ligature being applied).   
(4)  There is no clear guidance or criteria on the circumstances in which a ligature 

incident/s (or other self-harming incident/s) should be treated as an SUI such as 
to trigger an SUI investigation.  

6 

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion urgent action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe 
you and your organisation have the power to take such action.   

 It for each of the individuals or agencies to whom this report is addressed to 
identify any specific and appropriate action that should be taken on their or 
their organisation’s behalf in relation to the concerns listed above.  

7 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, 
namely by 16th October 2017. I, the Assistant Coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out 
the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8 

COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested 
Persons: 

(1)  The Family of Francesca Whyatt 
(2)  The Priory Hospital, Roehampton  
(3)
(4)  The Health and Safety Executive 

3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (5)  The Metropolitan Police Service 
(6) 
(7) 
(8) 
(9) 

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.  

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary 
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful 
or of interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your 
response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9 

21st August 2017 

Karon Monaghan QC 
Assistant Coroner, Inner West London  

4

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Priory Hospital (PDF)
TRE

PRIORY

HOSPITAL
ROEHAMPTON

Ms Karon Monaghan Qc
Assistant Coroner

Inner West London

65 Horseferry Road
London

swiP 2ED
Strictly Private & Confidential

42" October 2017

Dear Ms Monaghan,

Re. Ms Francesca Whyatt (deceased)

I write to you in response to the Regulation 28 Report to Prevent Future Deaths dated Monday 21
August 2017 that you issued in response to the Inquest Touching the Death of Ms Francesca
Whyatt. The matters of concern and responses are set out below.

There has been no risk assessment of the configuration of the East Wing ward over four
floors.

As a preliminary issue, I would respectfully ask you to please note that patients are unable to
access the rooms on Floor 4 or the whole of the basement (Floor 1) without being escorted.
Further, I would wish to make the general point that many units in the UK for patients with mental
health issues are multi-level and that ward layout will inform the main risk assessment and
management tool i.e. the clinical risk assessment for a patient. In addition, to support clinical risk
assessments, there will be more general environmental and health and safety risk assessments

which are summarised below.

Clinical Risk assessments: All ward patients have a current clinical risk assessment and management
plan in place. In order to meet the requirements of these assessments and plans, on a day-to-day
basis the ward has a regular core staff team in place with oversight from an experienced ward
manager and hospital management team. Systems are in place to ensure that the patient group are
subject to co-ordinated safety observations undertaken by a fully trained staff team. All
observations are undertaken in accordance with Policy H43 Observation and Engagement. Tt should
also be noted that during the day, the patients are occupied in individual therapy and group work
and will therefore occupy particular areas of the ward (or other areas of the Hospital) in the

presence of staff.

Environmental risk assessments: prior to the opening of a service and on an ongoing basis, there
will be an environmental risk assessment which will include ligature point and blind spot audits.
These audits will be refreshed at least twice a year. Additionally there are weekly Quality Walk
Rounds completed by senior nursing staff - these include reference to patient and staff safety and
make reference to corridors being kept free of obstruction, areas that present as a risk being
effectively managed and emergency equipment being available. The completed documents are

THE

PRTORY

reviewed by the relevant hospital director and are also subject to a review by the aetna MPTON

divisional quality team.

Health and_safety risk assessments: these will include the Potential Violence Risk Assessment
(which has recently been updated and scrutinised by our Director of Risk and Safety who has found
the assessment to be accurate and suitable). The assessment document is completed prior to any
new ward opening and also in response to any serious incident of violence and aggression or
significant change in patient profile. The assessment assists staff in identifying any actions that
need to be taken to assist in reducing the likelihood of a violent incident. Additional health and
safety risk assessments and audits that assist in ensuring patient and staff safety include fire risk
assessments, infection control and anti-barricade door audits.

There is no written or other formal guidance on the frequency with which ad-hoc
agency staff should complete the observation competency checklist.

We would wish to make the general point that ward staff will have access to agency staff training
records on an ongoing basis to enable a check to be made of when the observation competency for
a particular member of staff was last completed. However, we can see the benefits of this practice
being codified in our existing Policy H43 Observation and Engagement and the following

requirement has now been added:

‘Where a bank or agency member of staff has a break in service of over one month then H Form:
99 Observation Competency Checklist must be completed again’.

This additional requirement will be communicated to divisional staff during week commencing
Monday 16 October 2017 via the weekly divisional newsletter and as part of the ongoing
observation and engagement staff training webinars that are delivered on a monthly basis.

Ligature incidents are not automatically treated as SUIs (though the evidence suggests
that death can occur within seconds of a ligature being applied).

We would wish to make the general point that self-harm incidents both generally and those
involving a ligature will vary in their nature and degree and it would not be appropriate for all
ligature incidents to be treated as SUIs. It will depend on the patient and the particular
circumstances in each case. Accordingly, it is for the staff who deal with the incident on the ward to
make a determination, in particular the ward manager, as to how such an incident should be

graded.

However, all ligature incidents will be recorded on our e-compliance system within 48 hours of the
incident and all e-compliance incident reports are reviewed by the hospital management team
within 72 hours of the incident report being made: they will check the accuracy of the report and
the incident grading. Where necessary the incident grade will be amended. Incident reports are also
reviewed on a daily basis by the central risk and audit team and where appropriate, there will be
follow-ups with the Hospital to check on how the incident is being managed and what changes to a
patient's risk assessment are needed.

More serious ligature incidents resulting in medical intervention will be the subject of a detailed
serious incident report (called an SBAR) which will be sent to the central risk and audit team and
escalated to the senior levels of management for review with an SUI report being commissioned in
appropriate circumstances. Again, though this happens in practice, we can see the benefits of this

THE

PRIORY

being expressly set out in our Incident Management, Reporting and Investigation ROL AMPTON

Policy (OP4) and the following requirement has been added to the policy:

"Serious self-harm incidents involving a ligature or self-mutilation of such severity that the service
user was at risk of death and/or life changing injuries and which necessitated medical treatment”
will require an SBAR notification to be made and a further investigation will be commissioned to
enable an understanding of the actual incident and identification of any improvements that need to
be made to assist in preventing a repeat of similar incidents in the future.

This requirement will be communicated to divisional staff during week commencing Monday 16
October 2017 via the weekly divisional newsletter.

There is no clear guidance or criteria on the circumstances in which a ligature
incident/incident/s or other self harming incident/s) should be treated as an SUI such
as to trigger an SUI investigation.

As with point 3 above, we have identified that any self-harm incident which requires medical
attendance and medical intervention will be recorded as a serious incident and will require
escalation with a serious incident investigation being commissioned by the divisional management
team in appropriate circumstances. The report arising from that investigation will be shared and any
lessons learnt and improvements will be rolled-out across the division as required.

I do hope that these actions will provide you with the reassurance that you require. If I can be of
further assistance then please do not hesitate to contact me.

Yours sincerely,

Hospital Director

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