Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2022

Anthony McLellan

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2022-0207, written 5 Jul 2022. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report5 Jul 2022
Reference2022-0207
DeceasedAnthony McLellan
CoronerJoan Broadbridge
Coroner areaNorth Yorkshire and York
CategorySuicide (from 2015) · Mental Health related deaths
Organisation namedTees, Esk and Wear Valleys NHS Foundation Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

Regulation 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

NOTE:  This form is to be used after an inquest. 

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

1  Humber & N. Yorkshire Health & Care Partnership 
2  NHS England and NHS Improvement 

1  CORONER 

I am John BROADBRIDGE, Assistant Coroner for the coroner area of North Yorkshire and 
York 

2  CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On 13 July 2021 I commenced an investigation into the death of Antony Christopher 
MCLELLAN aged 54 (“Mr McLellan”).  The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest 
commenced part heard 1st  February and completed 01 July 2022.  The conclusion of the 
inquest was that Mr McLellan died because of suicide. 

4  CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

On 9 July 2021 the deceased was found unresponsive within the garage at his home at 

.  His death was recognised there at 14.19 hours that same 

 hanging by a ligature 

afternoon, later indicated as from the effects of that hanging. 

5  CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the investigation my inquiries revealed matters giving rise to concern. 
In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths could occur unless action is taken.  In the 
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows: 
(brief summary of matters of concern) 

1 Mr McLellan was diagnosed over 2016/16 as being autistic with a designation of 
Asperger’s Syndrome.  He was also diagnosed as experiencing Bipolar Disorder, an 
attribution he did not accept which he repeatedly asserted to both previous Mental Health 
care providers and the subsequent Trust clinicians tasked with supporting him at the time 
of his death, Tees Esk and Wear Valleys NHS Foundation Trust (“TEWV”) 

2  He insisted his difficulties were linked to his autism and not mental disorder.  It was 
accepted that he experienced autism and that was part of his individuality and that 
in addition he may have had a mental health disorder.  It was accepted that his 
care and treatment cannot unbundle the two but he should be treated holistically. 

3  Assessment and formulation of risks and safety summary did not fully explore the 

impact of his autism.  There was little to suggest that TEWV staff a) considered the 
higher prevalence of suicide for individuals with a diagnosis of autism and b) that 

OFFICIAL - SENSITIVE 

Regulation 28 – After Inquest 
Document Template Updated 30/07/2021 

 
 Mr McLellan may have communicated his distress and risks information differently 
to an individual without a diagnosis of autism during his periods of crisis or 
increased risk and c) made sufficient reasonable adjustments in relation to the 
impact of his autism. 

4  At the time of his death, TEWV had progressed from a low baseline in the Trust’s 
work in North Yorkshire to address perceived underdevelopment in their services 
for the autistic patient when presenting with a mental health disorder.  It had 
expanded the use of a specialist team (Autism Project Team- “APT”) to extend its 
work into North Yorkshire caseload.  The steps taken were incremental and not all 
staff understood that Team and access to that important resource.  It is recognised 
that improvements would take time and be resource dependent as well however. 

5  APT has three specialist and autism dedicated practitioners working exclusively with 
autism across the whole Trust in both its regions of commissioned care although 
there are also non-dedicated clinicians with some expertise of autism within TEWV. 
TEWV does not treat autism in North Yorkshire. 

6  TEWV in its recent audit indicates about 17% of the individuals open to TEWV (over 
10,000 in number) have an autism marker ie have an ICD-10 diagnosis of autism 
or experience suspected/confirmed autism or have a referral including being 
suspected as autistic. 

7  There was no direct causation to the suicide found that directly attributed the acts 
he took to his autism from the evidence.  However Mr McLellan’s distress and 
stressors before his death included his feelings that he was not getting what he saw 
to be the right help and that he would not lose his feelings of helplessness such that 
he took his own life. 

The concern is that the very significant number of those open to TEWV with an autism 
marker has increased and will continue to do so and that the higher prevalence of suicide 
within that expanding group will lead to higher risk of, and numbers of, autistic individuals 
dying because of suicide both within TEWV locality but also nationally. 

