Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2024

Champagauri and Dipak Bhatt

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2024-0677, written 6 Dec 2024. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report6 Dec 2024
Reference2024-0677
DeceasedChampagauri and Dipak Bhatt
CoronerPeter Straker
Coroner areaLondon (North)
CategoryProduct related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published8

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

North London Coroner’s Service, 
Barnet, Brent, Enfield, Haringey and Harrow, 
Barnet Coroner’s Court, 
29 Wood Street, London, EN5 4BE 
E-mail: 

The 
Coroner’s 
Service 

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE 

DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

, Chief Executive 
Office of Product Safety Standards 
4th Floor Cannon House 
18 The Priory Queensway 
Birmingham 
B4 6BS 
C/O: 

, Chief Executive 

 & 

 & 

British Standards Institute 
389 Chiswick High Road 
London 
W4 4AL 
C/O: 

The Home Office Fire Policy Team 
Direct Communications Unit 
2 Marsham Street 
London 
SW1P 4DF 
C/O: 

National Fire Chief’s Council 
71-75 Shelton Street 
Covent Garden 
London 
WC2H 9JQ 
C/O: 

, Chief Executive 

Association of Manufacturers of Domestic Electrical Appliances 
Vintage House 
36-37 Albert Embankment 
London 
SE1 7TL 
Email: 
C/O:

, Chief Executive 

Chartered Trading Standards Institute 
1 Sylvan Court Sylvan Way 
Southfields Business Park 
Basildon 
Essex 
SS15 6TH 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 C/O: 

 & 

, Managing Director 

Hotpoint UK Appliances Limited 
Morley Way 
Peterborough 
PE2 9JB 
C/O: 

, Chief Executive North 

Yorkshire Council 
County Hall 
Northallerton DL7 
8AD 
C/O:

 & 

 
 
 
 1  CORONER 

I am Mr P. Straker, Assistant Coroner for the coroner area of the Northern District of 
Greater London 

2  CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 and 
regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On the 17th of May 2023 I commenced investigations into the deaths of Champagauri and Dipak 
Bhatt. The investigations concluded on the 15th of November 2024 after inquests held over the 6th, 
7th and 8th of November 2024. 
The inquests had the following short narrative conclusions: 

(a)  Following a fire caused by an electrical fault in the tumble dryer, Champagauri Bhatt died 

from the resulting inhalation injury. 

(b)  Following a fire caused by an electrical fault in the tumble dryer, Dipak Bhatt died from the 

resulting inhalation injury. 

4  CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

On the evening of 29th  of March 2023 a fire caused by an electrical fault in the tumble dryer at 

Edgware  caused  Champagauri  and  Dipak  Bhatt  to  die  from  inhalation  injuries. 
There was a 10% chance the EMI filter caused the fire and a 90% chance the condensate pump 
caused the fire. 

5  CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the inquest a London Fire Brigade witness made suggestions for more effective data sharing 
and use and It was apparent future deaths may occur unless action is taken. In the circumstances it 
is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows. – 

(1)  That ingress of moisture into condensate pumps may result in tracking faults causing resistive 

heating and fire. 

(2)  That changes in information management would result in better analysis of, and learning 

from, white goods fires. 

(3)  Manufacturers to give the and Office of Product Safety Standards (OPSS) as the regulator and 

London Fire Brigade (LFB) to support their fire prevention work data on parts replaced on warrantyee for 
condensate pumps and RFI filters. 

(4)  Working group CPL / 61 look at standards of manufacture of mains and sub mains operated 

condensate pumps and RFI filters, to improve standards. 

(5)  Manufacturers  to  share  data  on  decisions  and  rationale  behind  recall  /  replacement  of 
condense pumps and RFI filters Office of Product Safety Standards (OPSS) as the  regulator 
and London Fire Brigade to support their fire prevention work. 

(6)  Companies investigating fires to notify Trading Standards and the Office of Product Safety 

Standards (OPSS) of the outcome of those investigations. 

(7)  Manufacturers to be required to use the OPSS risk assessment methodology, PRISM, when 
conducting  risk  assessments  to  account  for  persons  in  a  property  and  their  actions,  i.e. 
sleeping whilst a product is taking advantage of lower electricity rates. 

(8)  Identification plates on appliances that will not be destroyed by fire akin to those on vehicles. 

6  ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you and your organisation 
have the power to take such action. 

 
 
 7  YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, namely by 
Friday 31 January 2024, I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out the timetable 
for action. Otherwise, you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8  COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested Persons; - 

1.  The family of Ms Champaguri and Mr Dipak Bhatt 
2.  London Fire Brigade 
3.  Hotpoint 

9  Date: 06/12/2024

Responses

8 responses published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Association of Manufacturers of Domestic Appliances (PDF)
28 January 2025 

To Mr P. Straker,  
Assistant Coroner, 
North London Coroner’s Service 
Barnet Coroner’s Court 
29 Wood Street.  
London. EN5 4BE 

Re: AMDEA Response to Coroner's Report  

Dear Mr Straker, 

Thank you for your regula(cid:415)on 28 report to prevent future deaths, dated 6 December 2024, 
concerning the fire incident involving a domes(cid:415)c appliance and resul(cid:415)ng in the tragic deaths of 
Messrs and Mses Champagauri and Dipak Bha(cid:425). We appreciate the thorough inves(cid:415)ga(cid:415)on, and the 
concerns raised in your report. 

We have carefully reviewed the content of the findings and address below each point of concern in 
turn. AMDEA remains commi(cid:425)ed to collabora(cid:415)ng with industry stakeholders to enhance product 
safety and will con(cid:415)nue to share insights at na(cid:415)onal and interna(cid:415)onal standards development 
commi(cid:425)ee mee(cid:415)ngs. These ongoing efforts aim to drive con(cid:415)nuous improvement, enhancing 
informa(cid:415)on management, sharing best prac(cid:415)ces, and upholding the highest safety standards across 
our sector.  

We value the opportunity to contribute to the preven(cid:415)on of future deaths and are commi(cid:425)ed to 
working closely with the Office of Product Safety Standards (OPSS), the London Fire Brigade (LFB), 
and other relevant bodies to implement effec(cid:415)ve solu(cid:415)ons.  

Please do not hesitate to reach out if further clarifica(cid:415)on is required. 

Yours sincerely, 

CEO, AMDEA 

AMDEA
Vintage House
36 – 37 Albert Embankment
London SE1 7TL
Tel.: +44(0)20 7405 0666
info@amdea.org.uk

Registered in England No. 1465823

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (1) That ingress of moisture into condensate pumps may result 
in tracking faults causing resis(cid:415)ve hea(cid:415)ng and fire. 

AMDEA and its membership are commi(cid:425)ed to promo(cid:415)ng product safety and addressing poten(cid:415)al hazards 
such as moisture ingress into condensate pumps, which may lead to tracking faults, resis(cid:415)ve hea(cid:415)ng, and 
fires. AMDEA and its members are also commi(cid:425)ed to promo(cid:415)ng product safety and sharing of hazard-
related informa(cid:415)on through our Safety Liaison Panel (SLP) func(cid:415)on.  

Our membership ac(cid:415)vely inves(cid:415)gates public usage data, service feedback and field findings to 
con(cid:415)nuously improve product designs. These efforts include considera(cid:415)ons for all components within a 
product. The condensate pump is called out specifically within the coroner’s report. However, members 
design teams consider all component posi(cid:415)oning and seal and enhance moisture protec(cid:415)on for all 
components and therefore mi(cid:415)gate water ingress risks. Manufacturers rigorously test products to ensure 
compliance with safety standards outlined in legisla(cid:415)on such as the ‘Electrical Equipment (Safety) 
Regula(cid:415)ons 2016’ under     Schedule 2, where the technical documenta(cid:415)on held by the manufacturer 
“must make it possible to assess the electrical equipment's conformity to the relevant requirements and 
must include an adequate analysis and assessment of the risk(s).” 

