Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2018

Paul Hanton

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2018-0021, written 18 Jan 2018. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report18 Jan 2018
Reference2018-0021
DeceasedPaul Hanton
CoronerPenelope Schofield
Coroner areaWest Sussex
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Organisation namedSussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published2

The report

Text recovered by OCR from a scanned PDF. OCR is imperfect: check anything you rely on against the source PDF. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS (1)

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:

41. Sam Allen
Chief Executive
Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust
Trust HQ, Swandean, Arundel Road, Worthing, West Sussex BN13 3EP

2. Giles York

Chief Constable

Sussex Police

Malling House, Church Lane, Lewes, BN7 2DZ

1 | CORONER

| am Karen Harrold, Assistant Coroner for the coroner area of West Sussex.

2 | CORONER'S LEGAL POWERS |

| make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013.

htto://www.legislation.qov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/schedule/5
http://www. legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2013/1629/made

3. | INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

On 12" May 2016, the Senior Coroner, Penelope Schofield, commenced an
investigation into the death of Paul Lawrence Hanton aged 52 years old.

The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on 7" December 2017. | recorded
a conclusion of Suicide.

The medical cause of death was recorded as:

1a) Head injuries.

4 | CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH
In summary, Paul Hanton was an informal patient at Langley Green Mental Health

Hospital in Crawley since January 2016. On Monday 18th April 2016, he was escorted
around the grounds of the hospital with two other patients by a member of staff. As they
were returning to the ward, Mr Hanton absconded and despite a search within minutes
of him leaving he could not be found either in the hospital or the near vicinity. His
disappearance was immediately reported to Sussex Police. 8 days later on 26th April
2016 at 23:57 hrs, Mr Hanton jumped in front of a train as it entered Kings Cross

Underground Station. A post mortem examination was carried out on 6th May 2016 and
confirmed he died from head injuries.

It was clear Mr Hanton had a complicated medical history including both physical and
mental health problems over many years. In particular, he had suffered from depression
since his teenage years and it was reported he had suffered from PTSD as a result of
abuse. At one time there was a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder and
following his admission to Langley Green, his psychiatrist A told me his working
diagnosis was depression with psychotic symptoms.

Mr Hanton’s first admission to Langley Green hospital was on 26 May 2015 following
two attempts to take his own life - firstly on 14 May when he took an overdose of
tramadol and venlafaxine — then on 24 May when he again took an overdose of the
same drugs and by cutting his brachial artery and his wrist with a knife requiring surgery.

Various attempts were made to try home leave and rehabilitation back into the
community but these did not go well resulting in a Mental Health Act assessement in
August 2015. Mr Hanton was deemed to have capacity but was readmitted informally
due to poor self-care and persistent false concerns about money and debt.

Treatment continued and by 23 November a discharge meeting was planned but that
morning Mr Hanton told staff he was going for a walk and he did not return. He was not
found until 16 December by his father in Hastings, East Sussex. The intention was to go
to Langley Green the following day to collect his belongings but he again went missing
from home on 17th December. He was next admitted to St Thomas’ hospital in London
on 31 Dec after taking a large overdose of aspirin tablets in an attempt to take his own
life. He was admitted with a perforated ulcer and underwent surgery. Following
treatment he was readmitted to Langley Green on 13 January 2016 again as a voluntary
patient.

By 22 February 2016, Mr Hanton was not keen on having an assessment at a
rehabilitative unit prior to discharge home and tried to run away but was easily stopped
by staff. He again talked about taking his own life and accepted that he ‘freaked’ out
and became fixated on killing himself. His up and down mental health continued until
16 March when he went on unaccompanied leave and failed to return. On impulse, he
went to Southampton where he swam out to sea with the intention of ending his life but
later swam back to shore and was found by a passer-by who called the police and was
returned to hospital. He told the doctor that he heard voices telling him to kill himself.
Staff assessed his risk of self-harm as high so he was placed on 15 minute observations
and encouraged only to have accompanied leave.

On 14 April he reportedly started a fire in his room during the night and suffered burns
as a result. The 15 minute observations were resumed and discussions began to
change medication to include a mood stabiliser, Lithium, and also potentially
electroconvulsive therapy. Mr Hanton was not keen on this course of treatment but again
he was deemed to have capacity.

The last day Mr Hanton was seen by staff was 18" April. An activity worker knew that

he enjoyed the walk around the hospital grounds so she went to his room to encourage
him to attend. Two other sectioned patients also joined them and the walk itself was
uneventful until they all returned to the hospital café. Enroute back to the ward, they
were joined by 2 relatives and passed through reception which was very busy that day.
By the time the group reached the ward it was clear that Mr Hanton had gone without
warning. Within minutes, the activity worker ran back to reception and checked with |
staff if they had seen him. Together with a colleague, they quickly ran out of the hospital
grounds and searched the nearby area which she knew well. Despite a search of the
hospital and grounds, he could not be found.

