Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2024

Ernest Smith

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2024-0144, written 14 Mar 2024. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report14 Mar 2024
Reference2024-0144
DeceasedErnest Smith
CoronerSonia Hayes
Coroner areaEssex
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Organisation namedThe Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28:  REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS (1) 

NOTE: This form is to be used after an inquest. 

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

1.  Chief Executive Officer of Princess Alexandra NHS Trust 

1 

2 

3 

4 

CORONER 

I am Sonia Hayes, Area Coroner, for the coroner area of Essex 

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice 
Act 2009 and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 
2013. 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On  20  April  2023  an  investigation  was  commenced  into  the  death  of  Ernest 
Smith,  aged  77  years.  Ernest  Smith  died  on  10  April  2023.  The  investigation 
concluded  at  the  inquest  on  26  February  2024.  The  conclusion  of  the  inquest 
was  narrative:  Mr  Smith  developed 
to 
prophylactic  anticoagulation  for  venous  thromboembolism. Mr  Smith  developed 
septic infection that did not respond to treatment. 

leg  haematoma  secondary 

left 

With  a  medical  cause  of  death  of  1a  Sepsis  1b  Hospital  Acquired  Pneumonia 
and Infected Haematoma 1c Haematoma Secondary to Anticoagulation, 2 Type 
II  Diabetes  Mellitus,  Chronic  Kidney  Disease  and  Chronic  Obstructive 
Pulmonary Disease 

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

Ernest  Smith  died  at  the  Princess  Alexandra  Hospital  on  10  April  2023  due  to 
Sepsis  due  to  Hospital  Acquired  Pneumonia  and  Infected  Haematoma.  The 
Haematoma  was  secondary  to  Anticoagulation  in  a  background  of  Type  II 
Diabetes Mellitus, Chronic Kidney Disease and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary 
Disease.  Mr  Smith  was  admitted  to  hospital  on  22  February  2023  unwell.  Mr 
Smith  received  prophylactic  anticoagulation  to  prevent  blood  clots  and  was 
noted to have stripe type bruising on his lower limbs on 10 March and required a 
medical  review  that  was  undertaken  on  the  evening  of  12  March  and  the 
anticoagulation was stopped on 13th March following the development of a left 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 leg  haematoma  requiring  surgical  evacuation  and  debridement.  Mr  Smith  was 
discharged  for  rehabilitation  on  17  March  and  readmitted  on  23  March  with 
bleeding from the haematoma. Mr Smith was noted to have purulent infection on 
30  March  and  the  surgical  team  awaited  advice  from  Broomfield  Hospital. 
Antibiotics were commenced on 3 April and Mr Smith was septic on 4 April and 
underwent  debridement  of  his  haematoma  on  5  April.  Mr  Smith  continued  on 
antibiotic  therapy  on  the  advice  of  microbiology  and  developed  pneumonia,  he 
deteriorated over 9th April and 10 April. 

5 

CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During  the  course  of  the  inquest  the  evidence  revealed  matters  giving  rise  to 
concern. In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action 
is taken. In the circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows.  –  

a.  Medical  review  requested  on  10  March  by  nurses  due  to  concerns 
about the acute development of bilateral bruising on Mr Smith’s legs. 
This  request  was  chased  by  nurses  on  11  March  and  was  not 
conducted until the evening of 12 March.  

b.  A  further  medical  review  was  conducted  in  the  early  hours  of  13 
March  as  Mr  Smith  was  in  pain  and  had  developed  a  leg 
haematoma.  
It  took  3  days  for  consultant  review  of  Mr  Smith.  On  13  March  Mr 
Smith  was  reviewed  by  a  consultant  from  another  ward  and 
prophylactic anticoagulation was discontinued.  

c. 

d.  Mr Smith was medically reviewed and considered fit for discharge on 
30  March.  A  tissue  viability  nurse  review  that  day  noted  an  infected 
for 
leg  haematoma  and 
consideration of washout and debridement.  

recommended  a  surgical 

referral 

6 

7 

e.  Antibiotics  for the  infected  haematoma  were  not  commenced  until  3 

April.  

f.  Sepsis was highlighted by the Trust surgical team on 3 April and the 

Sepsis Protocol was not followed.  
.  

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you 
and your organisation have the power to take such action.  

YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this 
report, namely by 9 May 2024. I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

Your  response  must  contain  details  of  action  taken  or  proposed  to  be  taken, 
setting out the timetable for action. Otherwise, you must explain why no action is 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 proposed. 

COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I  have  sent  a  copy  of  my  report  to  the  Chief  Coroner  and  to  the  following 
Interested Persons: 

•  Wife of Mr Smith 

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.  

The  Chief  Coroner  may  publish  either  or  both  in  a  complete  or  redacted  or 
summary  form.  He  may  send  a  copy  of  this  report  to  any  person  who  he 
believes may find it useful or of interest. You may make representations to me, 
the coroner, at the time of your response, about the release or the publication of 
your response by the Chief Coroner. 

8 

9 

14 March 2024                     

HM Area Coroner for Essex Sonia Hayes 

3

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Princess Alexandra Hospital (PDF)
Hamstel Road 
Harlow 
Essex 
CM20 1QX 

7th May 2024 

Private and Confidential 

Area Coroner Sonia Hayes 
Essex Coroner’s Court 
Chelmsford County Hall 
Victoria Road 
Chelmsford 
CM1 1QH 

Dear Coroner Hayes, 

I write in the matter of the late Ernest Smith in response to your recent Regulation 28 Report 
to prevent future deaths. 

Mr Smith was admitted to Princess Alexandra Hospital on 22nd February 2023 following a 
fall. He tested positive for Covid-19 and was transferred to Kingsmoor ward whilst waiting for 
a care package before he could be discharged. He was asymptomatic on the ward until 11th 
March when he developed a painful swelling on his left calf. This was scanned and 
increased in size and noted to be a haematoma. His VTE prophylaxis (Heparin) was stopped 
and on 13th March he had an evacuation procedure undertaken by the Orthopaedic team. 
On 15th March he was discharged to St Margaret’s Hospital for rehabilitation. 

Mr Smith was readmitted to Princess Alexandra Hospital on 24th March where he was cared 
for on Winter ward. His case was discussed by the Orthopaedic team and in accordance 
with established protocol, advice regarding his haematoma was requested from the plastic 
surgery team at Broomfield Hospital. The advice from Broomfield was received on 4th April 
whereupon a wash out and debridement of his haematoma took place on 5th April. 
Unfortunately despite on-going care, Mr Smith deteriorated and sadly passed away on 10th 
April 2023. 

I note that the areas of concern which you have raised appear to relate to three distinct 
points. To address these points, we have developed a number of actions. Whilst some are 
still ongoing, I am confident that the Trust is on course to deliver the necessary changes to 
ensure that there are no further risks of severe harm or deaths from the points you have 
raised.   

Points a b & c- A delay in conducting a medical review  

We agree that there was a delay in conducting a medical review for Mr Smith from Friday 
10th until Sunday 12th March. Since Mr Smith’s admission, the doctors on call now have an 
additional formal ‘tasks’ list using an established software tool called Nervecentre. All 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      
 
 outstanding ‘tasks’ relating to patients are now articulated between day and night 
teams during the clinical handover of patients using this list. Coordination for the 
care of patients out of hours is the responsibility of a dedicated Hospital at Night team.  

Point d & e – A delay in the administration of antibiotics from Thursday 30th March until 
Monday 3rd April.   

We agree that there was a delay in commencing intravenous antibiotics. However, Mr Smith 
was prescribed a broad spectrum oral antibiotic (Doxycycline) which would have been 
appropriate for his haematoma, given his allergy to Penicillin. Despite him having declined 
the first dose on 25th March, it was then administered 100mgs daily from 26th March.  

Point f- A failure to reinforce the Sepsis 6 protocol.  

We agree that we did not implement ‘Sepsis 6’ formally in Mr Smith’s case. Since his 
episode of care, we have taken steps to improve the management of Sepsis at the Trust. We 
have been successful in recruitment into a Sepsis Lead Nurse position. This role includes 
ensuring Trust-wide compliance with the Sepsis 6 protocol. She is currently working towards 
ensuring 100% compliance to Sepsis training in all of our clinical areas, and the inclusion of 
Sepsis training as part of our mandatory training programme for all clinical staff, to be 
extended in due course to non-clinical staff.  

We have also implemented a Sepsis awareness programme, part of which included a Sepsis 
Awareness Day on 21st March 2024 which was well very attended by staff. We remain 
committed to cyclical audits and improvement programmes relating to Sepsis.  

I hope this letter helps address the concerns raised in your Regulation 28 notice for 
prevention of future deaths. 

Please do not hesitate to contact me if you require any further details. 

 Yours sincerely 

Medical Director

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