In prac(cid:415)ce, our members are working itera(cid:415)vely and con(cid:415)nuously risk assessing, then revisi(cid:415)ng design 
based on ongoing life tes(cid:415)ng, user findings and field feedback allowing manufacturers to enhance the 
sealing and protec(cid:415)on of said components. Furthermore, they are conduc(cid:415)ng rigorous tes(cid:415)ng to ensure 
that products con(cid:415)nue to meet and even exceed the safety standards they are aligned too and ensuring 
any tracking faults are reduced and handled in the risk assessments therefore reducing likelihood of any 
resis(cid:415)ve hea(cid:415)ng and fire. 

It is worth no(cid:415)ng that manufacturers recommend that large appliances be repaired by qualified 
professionals, unless otherwise stated. Adherence to manufacturer specifica(cid:415)on spares is important for 
maintaining the safety and performance of appliances, as improper servicing or the use of non-approved 
parts can compromise product integrity and increase safety related risks. 

We would be interested in learning more about this specific issue to ensure our efforts remain aligned 
with emerging safety concerns and will be adding this as a topic of discussion at our Safety Liaison Panel 
mee(cid:415)ngs. 

AMDEA’s members incorporate comprehensive design procedures, including DFMEA (Design Failure 
Modes Effects and Analysis) and adap(cid:415)ve risk assessment processes, which are con(cid:415)nuously re-evaluated 
as new findings emerge. Our members adhere to the latest versions of the EN IEC and BSI standards, 
including 60335-1 for general appliance safety and IEC 60335-2-11 specific to tumble dryers. These 
standards include clause 15, which focuses on moisture resistance with tests simula(cid:415)ng real world 
condi(cid:415)ons to prevent electrical hazards related to moisture ingress. Addi(cid:415)onally, IEC 60529, which defines 
the interna(cid:415)onally recognised IP (Ingress Protec(cid:415)on) code and used across mul(cid:415)ple industries, guides 
manufacturers in designing enclosures that withstand environmental factors, such as water exposure. 

AMDEA and its membership remain commi(cid:425)ed to collabora(cid:415)ng with industry stakeholders to enhance 
product safety and share insights at na(cid:415)onal and interna(cid:415)onal standards development commi(cid:425)ee 
mee(cid:415)ngs. These efforts aim to drive con(cid:415)nuous improvement, share best prac(cid:415)ces, and uphold the 
highest safety standards across the sector. 

AMDEA
Vintage House
36 – 37 Albert Embankment
London SE1 7TL
Tel.: +44(0)20 7405 0666
info@amdea.org.uk

Registered in England No. 1465823

 
 
 
 
 
 
 (2) That changes in informa(cid:415)on management would result in 
be(cid:425)er analysis of, and learning from, white goods fires. 

AMDEA is strongly in favour of effec(cid:415)ve informa(cid:415)on management, which allows for detailed analysis 
and con(cid:415)nuous improvements in mi(cid:415)ga(cid:415)ng white goods fires. Members rely on a variety of data 
sources including reports from consumers, Fire Services, and regulatory agencies to inform their own 
risk assessments and design processes. As appliances become increasingly connected, this data is 
also shared directly with the manufacturer to further feed into these processes.  

AMDEA holds monthly mee(cid:415)ngs with LFB and OPSS to discuss areas of concern and emerging trends. 
Addi(cid:415)onally, through our bi-annual Safety Liaison Panel mee(cid:415)ngs, we collaborate closely with our 
members, Fire Services, Trading Standards and OPSS’s data team. These mee(cid:415)ngs focus on 
iden(cid:415)fying trends and staying informed about changes in product and fire safety.  

To further strengthen our efforts, we have recently implemented an annual comprehensive data 
management colla(cid:415)on system. This system collates data from a variety of sources including OPSS and 
anonymised data from our membership. This collected data enables us to further analyse and 
disseminate safety related informa(cid:415)on related to specific appliances. This exercise has already 
proven instrumental in iden(cid:415)fying trends, suppor(cid:415)ng targeted incident analysis, and driving safety 
enhancements at Interna(cid:415)onal IEC standards level. 

AMDEA remains commi(cid:425)ed to refining the system annually to ensure it con(cid:415)nues to serve as a 
valuable tool in improving safety outcomes and reducing the risk of white goods fires. 

AMDEA
Vintage House
36 – 37 Albert Embankment
London SE1 7TL
Tel.: +44(0)20 7405 0666
info@amdea.org.uk

Registered in England No. 1465823

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (3) Manufacturers to give the Office of Product Safety 
Standards (OPSS), as the regulator, and London Fire Brigade 
(LFB), informa(cid:415)on to support their fire preven(cid:415)on work data 
on parts replaced on warranty for condensate pumps and RFI 
filters. 
We fully support the efforts of the Office of Product Safety Standards (OPSS) and the London Fire 
Brigade (LFB) in enhancing fire preven(cid:415)on and recognise the importance of sharing relevant data to 
enhance safety outcomes.  

One of our key ini(cid:415)a(cid:415)ves, AMDEA’s “Register my Appliance” campaign and website  Home - Register 
My Appliance supported by Fire Services and other stakeholders enables homeowners to register 
their appliances, suppor(cid:415)ng manufacturers to maintain customer records for warranty purposes, 
manufacturer record support for communica(cid:415)ons on vital communica(cid:415)ons for recalls and safety 
enhancements through improvements, traceability, and accountability for poten(cid:415)al issues. 
Addi(cid:415)onally, the website includes a detailed sec(cid:415)on that lists all relevant recalls across AMDEA’s 
membership for simple consumer reference. 

When manufacturers iden(cid:415)fy issues related to defec(cid:415)ve parts that pose risks under the ‘Electrical 
Equipment (Safety) Regula(cid:415)ons 2016’. Regula(cid:415)on 12 (2) requires that they “must immediately 
inform the market surveillance authority”. Similarly, the UK ‘General Product Safety Regula(cid:415)ons’ 
(GPSR) 2005, clause 9.(1) mandates obliga(cid:415)ons of producers and distributers to “no(cid:415)fy an 
enforcement authority in wri(cid:415)ng” if a product on the market poses risks incompa(cid:415)ble with the 
general safety requirements. This obliga(cid:415)on is reinforced through the OPSS ‘Product Safety and 
Noncompliance No(cid:415)fica(cid:415)on Guidance’ and the PAS7100:2022 code of prac(cid:415)ce for Product Recalls 
and other correc(cid:415)ve ac(cid:415)ons for businesses and regulators. 

Through our Safety Liaison Panel, we facilitate discussions within our membership and other 
stakeholders on topics relevant to safety issues. These ongoing collabora(cid:415)ons reflect the industries 
commitment to suppor(cid:415)ng consumer safety, promo(cid:415)ng sustainability and collabora(cid:415)on between 
AMDEA, our members, OPSS and LFB to improve product and user safety. 

AMDEA
Vintage House
36 – 37 Albert Embankment
London SE1 7TL
Tel.: +44(0)20 7405 0666
info@amdea.org.uk

Registered in England No. 1465823

 
 
 
 
 
 
 (4) Working group CPL / 61 to look at standards of 
manufacture of mains and sub-mains- operated condensate 
pumps and RFI filters. 

AMDEA, as an industry representa(cid:415)ve, along with many of its members, ac(cid:415)vely par(cid:415)cipates in the 
CPL/61 working group. This group is dedicated to reviewing and establishing robust standards for 
products and their associated componentry, addressing specific areas when trends or issues are 
iden(cid:415)fied.  