During the inquest she told me that she could not recall exactly who made the call to the

bo

occupational therapist to provide additional details. After hearing from two charge
nurses, it was apparent that neither regarded themselves as being the Nurse in Charge.
| also heard from the Clinical Nurse Lead Manager, who carried out a
review of what happened on 18" April and he too initially did not know who made the
initial missing person call to the police. Some notes were found and confirmed it was a
staff member with initials || When the audio file of the 999 call was played, it
confirmed a healthcare assistant had been asked to make the call when he was not fully
equipped with all the necessary information readily to hand.

| heard from a the Sussex Police Missing Person Team. He explained that
the call handler on a 999 call uses a recognised list of questions to obtain the right
information but it helps immensely if hospital staff can give the best information to inform
the first risk assessment by the Critical Incident Inspector including, for example,
description of clothing. This then helps trying to trace the person within the first hour
when there is the best chance of finding them as if on foot they are likely to get no more
than 3-4 miles away. Within the first hour local CCTV should be alerted and there can
be area searches of bus/railway stations; trying mobile phone contact and family/friends.

In this case the call started at 11:33 and ended at 11:47 so 14 minutes long. By 11:59
the Inspector was asking for more information but ]EEEEEENFconfirmed that he could
not see that the Inspector recorded the risk assessment despite the information given by
the hospital and CCTV monitoring did not start till 13:37, two hours after the call. The
second call from the hospital was at 12:00 and gave clothing description and
absconding details from 16 March including the fact Mr Hanton had gone to
Southampton and left a suicide note. NICHE and COMPACT records were checked

The CAD record suggested that the incident was bouncing between the North and South
Area inspectors with little effective action being taken. A local car commented on use of
the rail network previously and being found in Hastings so a request was made to alert
BTP which happened at 14:34. By 14:48 a local sergeant reviewed the compact report
and indicated a medium risk despite the hospital having indicated a high risk of suicide.
It was not until 16:51 that the North Area Inspector requested a room search and that did
not occur until 20:37. This was when a broken plate with blood was found indicative of
further self harm.

It was noted hospital CCTV could not be accessed and this may have helped in some
cases.

A decision was made to leave the enquiries to the missing person team in the morning
but at 21:26 a request was made for checks in a Hastings hotel and home address in
Surrey. A home search was also requested of Surrey police and when this was done on
19 April at 02:30 there was a negative result. A further check happened at 09:17 again
with a negative result.

It was accepted that no foot patrol or drive arounds were conducted.

Hampshire police were not notified until 19 April at 09:19.

The ignifi vent was at 00:19 on 25 April when the Met police received a call
Fort ie Paul had rung his pects es out the actions by
the Met including advising the parents to obtain the telephone number and a possible
location. Officers were dispatched to check phone boxes in the Haymarket /Coventry St
area and also around Tottenham Hotspur Football ground even though that was 10
miles away from where the call was believed to have been made. It was hoped that Mr
Hanton was on his way home.

rom BTP confirmed that at 23:50 on Tuesday 26th April a witness was on
the platform at Kings Cross underground station when he saw Mr Hanton deliberately
run across the platform and jump in front of a train as it was entering the station. Police
found a notebook at the scene and from reading what Mr Hanton wrote there is no doubt

he had a clear intent to take his own life.

CORONER’S CONCERNS

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In
my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you.

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows:-

1) Need for clear information to be given by hospital staff when making the 999 call to
report a patient has gone AWOL in order to proactively answer the known risk
questions and maximise the opportunity for police to take timely action to trace the
patient within the golden hour.

| heard from HB sevice Director, that when a 999 call is made relevant
information would need to be drawn from several sources including the patient’s
form (personal/physical details & photo), any signing in/out form (last known
clothing) and latest risk assessments/plan with details of recent incidents that inform
the risk assessment. Inevitably, when a patient goes missing the AWOL policy
needs to be followed including internal and external searches; notification of relevant
senior staff etc. At times of pressure such as these it would be advisable to have all
the relevant information in one location for ease of access by the designated person
who makes the call.

2) Langley Green to ensure that hospital CCTV is accessible at all times for police
viewing.

3) Langley Green to consid i amendment of current AWOL policy. This
may be necessary given indication that he does not believe staff need

to wait to have a discussion with clinical staff.

