Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2019

Maia Strachan

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2019-0174, written 28 May 2019. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report28 May 2019
Reference2019-0174
DeceasedMaia Strachan
CoronerKaren Dilks
Coroner areaNewcastle Upon Tyne
CategoryChild Death (from 2015) · Hospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Organisation namedNorthumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text recovered by OCR from a scanned PDF. OCR is imperfect: check anything you rely on against the source PDF. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

Karen Dilks
Senior Coroner for the City of Newcastle upon Tyne

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:

1. Sir James Mackey, Chief Executive of Northumbria Health Trust,
North Tyneside Hospital, Rake Lane, North Shields, Tyne & Wear,
NE29 8NH

1 | CORONER

| am Karen L Dilks, Senior Coroner, for the Coroner area of the City of
Newcastle upon Tyne

2 | CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS

| make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice
Act 2009 and Regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations)
Regulations 2013.

3. | INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

On 10 July 2017 | commenced an investigation into the death Maia Hazel Ann
Strachan born on 6 July 2017 and died on the 7 July 2017.

The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on 17 April 2019.
The conclusion of the inquest was:

Medical Cause of death:

1a. Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy

1b. Complication of Shoulder Dystocia secondary to Macrosomia

2. Maternal Diabetes

Narrative Conclusion:

Died due to complications of shoulder dystocia to which missed opportunities
to reduce the risks of and diagnose severe foetal macrosomia contributed.

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH
Maia Hazel Ann Strachan was born on the 6 July 2017.

Her mother suffered from Diabetes and High Body Mass Index. Her Diabetes
was uncontrolled before the pregnancy and in its early stages.

This increased the risk of Foetal Macrosomia and consequently the risks of
delivery.

An ultrasound scan was performed on the 21 June 2017.

The images were suboptimal, an incorrect formula used to calculate foetal
weight and femur length inaccurate. This resulted in underestimation of foetal
weight and a missed opportunity to plan Maia’s delivery by Caesarean Section.

A plan for induction of labour was implemented on the 4 July 2017.

At approximately 10am on the 6 July 2017, an opportunity was missed for
delivery by Caesarean Section at mother’s request. Maia’s delivery was
thereafter complicated by Shoulder Dystocia and prolonged attempts to deliver
her which led to Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy and her death within the
Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne on 7 July 2017

Maia was severely Macrosomic weighing 5.1 kilograms at birth.

On the balance of probabilities, Maia would have survived if delivered by
Caesarean Section.

CORONER’S CONCERNS

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to
concern. In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths could occur unless
action is taken. In the circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you.

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows. —

(1) The ability to store sequential scan data specific to each patient and
provide alerts to the Sonographer.

This would facilitate comparison and prompt further investigation
potentially altering a patient’s care plan and outcome.

The Trust's plan to procure software to facilitate the above should be
urgently implemented.

(2) Asystem of joint obstetric and diabetic care operates without the facility
for clinicians to access patients’ obstetric and diabetic records whether
manually or electronically.

Accessibility is essential to inform clinical decisions and should be
urgently addressed

(3) Joint Decision Making: -

Provision of advice and explanation of the risks of pregnancy and the
risks/benefits of vaginal delivery or by Caesarean Section are essential to
ensure informed decision making.

The Trust should draft and implement a clear and comprehensive Local
Joint Decision Making Policy/Protocol.

(4) Foetal Scalp Electrode:

The use of Foetal Scalp Electrodes (FSE) provide critical information in
respect of foetal distress and the time implications thereof.

The Trust should draft and implement a clear and comprehensive Local
Policy/Protocol for FSE use.
(5) Suboptimal Documentation:

The Trust should implement a robust training and audit plan to address
the risks of this occurring in the future.

(6) The Findings and Conclusions of (independent Expert
Witness):
A redacted copy of HE <0 and conclusions should be
circulated to all obstetrics and gynaecology staff (both nursing and
medical) and all midwives.

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and | believe you
AND/OR your organisation have the power to take such action.

YOUR RESPONSE

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this
report, namely by 23 July 2019. |, the coroner, may extend the period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken,
setting out the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action
is proposed.

COPIES and PUBLICATION

| have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following

Interested Persons and to the North Tyneside Local
Safeguarding Board. | have also sent it to [J who may find it useful or

of interest.

Lam also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.