AMDEA and its membership have not been involved in discussions specifically on condensate pumps 
and it would be helpful to receive more background informa(cid:415)on and insights into the findings that 
led to the inclusion of these points in the report. 

Despite condensate pumps and RFI filters being called out specifically here, their considera(cid:415)on may 
fall within the scope of risk assessments rather than directly within standards. The standards 
developed through CPL/61 set a method to support mee(cid:415)ng the requirements within the 
appropriate legisla(cid:415)on. 

The working group’s ini(cid:415)a(cid:415)ve sets the required safety standards, helping to reduce the risk of safety 
incidents and promo(cid:415)ng con(cid:415)nuous improvement within industry specific standards. AMDEA 
remains commi(cid:425)ed to suppor(cid:415)ng this working group and its vital func(cid:415)ons. 

AMDEA
Vintage House
36 – 37 Albert Embankment
London SE1 7TL
Tel.: +44(0)20 7405 0666
info@amdea.org.uk

Registered in England No. 1465823

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (5) Manufacturers to share data on decisions and ra(cid:415)onale 
behind recall / replacement of condensate pumps and RFI 
filters with the Office of Product Safety Standards (OPSS) as 
the regulator, and London Fire Brigade, to support fire 
preven(cid:415)on work. 

Transparency is a core principle within AMDEA’s membership, ensuring that safety prac(cid:415)ces are 
upheld across the industry. Through AMDEA’s Panels, we promote best prac(cid:415)ces in recalls, servicing 
and parts replacement facilita(cid:415)ng shared learning and collabora(cid:415)on amongst manufacturers. AMDEA 
and its members not only support but also took part in the development of the OPSS and BSI 
document PAS7100:2022, which is a code of prac(cid:415)ce for Product Recalls and other correc(cid:415)ve ac(cid:415)ons 
for businesses and regulators. 

The “Register my Appliance” ini(cid:415)a(cid:415)ve, also promoted by London Fire Brigade and other fire services 
around the UK, ensures that homeowners are aware of any recalls available for their appliance and 
as a record of iden(cid:415)fica(cid:415)on of appliances within homes. This data is held by the manufacturers so 
that in the event of a safety recall or enhancement the appliance owners can be contacted should 
there be product safety changes to be conducted. 

Our members are commi(cid:425)ed to working closely with regulators, including the OPSS and will provide 
data on decisions and the ra(cid:415)onale behind product recalls or replacements when required. It is also 
important to know that OPSS holds the relevant informa(cid:415)on regarding decisions and the ra(cid:415)onale for 
recalls or replacements of condensate pumps and RFI filters. AMDEA will con(cid:415)nue to support this 
func(cid:415)on as needed and facilitate any addi(cid:415)onal data sharing to enhance fire preven(cid:415)on.  

Manufacturers have a legal obliga(cid:415)on to report safety incidents to OPSS, Trading Standards, and their 
Primary Authori(cid:415)es, in accordance with the ‘General Product Safety Regula(cid:415)on’ and associated OPSS 
guidance. This includes documents such as ‘Product-Related Fire Incident No(cid:415)fica(cid:415)ons’ and ‘Product 
Safety and Noncompliance No(cid:415)fica(cid:415)on Guidance’. These regula(cid:415)ons and guidelines highlight the 
cri(cid:415)cal need to iden(cid:415)fy and report fire incidents linked to consumer products to the appropriate 
businesses and regulatory bodies. 

Should significant trends emerge, we recognise the importance of collabora(cid:415)on between the 
manufacturer and OPSS. Such partnerships aid in the iden(cid:415)fica(cid:415)on of poten(cid:415)ally hazardous 
products, support fire preven(cid:415)on efforts and contribute to safer environments for the consumer. 

AMDEA
Vintage House
36 – 37 Albert Embankment
London SE1 7TL
Tel.: +44(0)20 7405 0666
info@amdea.org.uk

Registered in England No. 1465823

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (6) Companies inves(cid:415)ga(cid:415)ng fires to no(cid:415)fy Trading Standards 
and the Office of Product Safety Standards (OPSS) of the 
outcome of those inves(cid:415)ga(cid:415)ons. 

Manufacturers are required to proac(cid:415)vely report safety incidents to OPSS, Trading Standards, and 
their Primary Authori(cid:415)es, as outlined in the ‘General Product Safety Regula(cid:415)ons’ and the relevant 
OPSS guidance including ‘Product-Related Fire Incident No(cid:415)fica(cid:415)ons’, and also market surveillance 
and enforcement authori(cid:415)es ‘Product Safety and Noncompliance No(cid:415)fica(cid:415)on Guidance’. These 
guidelines emphasise the importance of iden(cid:415)fying and repor(cid:415)ng fire incidents origina(cid:415)ng from 
consumer products to relevant businesses and regulators.  

AMDEA supports this process through its product iden(cid:415)fica(cid:415)on service, as part of the Safety Liaison 
Panel remit. This includes providing a ‘code of prac(cid:415)ce’ and guidelines for obtaining appliance photos 
to aid in iden(cid:415)fica(cid:415)on. When remote iden(cid:415)fica(cid:415)on cannot be confirmed, AMDEA members may 
a(cid:425)end the site, providing the appliance is preserved. However, this is not always possible due to the 
site clearance prac(cid:415)ces, limi(cid:415)ng the ability to confirm appliance iden(cid:415)ty.  
To improve the effec(cid:415)veness of fire inves(cid:415)ga(cid:415)ons, cross-sector data sharing is essen(cid:415)al. Despite 
ongoing rela(cid:415)onships, certain sectors, such as insurers, have historically not shared data with AMDEA 
or its members, which hinders the effec(cid:415)veness of data colla(cid:415)on. An enhanced collabora(cid:415)on across 
sectors would improve data colla(cid:415)on sta(cid:415)s(cid:415)cs. 

Current UK governmental guidance suggests logging the following at the scene of a fire concerning a 
consumer product: 

  The product involved, including model and serial numbers. 

  The age and place of purchase. 

  The degree of severity of the fire. 

If changes are proposed to the guidance, it will be crucial to establish clear repor(cid:415)ng standards to 
ensure na(cid:415)onwide consistency and understanding. While this would increase administra(cid:415)ve burden 
across the chain and at (cid:415)mes there would be no guarantees that data was conclusive it would 
strengthen the overall amount of data collected and therefore, the response to fire incidents.  

AMDEA members remain commi(cid:425)ed to no(cid:415)fying Trading Standards and OPSS of the outcomes of fire 
inves(cid:415)ga(cid:415)ons. This prac(cid:415)ce ensures all relevant authori(cid:415)es are informed of poten(cid:415)al hazards and 
enables them to take appropriate ac(cid:415)on to mi(cid:415)gate risks effec(cid:415)vely. 

AMDEA
Vintage House
36 – 37 Albert Embankment
London SE1 7TL
Tel.: +44(0)20 7405 0666
info@amdea.org.uk

Registered in England No. 1465823

 
 
 
 
 
 
 (7) Manufacturers to be required to use the OPSS risk 
assessment methodology, PRISM, when conduc(cid:415)ng risk 
assessments to account for persons in a property and their 
ac(cid:415)ons, i.e., sleeping whilst a product is taking advantage of 
lower electricity rates. 

As a manufacturing trade body, we fully support the importance of robust risk assessments within 
the industry, and we acknowledge that this prac(cid:415)ce is already mandated under the ‘Electrical 
Equipment (Safety) Regula(cid:415)ons 2016’. While the use of the PRISM methodology remains op(cid:415)onal, 
AMDEA is suppor(cid:415)ve of the framework, value, and relevance, par(cid:415)cularly as it is employed by 
regulators.  