4) Police to ensure the initial risk assessment is clearly endorsed in the CAD and
timely actions are undertaken both locally and appropriate referrals are made to
other Forces.

5) Police to consider joint policy with Adult Safeguarding Board.

6) Police to consider equal response to informal as well as sectioned patients if guided
by clinical staff of high risk. | heard from senior staff at Langley Green that there is a
discernibly different response from police when the missing person is an informal
patient rather than under a MHA order. In the latter case, often a blue light police
car is immediately dispatched to the hospital and a room/locality search takes place.
This is not the case with an informal patient yet the same high risk of self-harm or
suicide or risk of causing injuries to others may exist. In other words, there seems to:
be a general perception that informal patients are less unwell.

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and | believe you have the
power to take such action.

YOUR RESPONSE

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report,
namely by 19" March 2018. |, the coroner, may extend the period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out
the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed.

COPIES and PUBLICATION

| have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested
Persons:

1) The family of Paul Hanton;
2) Surrey and Borders Partnership NHS Foundation Trust

| have also sent it to:

1) Service Director
2) Clinical Lead Nurse Manager
3) Consultant Psychiatrist

| am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful
or of interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your
response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner.

9 | Date: 18” January 2018

Karen war Sg Hi mens ____
Assistant C
West Sussex -

Responses

2 responses published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Sussex Partnership NHS Trust (PDF)
A member of: INHS|

Association of UK University Hospitals Sussex Partnership
NHS Foundation Trust

Swandean — Trust Headquarters
Arundel Road

Karen Harrold Whe Syncs

Assistant Coroner, West Sussex [e @ fs N V E BNI EEE
Coroner's Office, West Sussex Record Office =e

Orchard Street

Chichester 19 MAR 2018

West Sussex

PO1I91DD

16 March 2018

Dear Ms Harrold
Re: Inquest into the death of Paul Lawrence HANTON — 5 to 7 December 2017

Thank you for your letter dated 22 January 2018 enclosing your Report to Prevent Future
Deaths under Regulation 28 Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. | write to
formally respond and to provide you with details of the actions taken by the Trust as a
result of matters revealed during the Inquest.

| will address each of the three Matters of Concern, identified within your Report, in turn:

Need for clear information during 999 call

During the course of the Inquest, the Trust recognised that it would assist with the making
of the 999 call if the specific information required by the police was fully collated
beforehand. Thus, the Checklist document, which Jo Scott provided to you at the
Conclusion of the Inquest, was created. That Checklist is based upon the specific
questions that the police ask during a 999 call as well as the additional information that the
Inquest evidence identified as being of assistance.

In your Report you identify that having all the relevant information in one location would be
advisable to assist the 999 call-maker. Moreover, you identify the need for the information
to be provided to the police within the ‘golden hour’. | wholly agree that clear, effective and
timely communication between the Trust's staff and the police is essential when a patient
has gone AWOL and, to ensure that Trust staff provide such communication, | confirm that
the Checklist is now being incorporated into the Trust's new AWOL policy. Whilst this is
yet to be finalised, | enclose a copy of the version of the Checklist that will appear in the
new policy at Appendix D. Additionally, | enclose a copy of the new AWOL policy's
Appendix C Flowchart which directs staff to the Appendix D Checklist.

CCTV accessibility
| confirm that the CCTV used at Langley Green is now accessible at all times for police
viewing. | enclose a copy of the staff instructions on how to access that CCTV. These

Interim Chair: Richard Bayley Chief Executive: Samantha Allen

Head office: Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Swandean, Arundel Road, Worthing, West Sussex, BN13 3EP

www.sussexpartnership.nhs.uk

A teaching trust of Brighton and Sussex Medical School

instructions are positioned next to the computer that controls the CCTV so that any
member of staff can access the system for the police. Additionally, | confirm that, as
needed, staff have been provided with training to ensure that they are confident in
accessing the CCTV system.

Whilst your Report is limited to Langley Green, | would like to assure you that we will
ensure that the police have access to all the CCTV that we are in the process of installing
this year.

Review of AWOL policy

In your Report you recommend that we review our current AWOL policy and consider
amendment of it in the light of [MMJevidence. As | understand it, during his
evidence he questioned the need to await input from the Responsible Clinician (‘RC’) prior
to the 999 call being made, contrary to stage 3 of the current AWOL policy's Appendix C
Flowchart. As you will have already appreciated from the above, the Trust's AWOL Policy
has now been reviewed and the Appendix C Flowchart revised to accommodate the new
Appendix D Checklist. However, as you will see, the decision has been taken not to alter
stage 3 of the Appendix C Flowchart. Thus, inclusion of the RC in the risk discussion
remains. The rationale for this is that we are confident that staff are able to respond to the
level of urgency required in an AWOL situation, understand that the Flowchart is guidance
and that it is not an absolute requirement that they speak with the RC. As in Mr Hanton’s
case, we are confident that staff would respond to the urgency of the situation and make
the 999 call without delay, if the RC wasn’t immediately available.

| trust that the content of this response and enclosures address your concerns and
provides you with complete reassurance. However, if any further clarification is required or
| can assist further in any way then please do not hesitate to contact me.

