Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2018

Natalie Billingham

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2018-0274, written 27 Jul 2018. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report27 Jul 2018
Reference2018-0274
DeceasedNatalie Billingham
CoronerZafar Siddique
Coroner areaBlack Country
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses publishednone published

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28:  REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS  

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

1.  Chief Executive, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley Group NHD Foundations 

Trust 

2.  Care Quality Commission 

1 

CORONER 

I am Zafar Siddique, Senior Coroner, for the coroner area of the Black Country. 

2 

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On  the  14  March  2018,  I  commenced  an  investigation  into  the  death  of  Mrs  Natalie 
Billingham. The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on 13 July 2018. The 
conclusion of the inquest was a narrative conclusion of: 

Narrative: Following the Deceased's admission to hospital, a working diagnosis of Deep 
Vein  Thrombosis  was  made  based  on  the  history  and  positive  D-Dimer  test.    Her 
condition deteriorated rapidly and she was in disproportionate pain throughout her stay 
in  hospital  and  she  developed  necrotising  fasciitis.  There  were  failures  to  inspect 
abnormal  blood  test  results  at  an  earlier  stage  and  she  did  not  receive  appropriate 
treatment  with  antibiotics.  Although  this  reduced  her  chances  of  survival,  the  extent  to 
which this contributed to her death remained unclear. 

The cause of death was:   

Beta-haemolytic Streptococci Group A 

1a     Multiple Organ Failure 
  b 
  c   
CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

4 

i)  Mrs  Billingham  initially  attended  Sandwell  Hospital,  Sandwell  on  the  27 
February 2018 with complaints of pain to her right foot.  An x-ray confirmed 
no  fracture  or  significant  bruising  or  swelling  and  her  observations  were 
within  normal  range.    She  did  complain  of  pain  and  was  discharged  home 
with a prescription for pain relief medication.  

ii)  She  was  then  admitted  to  the  Emergency  Department  of  Russells  Hall 
Hospital,  Dudley,  on  the  28  February  2018  at  17:27  with  worsening  pain.  
She was suffering with symptoms of significant pain to her foot.   

iii)  A D-Dimer test was performed which was positive and a working diagnosis 
of  Deep  vein  thrombosis  was  made  by  the  Registrar  Doctor.  Despite  this 
working diagnosis no anticoagulant treatment was commenced. 

1 

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 iv)   The  NEWS  score  was  incorrectly  calculated  and  there  was  a  delay  in 
starting the sepsis pathway when abnormal blood tests were available.   

v)  There was no cubicle availability in the Emergency Department at the time 

due to capacity issues and she was given morphine for pain relief.  

vi)  At around 20:09 hours, laboratory results showed a rise in creatinine levels 
which may indicate an acute kidney injury.  These results were telephoned 
through to the department but were not referred to the relevant medical staff 
or details of the relevant staff member accurately recorded. 

vii)  She was administered further morphine throughout the evening and still had 

significant and disproportionate pain.   

viii) Efforts were made by nursing staff to escalate this to Clinicians and during 
the  morning  of  1  March  2018  she  deteriorated  rapidly  and  black 
lesions/blisters developed with necrotising fasciitis being diagnosed.   

ix)  Antibiotics had been prescribed at 1:38am but not given until after 3am.   

x)  Emergency  surgery  was  necessary  for  debridement  of  the  infected  tissue 

and a through knee amputation.    

xi)  Despite the intensive treatment and surgery she sadly passed away on the 

evening of the 2 March 2018. 

xii)  An internal investigation report highlighted the following issues: 

  The following care and service delivery problems were highlighted: 

  Registrar used another doctors IT login 

  CSW’s used a staff nurse IT login 

  Poor documentation on NEWS chart 

 

Incorrectly calculated NEWS 

  No Sepsis screening performed at point of trigger 

  No  assessment  of  capillary  refill  time  in  either  leg  recorded  by 

Registrar on initial review 

  Anticoagulation  therapy  not  commenced  when  working  diagnosis 

DVT 

  Time  zero  for  red  flag  sepsis  not  identified  and  sepsis  6  not 

commenced 

  Detail  on  Laboratory  system  does  not  provided  sufficient  detail  to 

identify who the results were phoned through to in ED 

  Elevated INR results not recognised 

  CRP and U&E results not accessed on Soarian by ED Registrar 

2 

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   No documentation to support the decision for the fluid challenge in 

ED  

  No  escalation  that  anticoagulation  treatment  not  prescribed  or 

commenced 

  No  escalation  of  concerns  raised  by  CSW  by  the  staff  nurse  or 

Nurse in Charge to the Registrar 

  Flucloxacillin 2gms not given when prescribed, delay in prescribing 

further antimicrobial therapy 

The following contributory factors were highlighted: 

  Pain disproportionate to injury/diagnosis 

  Blood results not accessed on Soarian 

  Sepsis 6 not commenced due to miscalculation of NEWS 

  Blood results phoned to ED and not escalated to medical staff 

The investigation undertaken concluded that the root cause(s) are:  

•  Failure by ED senior doctor to adequately assess the patient and record 
findings. 

•  Failure 
opportunities. 

to  assess  and 

interpret  blood  results,  despite  multiple 

•  Failure to calculate the NEWS correctly 

•  Failure  of  the  nursing  and  medical  staff  to  recognise  the  deteriorating 
septic patient. 

•  Failure of medical staff to assess patient when concerns were escalated 
by nursing staff 

5 

CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In 
my  opinion  there  is  a  risk  that  future  deaths  will  occur  unless  action  is  taken.  In  the 
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows.  –  

1.  Evidence emerged during the inquest that there was inadequate communication 

3 

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 and  delays  in  assessing  the  blood  results  when  available.    There  were  also 
missed  opportunities  for  administering  antibiotics  at  an  earlier  stage  and 
recognising the development of sepsis. 

6 

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you have the 
power to take such action.  

1.  You may wish to consider further reviewing the action plan submitted and whilst 
it  is  recognised  that  some  progress  has  been  made,  you  may  also  wish  to 
consider  reviewing  the  communication  and  training  issues  identified  during  the 
course of the inquest and in particular recognition of sepsis. 

7 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, 
namely by 20 September 2018. I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out 
the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8 

COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I  have  sent  a  copy  of  my  report  to  the  Chief  Coroner  and  to  the  following  Interested 
Persons; Family, CQC. 

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.  

The  Chief  Coroner  may  publish  either  or  both  in  a  complete  or  redacted  or  summary 
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful 
or  of  interest.  You  may  make  representations  to  me,  the  coroner,  at  the  time  of  your 
response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9 

 27 July 2018                                                   

Mr Zafar Siddique
Senior Coroner 
Black Country Area 

4 

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