To promote PRISM’s adop(cid:415)on and understanding, AMDEA regularly discusses PRISM within our 
panels and host training events in collabora(cid:415)on with OPSS. These events ensure our membership is 
fully informed and equipped to apply its key principles effec(cid:415)vely.  

Risk assessment methodologies must integrate with mechanisms for product safety monitoring and 
no(cid:415)fica(cid:415)on. Manufacturers within the EU use the Safety Gate (formerly RAPEX) system for rapid 
alerts about hazardous products. Post-Brexit, OPSS has introduced the ‘Product Safety Database’ 
(PSD). The PSD facilitates no(cid:415)fica(cid:415)ons from local authori(cid:415)es, market surveillance authori(cid:415)es and 
manufacturers about poten(cid:415)ally hazardous products and allows the UK to act independently to 
safeguard consumers. However, the PSD lacks the integrated EU-wide coordina(cid:415)on offered by safety 
gate, therefore there are poten(cid:415)al for gaps in iden(cid:415)fying and addressing risks across UK/NI/EU 
borders. 

Risk assessment processes must con(cid:415)nuously evolve to reflect shi(cid:332)s in market dynamics, 
technological advancements, and consumer behaviours. Adaptable frameworks, such as PRISM are 
well-suited to address these challenges including scenarios such as accoun(cid:415)ng for individuals 
sleeping while appliances operate during discounted (or even free) off-peak energy opera(cid:415)on 
periods. In addi(cid:415)on, PRISM expands on the tradi(cid:415)onal scope of risk assessments by addressing a 
broader range of safety factors, including mental health considera(cid:415)ons. 

While AMDEA remains commi(cid:425)ed to suppor(cid:415)ng the implementa(cid:415)on of adaptable and 
comprehensive risk assessments aligned with evolving safety and consumer needs, we note that our 
members already employ their own robust systems that effec(cid:415)vely cover these points without being 
part of the PRISM framework. We will con(cid:415)nue to recommend PRISM as a complementary tool to 
help adapt and enhance their exis(cid:415)ng risk assessment processes, rather than as a replacement.  

Manda(cid:415)ng the use of PRISM as a standalone requirement risks crea(cid:415)ng a UK-specific divergence, 
poten(cid:415)ally leading to inconsistencies and addi(cid:415)onal documenta(cid:415)on to manage within the broader 
market. Encouraging manufacturers to adopt flexible systems allows for op(cid:415)mum alignment and 
interoperability between EU safety gate (RAPEX) and the Product Safety Database (PSD). This 
approach ensures consistency, the highest safety standards across markets and alignment with 
interna(cid:415)onal best prac(cid:415)ces while minimising addi(cid:415)onal administra(cid:415)ve complexity. 

AMDEA
Vintage House
36 – 37 Albert Embankment
London SE1 7TL
Tel.: +44(0)20 7405 0666
info@amdea.org.uk

Registered in England No. 1465823

 
 
 
 
 (8) Iden(cid:415)fica(cid:415)on plates on appliances that will not be 
destroyed by fire akin to those on vehicles.  

It is important here to note that the specific case in ques(cid:415)on was not brought to AMDEA’s a(cid:425)en(cid:415)on, 
and as such, we are unaware of the relevance or connec(cid:415)on of the iden(cid:415)fica(cid:415)on plate to our current 
prac(cid:415)ces. In this instance, the appliance was clearly iden(cid:415)fied, and the manufacturer was no(cid:415)fied 
well before AMDEA received any details. Iden(cid:415)fica(cid:415)on is increasingly achieved through digital means, 
such as online appliance registra(cid:415)on or digital receipts. Over the past 18 months, AMDEA has 
collated and analysed data for fire incidents involving uniden(cid:415)fiable appliances. The data con(cid:415)nues 
to show that the number of such cases remain low, which does not jus(cid:415)fy the widespread 
implementa(cid:415)on of fire-resistant iden(cid:415)fica(cid:415)on plates. However, AMDEA remains commi(cid:425)ed to 
enhancing the exis(cid:415)ng processes, which effec(cid:415)vely support manufacturers in conduc(cid:415)ng post-fire 
incident inves(cid:415)ga(cid:415)ons and where necessary ini(cid:415)a(cid:415)ng product recalls. 

The proposal for iden(cid:415)fica(cid:415)on plates on appliances which are resilient to fire has been thoroughly 
inves(cid:415)gated and researched as part of the Safety Liaison Panel’s remit. By bringing together fire 
brigades and manufacturers, a process and ‘code of prac(cid:415)ce’ for addressing uniden(cid:415)fiable appliances 
was established. It is worth no(cid:415)ng that that within the automo(cid:415)ve industry, metal iden(cid:415)fica(cid:415)on 
plates, such as VIN (Vehicle Iden(cid:415)fica(cid:415)on Number) plates, are designed to withstand various 
environmental condi(cid:415)ons, including heat. However, in severe fire incidents, these plates can also 
become damaged or destroyed, complica(cid:415)ng the iden(cid:415)fica(cid:415)on process. 

AMDEA’s current system developed as part of the ‘code of prac(cid:415)ce’ includes a process where 
uniden(cid:415)fiable cases are reported to AMDEA via specific email channels and then disseminated within 
our membership. AMDEA’s members are then given an opportunity to rule themselves out or 
indicate whether they believe its theirs and wish to a(cid:425)end the scene for further inves(cid:415)ga(cid:415)on. While 
this process has successfully facilitated feedback, in a limited number of cases the appliance is too 
severely damaged or not been held as part of the scene, making onsite confirma(cid:415)on of the appliance 
impossible. 

Fire incident data for key appliances is collated annually in line with interna(cid:415)onal IEC focuses, helping 
to iden(cid:415)fy trends and inform on safety improvements. AMDEA will con(cid:415)nue to monitor the situa(cid:415)on 
and collaborate with Fire Services and manufacturers to explore prac(cid:415)cal, data-driven measures that 
enhance appliance safety. 

AMDEA
Vintage House
36 – 37 Albert Embankment
London SE1 7TL
Tel.: +44(0)20 7405 0666
info@amdea.org.uk

Registered in England No. 1465823
Response from Bsi Group (PDF)
Mr P Straker  

Assistant Coroner for the coroner area of the Northern District of Greater London  

BY EMAIL  

28 January 2025  

Dear Sir, 

Champaguri and Dipak Bhatt : Prevention of future deaths report 

Introduction  

1.  We write in response to your Regulation 28 report of 06 December 2024 concerning the 

deaths of Champaguri and Dipak Bhatt (“the Report”).  

2.  BSI would like at the outset to express its deepest sympathy and condolences for the 

family of the victims.  

3.  We are responding in particular to No.5 (Coroner’s Concerns) Item 4 in the Report: 

“Working group CPL / 61 look at standards of manufacture of mains and sub mains operated 

condensate pumps and RFI filters, to improve standards.”  

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

BSI Group The Netherlands B.V. 
Say Building John M. Keynesplein 1-27  
Amsterdam Bergen 1066 EP 
Netherlands 
bsigroup.nl 

+31 20 346 0780 
BSIMedDev.NB2797@bsigroup.com 

BSI. All rights reserved. © 2024 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 BSI’s role 

4.  BSI’s role as the NSB is established by Royal Charter. BSI has several governing documents 

(available online):  

a.  BSI’s Royal Charter and Bye-laws 1981;  

b.  A  Memorandum  of  Understanding  (MoU)  of  16  September  2024  between 

HM Government and BSI in respect of BSI’s activities as the United Kingdom’s NSB;    

c.  BS 0: 2021 ‘A standard for standards – Principles of standardization’ (BS 0) 

5.  Article 1.2 of the MoU provides that BSI’s role as the NSB includes:  

a)  the  management,  co-ordination  and  understanding  of  British  Standards  and  BSI 

standardisation products;  

b)  participation  by  BSI  in  European  and  international  standards  bodies,  and  other 

international activity undertaken in the interests of BSI as the United Kingdom’s NSB;  

c)  publication, promotion, marketing, distribution and information activities concerned 

with  British  Standards,  BSI’s  other  standardisation  products,  and  standardisation 

generally;  

d)  support any corporate infrastructure activities intended, wholly or in part, to enable 

paragraph 12(a) to (c) above.  

