Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2019

Marian Hoskins

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2019-0005, written 9 Jan 2019. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report9 Jan 2019
Reference2019-0005
DeceasedMarian Hoskins
CoronerAlison Hewitt
Coroner areaCity of London
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Organisation namedBarts Health NHS Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

Re : MARIAN  HOSKINS  DECEASED 

REGULATION  28  REPORT  TO  PREVENT  FUTURE  DEATHS 

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

1.  The Clinical Director, Medical Director and Director of Quality 

and Safety at Barts Health NHS Trust 

1  CORONER 

I am Alison Hewitt, HM Senior Coroner for the City of London. 

2  CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and 

Justice Act 2009 and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners 

(Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

I commenced an investigation into the death of Marian Hoskins.  The 

investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on 22 November 2018.  

My conclusion as to the death was that the Deceased : 

“Died as a result of a recognised complication of an investigative medical 
intervention.” 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4  CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

In October 2016 the Deceased was admitted to St Bartholomew’s Hospital 
having suffered an acute non-ST elevation myocardial infarction and she 
was treated by percutaneous stenting of the right coronary artery.  
Moderate to severe stenosis in the left anterior descending artery was 
noted and a plan was made for investigative pressure wire testing in 
order to assess the functional impact of the stenosis and whether stenting 
of the area was indicated. The evidence suggested that there was 
insufficient discussion with the Deceased to enable her to consider 
properly alternative non-invasive investigations but it was not possible to 
know whether sufficient discussion would have resulted in a different 
plan.  On the 14th December 2016 the Deceased underwent electively 
pressure wire testing in the course of which there was iatrogenic 
dissection of the artery.  This was quickly treated by stenting but the 
consequential impairment of blood flow to the distal artery caused the 
Deceased to suffer damage to the heart tissue and another heart attack.  
Further, the placement of the stent resulted in the loss of septal branches.  
As a result, over the following days the Deceased developed a ventricular 
septal defect.  Investigative imaging suggested that percutaneous 
intervention could be used successfully to repair the defect and this was 
attempted on the 28th December 2016.  However, it was not successful 
because of the extent of the damage which had in fact been caused by the 
infarction, and surgical repair was therefore attempted later the same 
day. Post-operative testing showed a small residual defect but further 
surgical treatment could not safely be undertaken.  The Deceased was 
given maximal support but, after a period of stability, her condition 
deteriorated.  An attempt to repair the residual defect percutaneously 
was made on the 10th January 2017 and was anatomically successful but 
on the 11th January 2017 the Deceased suffered multi-organ failure and 
she died. 

5  CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise 

to concern. In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur as a 

 
 
 
 
 result unless action is taken. In the circumstances it is my statutory duty 

to report to you. 

The MATTER OF CONCERN is as follows :  

As stated above, at the Inquest I found that in October 2016 the Deceased 

was admitted to St Bartholomew’s Hospital having suffered an acute 

non-ST elevation myocardial infarction and she was treated by 

percutaneous stenting of the right coronary artery.  Moderate to severe 

stenosis in the left anterior descending artery was noted and a plan was 

made for investigative pressure wire testing in order to assess the 

functional impact of the stenosis and whether stenting of the area was 

indicated. The evidence suggested that there was insufficient discussion 

with the Deceased to enable her to consider properly alternative non-

invasive investigations (although it was not possible to know whether 

sufficient discussion would have resulted in a different plan, not least 

because it was clear from the evidence that the clinical advice to the 

Deceased was and would have been that the invasive pressure wire 

testing was preferable to the non-invasive alternatives). 

From the evidence I heard it was apparent that the insufficient discussion 

with Mrs Hoskins about the investigatory options resulted, in large part 

at least, from the absence of a clear system and process designed to 

ensure that full and informed consent is obtained. In particular, the 

advice and decision making about the pressure wire testing was made (in 

principle at least) at about the time of her initial percutaneous stenting in 

October 2016 and without sufficient subsequent out-patient access to 

advice and discussion. 

Prior to the conclusion of the Inquest I received a statement dated 21 

November 2018 from 

, Director of Quality and Safety.  

 
  stated that the Trust has started a “major quality improvement 

project” to improve the process of gaining informed consent and he set 

out details of steps which have already been taken and those planned. In 

paragraph 10 of the statement it is noted that informed consent is a 

process that is undertaken over time and that the Trust’s current process 

does not include informed consent being obtained prior to the patient 

being admitted for a specific procedure. I am concerned that the 

insufficiency of the process in the Deceased’s case resulted largely from 

the absence /insufficiency of outpatient contact to enable full 

communication from the clinicians to the patient and family and vice 

versa, and that this situation persists.   