Yours sincerely

Samantha Allen
Chief Executive
Response from Sussex Police (PDF)
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Giles York QPM
Chief Constable
Ddi: 01273 404001
e-mail:

13!" March 2018
Ms Penelope Schofield
Coroner's Office
Country Record Office,
Orchard Street Chichester
West Sussex
PO19 1DD

Dear Ms Schofield,

Re: Inquest into the death of Paul HANTON — 7'" December 2017

| write in response to your formal report under Regulation 28: Report to Prevent Future Deaths.

Missing Person reports are always taken seriously by Sussex Police and our thoughts are with the
family and friends of Paul Hanton. We are always willing to review and improve our practices, and how
we work with partner agencies, to ensure better safety for all members of the public.

Within the report you highlight that during the course of the inquest the evidence revealed six matters
of concern, and you felt that future deaths may occur unless action is taken to address them.

Points one, two and three (as numbered in the report) will be responded to by Sussex Partnership
NHS Foundation Trust directly to you.

With regard to point four, new call handling guidance within the force missing person policy was
published in September 2017 and outlines how the risk level must be recorded clearly within the CAD
(incident log). A copy of this is attached titled ‘Missing person policy, Appendix B: call handling
guidance’. This followed a review of Sussex Police’s response to Missing Persons. The detailed
design process subject of consultation with all inspectors across the force. This established how risk
decisions are made and applied in a consistent manner by all inspectors, and a training package was
subsequently designed for all contact handlers and controllers taking them through the process of
recording Missing Person incidents from the point of call. This included scenario based exercises and
was delivered over a 12 week training cycle between January and March 2017 prior to the new
process being invoked in May. It was further audited in June before the policy went live in September
2017. All inspectors who perform the role of the Duty Inspector were also required to attend a
Continued Professional Development two day course between March and May 2017 around the
management of threat, harm and risk and the need to document decisions clearly within CADs.

The guidance also outlines the level of response to Missing Persons following the decision to grade
them as either high risk, medium risk, low risk or absent. Referrals to other forces however are not
dependent on the risk grading but on the information and necessity to do so in order to locate the
individual and ensure their safe return. The supervisor overseeing the initial report would consider the
need to inform other forces - including British Transport Police — as soon as possible if there was the
suspicion the missing person intended to travel outside of the county, whilst the handover process in
place for managing Missing Person reports includes regular reviews and scrutiny which would identify
the need to make such contact if it had not taken place.

Police Headquarters Malling House Church Lane Lewes East Sussex BN7 2DZ
Telephone 101 Fax (01273) 404263

Website: http://www.sussex,police.uk e-mail: chief.constable@sussex.pnn.police.uk

Point five identifies the need to consider a joint policy with the Adult Safeguarding Board. Sussex
Police and Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation have a jointly agreed policy relating to patients
absent without leave / informal missing patients which applies to all patients including those detained
under the Mental Health Act 1983, subject to Guardianship, Supervised Community Treatment Orders
as well as those in hospital informally. The document provides guidance for managers and staff
regarding duties, responsibilities and actions to be taken when a patient is absent without leave and
provides the legal framework which sets out these duties and responsibilities. This Policy (a copy of
which is attached) was due for review in November 2017 and is currently in the process of
consultation with all partner agencies prior to the finalisation of any amendments and additions. It will
also consider and include any recommendations from HM Coroner. As part of the review an approach
to the Safeguarding Boards will be made to invite their comment on the policy, and if appropriate to
include them as a partner agency in the Policy. In working closely with the Chief Executive of the
Partnership Trust, | have also suggested introducing a mechanism that will allow us to monitor the use
and effectiveness of this policy.

Point six asks the police to consider whether there is an equal response to informal as well as
sectioned patients if they are assessed by clinical staff as high risk. | can assure you that whether they
were an informal or sectioned patient would be noted but would not determine the level of response.
This is determined by the level of risk which is a combination of the likelihood of harm coming to the
missing person or the wider public, and the potential seriousness of harm that might result.

| am satisfied that we now have the relevant processes and policies in place, and that all decision
makers have been appropriately trained.

Yours sincerely,

Cow

Giles York
Chief Constable

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