The Director of Standards has the primary responsibility for the activities set out above. BSI’s 

present  Director  of  Standards  is  Dr  Scott  Steedman  (the  role  is  incorporated  within  his 

responsibilities as Director-General, Standards).  

6.  BSI develops and distributes standards in response to the needs of UK stakeholders, which 

include  HM  Government  and  business.  Standards  are  technical  documents  representing 

good industry practice. They are voluntary documents drafted by independent experts, as 

distinct from legislation or regulation from government.  

2 

© 2024 BSI. All rights reserved. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 7.  BSI’s  role  as  the  National  Standards  Body  is  to  facilitate  expert  committees  to  achieve 

consensus on industry standards and best practice and to act as the publisher of standards. 

BSI does not retain in-house expertise on the subject matter of standards. Further, BSI is 

not a regulatory body and is therefore unable to advise on regulatory matters, which are a 

matter for HM Government.  

8.  Each individual standard is the responsibility of one committee.  It is the committee who is 

responsible  for  the  technical  content  of  the  standard,  not  BSI.    The  committees  are 

composed of:  

a.  An independent chair, 

b.  External experts, who are responsible for the technical content of national standards, 

and  for  contributing  the  UK’s  technical  input  into  European  and  international 

standards, and  

c.  BSI staff, who are responsible for the management of the committee, editorial input 

and ensuring the committee follows BSI’s processes.  

9.  Each  committee  has  a  defined  scope,  and  develops  standards  within  that  scope.  For 

European  and  international  standards  the  committee  acts  as  a  local  (British)  ‘mirror 

committee’.  

10. The responsible UK committee in this instance is entitled CPL/61: Safety of household and 

similar electrical appliances. Its scope is: 

“Under the direction of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee, is responsible 

for providing UK input into IEC TC 61, SC 61C and CENELEC TC 61 on matters relating 

to  IEC/EN  60335-1 and  Part 2s in  the following areas:  safety  of home  laundry  and 

dishwashing  machines  together  with  IEC/EN  61770  for  electrical  appliances 

connected to the water mains, avoidance of backsiphonage and failure of hose-sets, 

(formerly within the scope of CPL/61/14, now disbanded),  safety standards for motor 

3 

© 2024 BSI. All rights reserved. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 compressors,  refrigerating  appliances  and  similar  appliances  for  household  and 

commercial  use  (formerly  within  the  scope  of  CPL/61/3,  now  disbanded),    safety 

standards for electrical commercial catering equipment (formerly within the scope 

of  CPL/61/5,  now  disbanded)  and  requirements  for  gas,  oil  and  solid-fuel  burning 

appliances  having  electrical  connections  (formerly  within  the  scope  of  CPL/61/35, 

now disbanded”).   

(see https://standardsdevelopment.bsigroup.com/committees/50001507).  

Committee’s Response 

11. BSI convened a meeting of CPL/61 on 21 January 2025 to discuss the Report.  

12. The members present represented the following organizations:  

•  Agricultural Engineers Association (AEA) 

•  Association of Manufacturers of Domestic Appliances (AMDEA) 

•  Vending and Automated Retail Association (AVA) 

•  BEAMA Installation Ltd 

•  British and Irish Spa and Hot Tub Association (BISHTA) 

•  British Home Enhancement Trade Association 

•  BSI Consumer and Public Interest Network 

•  Department for Business and Trade 

•  Electrical Safety First 

•  Hot Water Association 

•  London Fire Brigade (LFB) 

•  Portable Electric Tool Manufacturers Association 

4 

© 2024 BSI. All rights reserved. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 •  Vending and Automated Retail Association (AVA) 

•  Which? 

13. The responsible BSI committee manager, Mrs Geraldine Salt, recorded the following 

note of the meeting:  

a.  The Coroner’s report stated that the fire had been caused by an electrical fault in 

the tumble dryer and that there was a 10% chance the EMI filter had caused the 

fire and a 90% chance the condensate pump had caused the fire.  

b.   The Coroner asked CPL/61 to look at standards of manufacture of mains and sub 

mains operated condensate pumps and filters, to consider if the. 

c. 

 The Committee considered this request and decided that in order to be able to 

reach an informed engineering decision regarding making an appropriate 

amendment to the standard, more specific information regarding the fire 

investigation and its conclusions was needed. In particular:  

a)  The LFB representative reported at the CPL/61 meeting that its experts had 

considered that the fire had been caused by a fault within the door switch 

mechanism and CPL/61 would like to understand the reasoning as to why this 

consideration has been discounted. 

b)  The committee asks whether it is possible for the expert reporting which took 

place during this Court case to be made available to the committee. 

c)  The committee also asks if it could be provided with details of the appliance itself, 

including its age and whether it had ever been subject to a recall.  

5 

© 2024 BSI. All rights reserved. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 d.   CPL/61 considers that without the above information, it is not in a position to 

make a decision on how best the standard can be amended to address the cause 

of the fire.  

e.   CPL/61 is therefore unable to respond in full to the Coroner’s letter at present but 

it will be holding a further meeting on 6 February 2025. Should the above 

information be available to the committee at that point, then it will be able to look 

further into the matter with a view to deciding how the cause of the fire can be 

best addressed in the relevant standards. 

Yours sincerely, 

Head of Governance & Risk, Knowledge Solutions 

BSI, 389 Chiswick High Road, London, W4 4AL, UK 

bsigroup.com | LinkedIn|  

We support the UN Sustainable Development Goals, so please consider the environment before 

printing this email 

The British Standards Institution is a member of BSI Group and is incorporated in England under 

Royal Charter. Its principal address is 389 Chiswick High Road, London, W4 4AL, United Kingdom. 

6

© 2024 BSI. All rights reserved.
Response from Chartered Trading Standards Institute (PDF)
Chartered Trading Standards Institute’s response to the Coroners Service 
Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths 

CTSI was deeply saddened to hear of the deaths of Champagauri and Dipak Bhatt.  We 
welcome the opportunity to respond to the findings in the coroner’s report, and we fully 
support the call for further action to be taken to prevent future deaths. 

CTSI has long campaigned about the safety of appliances in consumers homes and that 
there must be mechanisms in place to ensure that when issues are identified with 
certain makes and models that these are addressed as urgently, e(cid:431)ectively and 
e(cid:431)iciently as possible. When dealing with a recall of possibly thousands of appliances, 
across di(cid:431)ering makes and models, supplied at di(cid:431)ering times by multiple retailers, this 
is not something that one local authority Trading Standards has the resources or 
mechanisms to deal with. 

CTSI called for the creation of a Government body to be responsible for national product 
safety issues and the O(cid:431)ice for Product Safety and Standards (OPSS) was set up in 2018 
with a specific remit to deal with national product safety issues and recalls.  

About CTSI 

The Chartered Trading Standards Institute (CTSI) is one of the world’s longest-
established organisations dedicated to the field of Trading Standards and Consumer 
Protection.  