Although 

 statement indicates that the Trust “will work 

towards” informed consent being undertaken as an outpatient, the 

current absence of a system to facilitate informed consent being taken 

and to ensure it is obtained prior to the patient’s admission for the 

procedure in question, is of concern in relation to the prevention of future 

deaths. 

6  ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths by 

addressing the concerns set out above and I believe you have the power 

to take such action.  

7  YOUR RESPONSE 

 
 
 
 
 
 You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date 

of this report, namely by 6th March 2019.  I, the coroner, may extend the 

period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be 

taken, setting out the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain 

why no action is proposed. 

8  COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner, to the following 

Interested Persons and to the other organisations listed below which may 

find it useful or of interest. 

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your 

response.  

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted 

or summary form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who 

he believes may find it useful or of interest. You may make 

representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response, about the 

release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9  Alison Hewitt 

HM Senior Coroner 

9th January 2019

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Barts Health NHS Trust (PDF)
24 January 2020 

PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL 

Ms Alison Hewitt 
HM Senior Coroner  
City of London Coroner’s Court 
Walbrook Wharf 
78-83 Upper Thames Street  
London  
EC4R 3TD 

Trust Executive Office 
Ground Floor 
Pathology and Pharmacy Building 
The Royal London Hospital 
80 Newark Street 
London E1 2ES 

Telephone: 020 32460641 

Chief Medical Officer 

www.bartshealth.nhs.uk 

Dear Ms Hewitt 

RE: Regulation 28:  Report to Prevent Future Deaths 

I write in response to the recent Regulation 28:  Report to Prevent Future Deaths notice regarding the 
consent process that preceded a cardiology intervention procedure being undertaken on Mrs Marian 
Hoskins.  I acknowledge that there are improvements that need to be made in order to ensure that 
patients are fully briefed and able to provide their informed consent before undergoing elective surgical 
or interventional procedures and we need to ensure that sufficient time is allocated in outpatient clinics 
to allow for consent to be fully discussed before the day of a procedure. 

From  a  Trust  perspective  work  on  this  matter  has  been  led  by  the  Surgery  Network  board  who 
established a task and finish group to review consent processes and pathways for elective procedures 
across the Trust.  

The outcome of this group has been a proposed new Trust policy ‘Informed Consent and Supported 
Decision Making for Elective Surgical Procedures’. The draft policy is currently out for consultation and 
we anticipate this will be taken for approval at the Trust Policies Committee within the next 2-3 months. 

The policy clarifies that informed consent is a process that takes place over time in the outpatient clinic 
via interaction with health professionals and that “Surgeons and health professionals must be satisfied 
that their patient has received and understood sufficient information about their diagnosis – as well as 
the proposed treatment and its implications – to allow them to decide what they deem to be in line with 
their  own  values  and  wishes.  Different  options  for  treatment,  including  the  option  of  no  treatment, 
should be presented side by side and the benefits and material risks should be given objectively”. 

I have included the defined pathway for consent as an appendix. 

Following approval of this policy there will be on-going audit of performance, via the trust internal audit 
schedule, Quality and Safety meetings, hospital boards and via the surgical networks and the surgery 
board. Training and resource will be given where there are areas for improvement 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 St Bartholomew’s Hospital, where Mrs Hoskins was cared for, has already committed to a programme 
of improvement for consent. This commitment has been included as one of their Key Objectives for 
2019/20 and as such progress against this will be closely monitored by both the Hospital Management 
Board and by the Trust Executive team as part of our schedule of performance reviews.  

We  have  already  discussed  the  implications  of  proposed  changes  to  the  consent  policy  at  St 
Bartholomew’s Hospital (extended outpatient clinic times, consent documentation, revised Job Plans 
etc.).    We  realise  how  profound  a  change  the  shift  in  Consent  process  and  policy  will  be,  and  are 
determined to introduce at pace and ensure its rigorous implementation.  

Yours sincerely 

Chief Medical Officer  
Barts Health NHS Trust 

CC:  

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Appendix 1: Barts Health Process for obtaining consent for elective treatment

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