Urgent solutions are required to prevent further deaths of autistic individuals especially 
those with mental health disorder by rapidly improving and expanding provisions for 
assessment and management of risk of harm to themselves for individuals within the 
autism spectrum while presenting with a mental health disorder. 

6  ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you (and/or 
your organisation) have the power to take such action. 

7  YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, 
namely by 30 August, 2022.  I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out the 
timetable for action.  Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8  COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested 
Persons 

I have also sent it to the CEO Tees Esk and Wear Valleys NHS Foundation Trust 

OFFICIAL - SENSITIVE 

Regulation 28 – After Inquest 
Document Template Updated 30/07/2021 

 who may find it useful or of interest. 

I am also under a duty to send a copy of your response to the Chief Coroner and all 
interested persons who in my opinion should receive it. 

I may also send a copy of your response to any person who I believe may find it useful or 
of interest. 

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary form. 
He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful or of 
interest. 

You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response about the 
release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9  Dated: 05/07/2022 

John BROADBRIDGE 
Assistant Coroner for 
North Yorkshire and York 

OFFICIAL - SENSITIVE 

Regulation 28 – After Inquest 
Document Template Updated 30/07/2021

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from NHS England (PDF)
Mr John Broadbridge 
Assistant Coroner 
North Yorkshire and York Coroner’s Court 
The Old Courthouse 
3 Racecourse Lane 
Northallerton 
North Yorkshire 
DL7 8QZ 

National Medical Director  
NHS England  
Wellington House 
133-155 Waterloo Road  
London 
SE1 8UG 

17 April 2023  

Dear Mr Broadbridge 

Re:  Regulation  28  Report  to  Prevent  Future  Deaths  –  Antony  Christopher 
McLellan who died on 09 July 2021  

Thank you for your Report to Prevent Future Deaths (hereafter “Report”) dated 05 July 
2022  concerning  the  death  of  Antony  Christopher  McLellan  on  09  July  2021.  In 
advance of responding to the specific concerns raised in your Report, I would like to 
express my deep condolences to Mr McLellan’s family and loved ones. NHS England 
are  keen  to  assure  the  family  and  the  Coroner  that  the  concerns  raised  about  Mr 
McLellan’s care have been listened to and reflected upon. 

I  would  like  to  apologise  for  the  delay  in  responding  to  your  Report.  This  was 
unfortunately due to an administrative oversight during a particularly pressurised time 
for the NHS, and I would like to offer my sincere apologies to Mr McLellan’s friends 
and  family  for  this  as  well  as  assurances  that  we  have  reviewed  our  processes  to 
prevent  it  from  taking  place  again.  I realise  that  responses  to  Coroner  Reports  can 
form part of the important process of family and friends coming to terms with what has 
happened to their loved ones and appreciate this will have been an incredibly difficult 
time for them.   

Following the inquest, you raised concerns in your Report regarding the fact that the 
assessment  and  formulation  of  risks  and  safety  summary  did  not  fully  explore  the 
impact of Mr McLellan’s autism, including your concern of a higher level of prevalence 
of  suicide  in  individuals  with  an  autistic  marker  both  locally  and  nationally.  You 
considered  that  urgent  solutions  were  required  to  prevent  further  deaths  of  autistic 
individuals, especially those with a mental health disorder, by rapidly improving and 
expanding provisions for assessment and management of risk of harm to themselves. 

As of 1 July 2022, all health and social care providers registered with the Care Quality 
Commission (CQC) must ensure that their staff receive training on learning disabilities 
and autism appropriate to their role. The training aims to ensure the health and care 
workforce  have  the  right  skills  and  knowledge  to  provide  safe,  compassionate  and 
informed care to autistic people with a learning disability.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 The training comes in two tiers:  

•  Tier 1 for staff who need a general awareness of the support autistic people or 

people with a learning disability may need; 

•  Tier 2 is a one-day face-to-face training session for people who many need to 
provider care and support for autistic people or people with a learning disability 
or  autistic  people  co-delivered  by  a  trainer  and  a  person  with  a  learning 
disability and an autistic person.  