At CTSI, and through the Trading Standards profession, we aim to promote good trading 
practices and to protect consumers. We strive to foster a strong vibrant economy by 
safeguarding the health, safety and wellbeing of citizens through empowering 
consumers, encouraging honest business, and targeting rogue practices. We provide 
information, guidance and develop evidence-based policies and campaigns to support 
local and national stakeholders including central and devolved governments. CTSI also 
provides the secretariat to the All-Party Parliamentary Group on Consumer Protection 
and campaigns on range of topics including product safety issues.  CTSI is responsible 
for business advice and education in the area of Trading Standards and consumer 
protection legislation, including running the Business Companion service to provide 
clear guidance to businesses on how to meet their legal and regulatory obligations.  

Response to findings  

We note that the coroner’s report in this case has ruled that there was a 10% chance the 
EMI filter in the appliance caused the fire and a 90% chance the condensate pump 
caused the fire. 

OFFICIAL - SENSITIVE 

 
 
 
 CTSI understands that Hotpoint UK Appliances Ltd has a Primary Authority agreement 
with North Yorkshire Council Trading Standards, and in regard to this incident the 
Trading Standards team are leading the activity with Hotpoint UK Appliances Ltd 
directly.  

CTSI believes the correct action in this case is for Hotpoint UK Appliances Ltd to work 
closely with North Yorkshire Council Trading Standards to further investigate the safety 
of the product, and if an issue is identified to take appropriate steps, including to 
instigate a product recall if necessary. 

CTSI recognises that OPSS as the National Regulator for product safety continues to 
support North Yorkshire Council Trading Standards to understand the true scale and 
risk of the problem, agree the actions needed to prevent any further harm or injury 
occurring, and the timescales in which this should happen. This must be done to ensure 
that consumers are being protected from any unsafe appliances in their homes.  

If OPSS find that appropriate action is not being taken by Hotpoint UK Appliances Ltd, or 
have concerns that the actions are not being taken with enough speed to protect 
consumers, they can use their powers to start corrective action. CTSI, along with local 
authority Trading Standards O(cid:431)icers, can work with OPSS to ensure the message 
around any such safety issue and recalls are implemented e(cid:431)ectively and have the 
greatest impact.  

CTSI would also like to see OPSS look at the wider recommendations made in the report 
as we believe these require a national approach to address national issues.  

In the EU and Northern Ireland, it is now mandatory for manufacturers to report 
dangerous products on the safety business gateway and there is a consumer gateway 
where consumers can report dangerous products. To ensure that all consumers are 
protected this should be an option available to GB consumers. 

In conclusion, CTSI remains committed to ensuring that electrical products are safe, 
and that processes for keeping consumers informed of risks and dangers are robust to 
ensure that preventable deaths or deaths injuries are avoided. 

OFFICIAL - SENSITIVE
Response from Hotpoint UK Appliances Ltd (PDF)
Hotpoint UK Appliances Ltd. 
 Morley Way 
 Peterborough 
 PE2 9JB 
 Registered in London 106725 
 VAT No 513936740 

 HOTPOINT UK APPLIANCES LIMITED’S RESPONSE 
 TO REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 
 DATED 6 DECEMBER 2024 

 This   is   the   response   of   Hotpoint   UK   Appliances   Limited   (  Hotpoint  )   to   the   Regulation  28  Report  to 
 Prevent   Future   Deaths   arising   out   of   the   Inquest   into   the   deaths   of   Champaguri   Bhatt   and   Dipak 
 Bhatt. 

 Before  we  address  the  Assistant  Coroner’s  report  we  would  like  to  express  our  deepest  condolences 
 to the Bhatt family and anyone affected by this tragedy. 

 The   matters   of   concern   raised   by   the   Assistant   Coroner   relate   to   industry-wide   challenges.   The 
 response   to   those   concerns   should   be   considered   in   light   of  the  broader  regulatory  framework  that 
 underpins product safety in the UK together with an ongoing revision by the Government. 

 Current Product Safety Legal Framework 

 The   UK   has  a  comprehensive  framework  of  laws  covering  product  safety,  derived  primarily  from  EU 
 law.  The  overarching  legislation  is  the  General  Product  Safety  Regulation  2005  (“  GPSR  ”),  which  sets 
 out  general  safety  rules  that  apply  to  all  products  unless  those  products  are  subject  to  sector  specific 
 legislation.   In   the   case   of   electrical   appliances,   the   applicable   sector-specific   legislation   is   the 
 Electrical Equipment (Safety) Regulation 2016 (“  EESR  ”). 

 These   product   safety   laws   set   out   objectives   and   rules   governing   the   safety   of   products.   The 
 underlying  technical  rules  that  ensure  these  objectives  are  met  are  contained  in  technical  standards. 
 Designated   Standards  1   are   technical   standards,   often   based   on   international   standards,   that   are 
 officially  recognised  by  the  Government.  The  standards  set  out  a  series  of  technical  requirements  that 
 must  be  met  in  order  for  the  product  to  be  declared  compliant.  The  safety  of  a  product  that  complies 
 with a technical standard is presumed. 

 Designated   Standards   are   written   by   a   committee   of   technical   experts   including   manufacturers, 
 independent  accredited  test  houses,  enforcement  authorities  and  others  and,  in  the  UK,  published  by 
 the   British   Standards   Institute.   They   are   often   subject   to   revision   as   new  risks  are  discovered  over 
 time.  That  process  ensures  that  thorough  testing  can  be  conducted  by  independent  technical  experts 
 to   determine   whether   any   risk   exists,   and   if  so,  whether  it  is  appropriate  in  all  the  circumstances  to 
 revise   the   technical   standards   to   address   that   risk.   Additionally,   the   Government  is  able  to  develop 
 additional  standards  where  they  feel  appropriate  and  there  are  examples  in  recent  times  where  OPSS 
 has done exactly that. 

 We  view  meeting  the  standards  as  the  minimum  level  of  safety.   In  addition  to  meeting  the  standards, 
 we   do   additional   testing   to   ensure,   as   much   as   is   possible,   that   a   product   is   safe. 
 That   includes 
 This   is   known   as   Failure   Mode   and 
 putting   faults   on   products   and   assessing   the   consequences. 
 Effect Analysis (FMEA). 

 The  product  safety  framework  contains  checks  and  balances  to  ensure  that  new  and  emerging  safety 
 risks are discovered and addressed. In particular, there are specific obligations placed on industry to: 

 1   Called Harmonised Standards in the European Union. 

  ● 
 ● 
 ● 

 monitor and investigate safety risks; 
 take corrective action (e.g. recalls) to address non-conformities; and 
 report safety risks to Trading Standards 

 If   the   UK   authorities   are   investigating   a   safety   issue,   they   can   make   an   initial   request   for   relevant 
 information  to  be  shared  willingly.  In  the  event  of  a  refusal,  they  have  tools,  including  Regulation  28  of 
 the  GPSR,  to  require  companies  to  provide  information  in  relation  to  product  safety  issues.  A  failure  to 
 comply is a criminal offence. 

 Upcoming Changes to Product Safety Legal Framework 

 The  legal  framework  in  the  UK  is  likely  to  be  updated  this  year.  The  Product  Regulation  and  Metrology 
 Bill  (the  “Bill”)  is  currently  being  debated  in  the  House  of  Lords.  The  Bill  is  intended  to  be  an  enabling 
 Act   with   detailed   regulations   passed   after   it   has   been   enacted,   so   the  precise  scope  is  not  known. 
 However,  following  a  consultation  by  the  Office  for  Product  Safety  and  Standards  (“  OPSS  ”)  in  October 
 2023,  2   it  is  clear  that  the  Government  is  considering  issues  relevant  to  a  number  of  the  matters  raised 
 by the Assistant Coroner. In particular: 

 ● 

 ● 

 Proposal  8:  Facilitate  a  rich  source  of  data,  by  creating  a  new  legal  data  gateway  –  this  would 
 enable   the   Government   to   request   that   product   safety   data   is   shared   by   industry   with   the 
 authorities, including the OPSS and Trading Standards. 

