Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2018

Kathleen Allen

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2018-0213, written 4 Jul 2018. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report4 Jul 2018
Reference2018-0213
DeceasedKathleen Allen
CoronerEmma Brown
Coroner areaBirmingham and Solihull
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Organisation namedUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:  

  University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust 

1 

CORONER 

I am Miss Emma Brown, Area Coroner for Birmingham and Solihull 

2 

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 and regulations 
28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On 27 March 2018 I commenced an investigation into the death of Kathleen Margaret Allen. The 
investigation concluded at the end of an inquest on 27 June 2018. The conclusion of the inquest was 
Natural causes contributed to by neglect. 

4 

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

The Deceased died at the Birmingham Heartlands Hospital on the 20 March 2018 due to the effects of 
aspiration pneumonia caused by small bowel obstruction. She had been admitted at 15:12 on 
18 March 2018 with a history of vomiting and was diagnosed with gastroenteritis. An abdominal x-ray 
was requested at 20:07 to exclude bowel obstruction but was not carried out until many hours later as 
the correct procedure was not followed simultaneously the severity of her condition was not identified 
because she was not reviewed by a Senior Doctor and her observations and modified early warning score 
were not being monitored frequently enough. The gravity of her condition was identified when her 
MEWs was taken at 12:40 on the 19 March 2018 prompting senior medical review and x-ray resulting in 
the diagnosis of small bowel obstruction secondary to a femoral hernia and surgery was undertaken at 
06:20 but the Deceased was too poorly to benefit from the surgery. With prompt diagnosis, intervention 
and treatment Mrs Allen’s death was preventable. 

Following a post mortem/Based on information from the Deceased’s treating clinicians the medical cause 
of death was determined to be: 

1a) MULTI ORGAN FAILURE 
1b) OBSTRUCTED RIGHT FEMORAL HERNIA (OPERATED) 

5 

CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In my opinion 
there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the circumstances it is my statutory 
duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows.  –  

1.  The Mews Chart contained within Mrs Allen’s A and E records was the Heart of England NHS 

Foundation Trust ‘Adult MEWS Observation Chart’. The Escalation Pathway was clearly set out 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 providing that for a MEWs of between 1 and 3 there should be consideration of increasing 
frequency of observations and “Inform Nurse in Charge”. 

2.  The evidence of the staff nurse caring for Mrs Allen during the evening of the 18 March was that 
he did not alert the Nurse in Charge when Mrs Allen’s MEWS went up to three (having gradually 
risen from 0 at the time of arrival) because A and E nurses had been told that this part of the 
escalation pathway did not apply in A and E. He did not consider increasing the frequency of her 
observations at the time but on reflections said they should have been hourly, he could not 
explain why he hadn’t done this. He went on to explain that since Mrs Allen’s death he has been 
told that he should escalate to the Nurse in Charge a patient with a MEWS between 1 and 3.  

3.  Evidence was provided from an ED Senior Sister that there is a Trust Standard Operating 

Procedure (SOP) for MEWS Triggers in the Emergency Department which is different to the Trust 
wide SOP. The rationale behind having a different Procedure in ED was said to be because 
Doctors are more widely available in ED than on the wards.  Within this SOP a MEWS of 
between 1 and 3 is not escalated to the Nurse in Charge. It was accepted by the witness that the 
rationale for a different procedure based on Doctor availability does not explain why the Nurse 
in Charge is not informed for a patient with a MEWs of 1 to 3. It was suggested that the 
explanation for this may in fact be because so many ED patients have a MEWS of between 1 and 
3 the Trust wide MEWS SOP would be unworkable. A copy of this Procedure was not put before 
the inquest but was said to still be in operation at Birmingham Heartlands Hospital. 
It therefore appears that there is not a consistent approach to MEWS SOP in Birmingham 
Heartlands ED: members of staff are being told different things and there appears to be a 
different procedure in operation to that set out in documents within patient records. There is a 
risk that staff within ED will not be taking a consistent, evidence based approach to MEWS and 
also that non ED based clinicians, reviewing patients in ED will not be aware of the difference in 
MEWS procedure operating in ED and therefore will expect a different escalation pathway. This 
could put lives at risk.  

4. 

6 

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you have the power to take 
such action.  

7 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, namely by  
28 August 2018. I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out the timetable for 
action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8 

COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested Persons, the next of 
kin of Mrs Kathleen Allen. I have also sent it to NHS England who may find it useful or of interest. 

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.  