An eLearning package is the first part of both Tier 1 and Tier 2 and is available through 
Health Education England (HEE). HEE are building the capacity and capability within 
ICBs to create a sustainable model. Please see link to FAQs – The Oliver McGowan 
Mandatory  Training  on  Learning  Disability  and  Autism  |  Health  Education  England 
(hee.nhs.uk)-   and  e-learning  is  here:  The  Oliver  McGowan  Mandatory  Training  on 
Learning Disability and Autism – e learning for healthcare (e-lfh.org.uk)  

Your  Report  highlights  the  importance  of  ensuring  that  there  is  high  quality  care 
tailored  to  individual  needs  when  mental  health  services  are  accessed  by  autistic 
individuals.  In  particular,  care  should  be  reasonably  adjusted  and  delivered  by 
multidisciplinary staff, who may be working across inpatient, outpatient and community 
mental  health  services,  and  who  have  knowledge  and  awareness  of  autism.  Staff 
working in acute settings, including psychiatric liaison, the designated place of safety 
(136 suite), home treatment teams and the crisis line, may require additional specialist 
training  around  assessment  of  mental  health  and  emotional  wellbeing  in  autistic 
individuals. Linking in with the autism service is key for the mental health services.  

In  January  2023,  NHS  England  published  a  new  policy  with  the  aim  of  preventing 
unnecessary  hospital  admission  for  people  with  a  learning  disability  and  autistic 
people.  This  includes  new  guidance  on  the  implementation  of  dynamic  support 
registers  and  updates  to  the  Care  (Education)  and  treatment  reviews  that  will  help 
support  good  practice  across  mental  health  inpatient  and  community  services  for 
autistic 
here: 
found 
policy 
https://www.england.nhs.uk/publication/dynamic-support-register-and-care-
education-and-treatment-review-policy-and-guide/#heading-1.  

individuals. 

The 

can 

be 

The NHS Long Term Plan, which is a plan for the future of the NHS, also  includes 
ambitious investment to expand and transform community mental health services for 
adults  and  older  adults  with  severe  mental  illness.  From  April  2021,  all  areas  are 
receiving significant  additional, ring-fenced  funding on  a fair-share  basis to develop 
fully integrated primary and community mental health services, that enable people with 
severe mental illness to have greater choice and control over their care and support 
them  to  live  well  in  their  communities.  By  2023/24,  this  investment  will  amount  to 
almost £1billion extra per year for adults and older adults with severe mental illness. 
Severe mental illness in this context is defined as ‘a range of needs and diagnoses, 
including  psychosis,  bipolar  disorder,  personality  disorder,  eating  disorders,  severe 
depression,  and  mental  health  rehabilitation  needs  –  some  of  which  may  be  co-
existing  with  other 
impairment, 
neurodevelopmental conditions or substance use’. The Long Term Plan also includes 
a  commitment  to  ensuring  that  the  whole  of  the  NHS  works  to  improve  its 

such  as 

conditions 

cognitive 

frailty, 

 
 
 understanding of the needs of people with learning disabilities and autistic people, to 
include increased investment in intensive and community support.   

The Humber and North Yorkshire Integrated Care Board (ICB) is the Commissioner 
that  has  adopted  the  contracts  which  were  held  by  NHS  North  Yorkshire  Clinical 
Commissioning Group (CCG) and have shared their response with me.  

The CCG (and now ICB) commission Tees, Esk, Wear Valley NHS Trust (TEWV) to 
provide the Mental Health provision to the residents of North Yorkshire. This would be 
the case whatever the Mental Health condition is and whether that is suspected, being 
assessed or diagnosed. The contract requires this provision of service. In addition to 
this where an individual with mental health conditions also has a diagnosis of autism, 
the contractual expectation would be that TEWV would make reasonable adjustments 
to their service to ensure that it is delivered to meet the needs of those individuals with 
autism and a mental health condition.  

I would also like to provide further assurances on the national NHSE work taking place 
around the Reports to Prevent Future Deaths. All reports received are discussed by 
the Regulation 28 Working Group, comprising Regional Medical Directors and other 
clinical and quality colleagues from across the regions. This ensures that key learnings 
and insights around events, such as the sad death of Mr McLellan, are shared across 
the NHS at both a national and regional level and helps us to pay close attention to 
any emerging trends that may require further review and action. 

Thank you for bringing these important patient safety issues to my attention and please 
do not hesitate to contact me should you need any further information. 

Yours sincerely, 

National Medical Director

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