 Proposal  9:  All  notification  of  recalls  and  serious  product  safety  incidents  and  other  corrective 
 action   by   a   manufacturer   or   distributor   is   sent   to   OPSS,   rather   than   the   local   authority,   as 
 soon  as  the  economic  operator  has  knowledge  of  an  unsafe  product  –  this  would  streamline 
 the report of product safety incidents to the OPSS. 

 These   proposals   have   been   subject   to   feedback   from   multiple   stakeholders.   In   its   response   to   the 
 Consultation,  3   OPSS noted that: 

 ● 

 e.   Better   use   of   data:   capturing   high-quality   product   safety   data   in   a   central   repository   to 
 identify   product   safety   risks   and   allow   targeted   intervention   and   establishing   a   legal   data 
 gateway   that   integrates   existing   systems   and   allows   sharing   of   intelligence   e.g.   between 
 market   surveillance   authorities,   to   aid   compliance   and   enforcement   –   over   two   thirds   of 
 responses   were   supportive,   however,   businesses   suggested   caution   around   how   the   data 
 would be shared given the need to consider confidentiality. 

 Matters of Concern 

 (1)   That  ingress  of  moisture  into  condensate  pumps  may  result  in  tracking  faults  causing 

 resistive heating and fire 

 2 

 https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/64ca51246ae44e001311b3e7/uk-product-safety-review 
 -consultation-august-2023.pdf 
 3 

 https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/smarter-regulation-uk-product-safety-review/outcome/go 
 vernment-response-to-the-product-safety-review-and-next-steps#appendix-b-summary-of-responses-t 
 o-the-product-safety-review 

 2 

  Manufacturers  have  an  obligation  to  only  place  products  on  the  market  that  are  safe.   They  must 
 ensure   the   products   have   been   designed   and   manufactured   in   line   with   established   safety 
 objectives. 
 Many   manufacturers   (including  Hotpoint),  demonstrate  those  safety  objectives  have 
 been met by testing their products against relevant safety standards as described above. 

 In  addition  to  testing  all  our  products  to  the  appropriate  industry  safety  standards,  all  the  results  of 
 those tests are checked and approved by an independent accredited test facility. 

 Once  a  product  is  placed  on  the  market,  we  are  required  to  monitor  the  field  to  identify  any  safety 
 related  incidents  that  will  subsequently  feed  into  risk  assessments.   We  have  a  robust  process  in 
 place  for  doing  this.   Having  interrogated  our  data  following  the  tragic  deaths  of  Champaguri  Bhatt 
 and   Dipak   Bhatt,   we   cannot   find   any   evidence   of   safety   issues   with   the   ingress   of   water   into 
 condensate  pumps  in  our  products.   However,  that  does  not  exclude  the  possibility  of  there  being 
 a   wider   industry   issue,   and,   if   stakeholders   involved   in   setting   standards   agree   that   there   is   a 
 requirement   to   focus   on   potential   risk   with   condensate   pumps,   we   will   of   course   actively 
 participate in that process. 

 (2)   That   changes   in   information   management   would  result  in  better  analysis  of,  and  learning 
 from, white goods fires 

 As   outlined   below,   we   regularly   engage   with   other   stakeholders   to   discuss   how   systems   and 
 processes can be changed to improve consumer safety. 

 (3)  Manufacturers  to  give  the  OPSS  as  the  regulator  and  London  Fire  Brigade  (LFB)  to  support 
 their   fire   prevention   work  data  on  parts  replaced  on  warranty  for  condensate  pumps  and  RFI 
 filters 

 (5)   Manufacturers   to   share   data   on   decisions   and   rationale   behind   recall   /   replacement   of 
 condensate   pumps   and   RFI   filters   OPSS   as   the   regulator   and   LFB   to   support   their   fire 
 prevention work 

 (6)  Companies  investigating  fires  to  notify  Trading  Standards  and  the  OPSS  of  the  outcome  of 
 those investigations 

 These  matters  of  concern  all  relate  to  the  collection  and  sharing  of  information  around  product  safety 
 risks and incidents. 

 As  noted  above,  the  product  safety  legal  framework  places  responsibility  on  manufacturers  and  other 
 actors in the supply chain to monitor and investigate safety issues and report safety risks. 

 The   UK   authorities   have   investigatory   tools,   including   Regulation   28   of   the   GPSR,   to   require 
 companies   to   provide   information   in   relation   to   product   safety   issues   where   the   information   is   not 
 given  willingly.  A  failure  to  comply  is  a  criminal  offence.  That  is  the  proper  route  for  authorities  that  are 
 minded to require manufacturers to disclose sensitive company information. 

 We   note   that   data   sharing   is   within   the   scope   of   the   Government’s   ongoing   product   safety  review, 
 although the scope is not as broad as the matters recommended to the Assistant Coroner by the LFB. 
 Hotpoint   is   a   member   of   AMDEA,   the   white   goods   trade   association,   and   actively   participates   in 
 industry  meetings,  including  on  safety  and  standards.   We  regularly  engage  with  the  LFB,  OPSS  and 
 NGOs  such  as  Electrical  Safety  First,  both  through  industry  meetings  and  directly,  to  explore  how  all 

 3 

  stakeholders  can  work  together  with  the  aim  of  improving  safety.   We  are  also  actively  involved  with 
 BSI   and   European   International   Standards   bodies   in   the   development   of   safety   and   performance 
 standards. 
 We   fully   support   the   development   of   systems   to   improve   product  safety,  including  data 
 sharing   and   information   management   that   can   be   adopted   cross   industry   and   supported   by   all 
 stakeholders. 

 (4)  Working  group  CPL  /  61  look  at  standards  of  manufacture  of  mains  and  sub  mains  operated 
 condensate pumps and RFI filters 

 Hotpoint   welcomes   the   role   of   standards   bodies   such   as   the   British   Standards   Institute   in   the 
 continuing   improvement   of   safety   standards.   Hotpoint   is   an   active   participant   in   standards 
 development,  with  its  representatives  sitting  on  technical  committees  on  a  range  of  standards,  and  is 
 very   supportive   of   all   efforts   to   improve   product   safety   where   new   and   emerging   risks   have   been 
 discovered. 

 (7)  Manufacturers  to  be  required  to  use  the  OPSS  risk  assessment  methodology,  PRISM,  when 
 conducting  risk  assessments  to  account  for  persons  in  a  property  and  their  actions,  i.e.  while 
 sleeping whilst a product is taking advantage of lower electricity rates 

 Manufacturers   are   already   required   to   demonstrate   that   their   appliances   are   safe,   and,   if   it   is 
 subsequently found they are not safe, to risk assess to determine the level of risk. 

 PRISM  was  not  developed  with  the  intention  that  it  would  be  used  to  assess  the  safety  of  the  design 
 of  a  product  prior  to  manufacture.  It  is  a  methodology  developed  from  the  EU’s  RAPEX  methodology 
 for  the  assessment  of  unexpected  risks  that  may  occur  in  products  that  are  already  on  the  market.  In 
 the   OPSS’   guidance   on   PRISM,   it   states:   “As   noted   above,   this   guidance   is   intended   for   use   by 
 market  surveillance  officers.  It  is  not  intended  to  be  used  by  businesses  when  undertaking  pre-market 
 risk   assessment   as   part   of   the   process   of   assessing   the   conformity   of   their   products   to   relevant 
 essential   requirements   or   when   considering   the   general   safety   requirement   contained   within   the 
 General Product Safety Regulations 2005 (GPSR).”  4 

 That   being   said,   there   are   elements   of   PRISM   that   can   be   applied   usefully   to   a   pre-market   risk 
 assessment   process.   For   example,   it   is   already   common   for   foreseeable   risks   associated   with 
 sleeping to be taken into account when assessing the risks of electrical products that operate at night. 