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary form. He may send a 
copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful or of interest. You may make 
representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response, about the release or the publication of 
your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9 

04/07/2018 

Signature
Miss Emma Brown Area Coroner Birmingham and Solihull

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust (PDF)
University Hospitals Birmingham INHS

NHS Foundation Trust

Trust Headquart
Executive Office of the Chairman & Chief Executive meee Sei

Chairman ; Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham
Chief Executive : Mindelsohn Way
Executive Manager: Edgbaston
Fax 2 Birmingham

B15 2GW

Your Ref: | 124069- KATHLEEN MARGARET ALLEN (LH/RP) Tel: 0121 627 2000
Our Ref:  DRLTR/HUNT 2808 2018

28 August 2018

Mrs Louise Hunt

HM Senior Coroner
Birmingham and Solihull Areas
50 Newton Street

Birmingham B4 6E

Dear Mrs Hunt

INQUEST INTO THE DEATH OF MRS KATHLEEN MARGARET ALLEN -
REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS

| write in response to your letter dated 4 July 2018, regarding the Regulation 28
Report made by Miss Emma Brown, Area Coroner, following her investigation and
inquest into the death of Mrs Kathleen Margaret Allen on 27 June 2018.

University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust (the “Trust”) has carefully
considered the important matters of concern raised within the Prevention to Prevent
Future Deaths Report and the Trust's response is as follows:

The Trust recognises the concerns with regards to the apparent inconsistent
approach to the MEWS Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) in BHH ED and the
lack of consideration given to increasing the frequency of patient observations and
the lack of escalation to the Nurse in Charge as the clinical condition of the patient
deteriorated.

The MEWS escalation pathway in ED does differ from that which applies to the
wards. As the Area Coroner identified, the escalation pathway documented on the
back of Mrs Allen's MEWS Observation Chart required, for a MEWS score of
between 1 and 3, consideration of increasing the frequency of observations and
escalation to the Nurse in Charge. In ED, however, for a MEWS score between 1
and 3, there is an expectation that patient's observations are completed hourly, but
escalation to the Nurse in Charge is not routinely required unless there is an
overriding clinical concern or deterioration in the patient's condition (that is to say,
the MEWS is a safeguard, but clinical staff should not allow it to override their clinical
judgement).

Chair: Rt Hon Jacqui Smith Chief Executive: Dame Julie Moore

The rationale behind the differing escalation pathways is that, on initial presentation,
ED patients often have a MEWS score that, on a ward, would trigger escalation.
However, for many such patients, the ED rapid assessment, intervention and
treatment quickly reduces the MEWS score significantly. If the Trust ward MEWS
escalation pathway was applied to ED there would be an unnecessary level of
escalation for a cohort of patients with a MEWS between 1-3 who are stable and
have a management plan that is being followed to allow a period of time for the
prescribed treatment to take effect.

Whilst a different MEWS Observation Chart showing the ED specific escalation
pathway has not, historically, been used in ED, as part of their local departmental
induction, all ED staff are made aware of the ED specific MEWS escalation pathway
and are required to complete MEWS competencies and assessed using clinical
scenarios to ensure theory and practice is embedded.

Notwithstanding the induction process, the Trust accepts that the use of the ward
MEWS Observation Chart in ED can lead to confusion. Consequently, an ED-
specific MEWS Observation Chart has now been deployed for use in the BHH and,
Good Hope EDs, and the Solihull Minor Injuries Unit. Further, the ED MEWS SOP is
available for all directorate teams to access on the Trust intranet. The ED
directorate have circulated an email to the Divisional Directors across HGS sites
asking them to disseminate the ED MEWS SOP and remind their speciality clinical
teams that a separate escalation pathway for MEWS in ED is in use.

Finally, in relation to Mrs Allen, the named Nurse who was caring for her had
completed all his local departmental competencies. However, irrespective of any
confusion regarding the escalation pathway, Mrs Allen should have been escalated
to the Nurse in Charge notwithstanding her MEWS being between 1 and 3, because
of her deterioration. Unfortunately, the Nurse failed to recognise the gradual and
subtle changes in Mrs Allen's condition whilst in the Emergency Department. The
named Nurse responsible for the care of Mrs Allen has received a period of
supervised practice whilst working in a supernumerary capacity and has completed
targeted objectives relating to recognising and care of the deteriorating patient. This
has been managed using the Trust's Performance and Capability Policy.

| trust that the above addresses the concerns sufficiently. If you require any further
information, please do not hesitate to contact me.

Yours sincerely

7

Dr Dave Rosser

Deputy Chief Executive

cc Emma Brown, Area Coroner

pe Director of Corporate Affairs.

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