9 | 28 May 2019

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or
summary form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he
believes may find it useful or of interest. You may make representations to me,
the coroner, at the time of your response, about the release or the publication
of your response by the Chief Coroner.

ss

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Respondent Not Named (PDF)
INHS'

Northumbria Healthcare
NHS Foundation Trust

Patient Services and Quality Improvement
Northumbria House

Unit 7/8 Silver Fox Way

Cobalt Business Park

Newcastle upon Tyne

NE27 0QJ

3 Direct Line: (0191) 203 1356

Email: claims. patientservices@northumbria-healthcare.nhs.uk

Our ref: 17/18.Ing.11
Your ref: = KLDAWRD/STRACHAN/3024
22 July 2019

HM Senior Coroner Mrs Karen Dilks
Newcastle upon Tyne Coroners
Civic Centre

Barras Bridge

Newcastle upon Tyne

NE1 8QH

Dear HM Senior Coroner Mrs Dilks
Inquest into the Death of Maia Hazel Ann Strachan

On 17 April 2019 you held an inquest into the death of Maia Hazel Ann Strachan in which
you concluded a narrative conclusion advising that Maia Strachan died due to
complications ‘of shoulder dystocia to which missed opportunities to reduce the risks of and
diagnose severe fetal macrosomia contributed.

You acknowledged that actions had been taken by the Trust in respect of the issues
identified in this case; however you had a number of concerns that remained outstanding
and which you wished to be drawn to the attention of the Trust, which are details below
along with our response, as follows:

1. There was evidence of sub-optimal documentation in the medical notes and
you therefore require information from the Trust as to how this issue will be
addressed by midwives and Doctors.

Current training around the required standard for documentation has been reviewed
and is provided. as part of the PROMPT annual training for all team members
including midwives and obstetricians. The content of the training is informed by the
findings of a recently completed documentation audit.

This audit has until recently been completed annually however this has been
superseded by a recent agreement within the Surgical Business Unit for an ongoing
monthly audit of a specific number of notes in each speciality. There will be a

quarterly report generated and presented to the Board, the themes and learning will
be shared with the wider MDT team and this will also influence the training around
documentation. ’

You raised concern about the midwifery care in the second stage of labour;
and planned to share a redacted copy of the export report provided by Dr
Sparey for circulation to inform future practice.

Thank you for sharing the redacted report which | can confirm has been shared with
all Obstetrics & Gynaecology staff, including midwives to inform future practice.

You considered the issue of reporting a stillbirth, stating that it was expected
in future that all stillbirths would be referred to a Coroner and that whilst this is
not currently mandated this is likely to change. You therefore outlined your
expectation that any birth involving potential and avoidable intrapartum events
should be reported to or at least discussed with a coroner. You anticipate that
stillbirths will require an independent review initially by the medical examiner
and subsequently by the coroner and will therefore provide an increase in
investigations. You advise that you plan to contact the Trust directly to advise
of the need for Coronial input into training in anticipation of additional stillbirth
inquests.

The Trust has recently appointed medical examiners and discussions are in progress
to identify whether there is a requirement to include them into the current pathways
following bereavement in maternity services. Any further requirement to notify the
Coroner of any stillbirth would also be incorporated into local pathways. We look
forward to further discussions with you regarding Coronial input into training.

In addition to this the Healthcare Safety Investigation Branch (HSIB) has been asked
by NHS Improvement to undertake independent investigations into cases where the
inclusion criterion for Each Baby Counts has been met. The Trust was included in the
roll out of this reporting going live in March 2019.

The criterion for reporting cases to HSIB includes but is not limited to:

All babies born at or after 37+0 weeks gestation following labour with the following
outcome:

e Intrapartum stillbirth: when the baby was thought to be alive at the start of
labour but was born with no signs of life. This includes when:
«  Labour'was diagnosed by a healthcare professional. This includes the latent
phase of labour, i.e. less than 4cm dilatation
The mother called the unit to report any concerns of being in labour, for
example (but not limited to) abdominal pains, contractions or suspected
ruptured membranes
The baby was thought to be alive at induction of labour
The baby was thought to be alive following suspected or confirmed
premature ;
= rupture of membranes (PROM).

e Early neonatal death: when the baby died within the first week of life (i.e. days
0-6) of any cause
2

| hope this response is sufficient to address the additional concerns you raised and
provides you with assurances you require. '

If | am able to assist you further, please do not hesitate to contact me.

Yours sincerely

Marion Dickson’ a.
Executive Director of Nursing and Midwifery/Chief Operating Officer (Surgery)
On behalf of Sir James Mackey, Chief Executive

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