 (8)   Identification   plates   on   appliances   that   will   not   be   destroyed   by   fire   akin   to   those   on 
 vehicles 

 We know that indelible marking is under consideration by the CPL / 61 Standards committee  5  .  The 
 committee has formed a working group to look at this issue, and as a company, we are members and 
 actively involved in that working group. 

 On 8 January 2024, the LFB wrote to the Senior Coroner. At point 6, the LFB refers to working with 
 AMDEA on a means of identifying fire damaged white goods via the sharing of digital images between 

 4   Section 1.2 of Guide for GB Market Surveillance Authorities and Enforcing Authorities Responsible 
 for Regulating Consumer Product Safety, version 2.0, October 2024 
 (https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/66fd385ae84ae1fd8592ec93/prism-guidance-v02.pdf) 
 5   The CPL / 61 Standards Committee is a committee headed by BSI, which considers UK input to the 
 international standard on household and similar electrical appliances, including tumble dryers. 

 4 

  appliance manufacturers and FRS.  The LFB notes that  if it does not show clear evidence of 
 sustainable success, then the LFB would recommend an indelible marking scheme  .    

 Our understanding from AMDEA is that the trial is working well and is being rolled out to other Fire 
 Services (outside the LFB). Additionally, indelible marking is only a benefit from the day it’s 
 implemented, it does not help with the identification of any products produced before that date and 
 already in the market.  The AMDEA trial does address this challenge.   

 As   this   issue   is   an   industry-wide   issue   with   national   ramifications,   any   change   would   need   to   be 
 implemented   through   updates   to   standards   or   regulation.   We   will   obviously   continue   to   support 
 theLFB/AMDEA   initiative   of   digital   identification   and  comply  with  any  future  industry  wide  regulatory 
 requirements.  

 Hotpoint   will  work  with  government  policy  makers,  regulators,  fire  services,  manufacturers  and  other 
 stakeholders  to  ensure  that  we  continue  to  raise  the  bar  for  appliance  product  safety  in  the  UK.   We 
 are always available to discuss relevant topics at your disposal. 

 Your Sincerely, 

 Managing Director 

 5
Response from National Fire Chiefs Council (PDF)
Assistant Coroner for the coroner area of the Northern 
District of Greater London 

c/o 71-75 Shelton Street 
Covent Garden 
London 
WC2H 9JQ 
www.nfcc.org.uk 

Sent by email to: 

31 January 2025 

Dear Mr Straker, 

Thank you for raising the concern in relation to the deaths of Champagauri and Dipak Bhatt 
on 29 March 2023. It is with great sadness that I read about the circumstances of their 
deaths. The National Fire Chiefs Council (NFCC) is committed to a culture of learning and 
improvement and seeks to support fire and rescue services (FRSs) to embed a learning 
culture. We actively track Prevention of Future Deaths Reports and share them with our 
members to ensure all opportunities to improve are taken.  

In your report you have identified NFCC as an organisation that has the power to take 
action to prevent future fire deaths by receiving information from manufacturers on 
condensate pumps and RFI filters that are replaced on warranty, or that have been 
recalled. The purpose for this is so NFCC has a better understanding of where such parts 
are having problems. 

Unfortunately, this is not currently within the remit of NFCC. However, we do support the 
single recall register, which was a key output of the Total Recalls campaign initiated by 
London Fire Brigade and rolled out nationally. This was created as a consumer-facing 
initiative and focused on products rather than parts that could be causing issues across 
multiple appliances. This is recorded on a national register which can be found here: 
Product Safety Alerts, Reports and Recalls - GOV.UK 

In our shared experience, it can be extremely challenging to persuade manufacturers to 
recall products with known risks and there is a reluctance to share information on potential 
issues. In the past we have seen manufacturers only issue recalls after significant events 
and following public and political pressure, and in some cases the threat of legal action 
from Trading Standards (as part of the Primary Authority arrangement).  

FRSs play a critical role in reporting products that lead to fires. However, determining the 
make and model of appliances involved in fires can be extremely difficult for Fire 
Investigators, let alone the component parts that may have been at fault. This is because 
the products are often so badly damaged, and owners do not always have this information. 
A key ask of London Fire Brigade’s campaign was for manufacturers to have the make and 
model on each appliance in a material that couldn’t be destroyed by fire (e.g. a metal plate) 

Registered office: National Fire Chiefs Council Limited, 71-75 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London, United Kingdom, WC2H 9JQ.  
Registered in England as Limited Company No. 03677186.  Registered in England as Charity No. 1074071.  VAT Registration No. 902 
1954 46 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 but not all manufacturers are doing this. See more here: Model and serial number 
identification | London Fire Brigade.  

There is currently no obligation on manufacturers to share information when a fault is found 
in components in appliances with FRSs, and we would welcome support for manufacturers 
to share their risk assessments, or at least key elements of the risk assessment on request 
(including details of components), when patterns of faults are found that may present a risk 
to the public.  

In response to the recommendations made, NFCC notes that there is currently a Product 
Safety and Metrology Bill, which is at the Report Stage in the Lords – following feedback 
from FRSs. There are powers outlined in section 7 of the Bill, which should enable sharing 
of information with emergency services (including FRSs). We believe it is important that 
this part of the bill clearly sets out a duty for manufacturers or commercial enterprises to 
share information on product/component safety faults (on request) that present a safety 
risk (of fire), to help prevent loss of life, safeguard our communities and homes. 

The OPSS currently gather data regarding product safety issues and seek to share 
information on product safety risks with FRSs and with NFCC Fire Investigation Strategic 
Steering Group. However, NFCC believe that it is important that the Product Safety and 
Metrology Bill does not lose this particular clause during its passage through parliament.  

Yours sincerely  

Chair National Fire Chiefs Council 

Registered office: National Fire Chiefs Council Limited, 71-75 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London, United Kingdom, WC2H 9JQ.  
Registered in England as Limited Company No. 03677186.  Registered in England as Charity No. 1074071.  VAT Registration No. 902 
1954 46
Response from North Yorkshire Council (PDF)
Mr P Straker 
Assistant Coroner 
(Northern District of Greater London) 
North London Coroner’s Service 
Barnet, Brent, Enfield, Haringey and Harrow 
Barnet Coroner’s Court 
29 Wood Street 
London 
EN5 4BE 

Chief Executive 
North Yorkshire Council 
County Hall 
Northallerton 
North Yorkshire 
DL7 8AD 
Tel: 01609 532444 
Email: 

30 January 2025 

Dear Sir, 

Regulation 28 Report to Prevent Future Deaths  

Thank you for providing a copy of your report to North Yorkshire  Council as the primary authority for 
Hotpoint UK Appliances Ltd. 

The  primary  authority  agreement  that  the  council’s  trading  standards  service  has  with  Hotpoint  UK 
Appliances  Ltd  is  a  limited  one  involving  a  monthly  review  of the  complaints  received by the  Citizens 
Advice Consumer Service and trading standards services around the country.  

Neither this service nor Hotpoint UK Appliances Ltd has received any other complaint about the identified 
parts  overheating  or  causing  a  fire.  Since  the  receipt  of  the  Prevention  of  Future  Deaths  report,  the 
company has conducted forced failure testing going beyond that required by the Standard. The testing 
was conducted at an in-house facility in Italy so could not be observed by a trading standards officer, 
however, it was overseen by 
 is a member of the 
IEC TC89 Committee reviewing safety standards for Fire Hazard, and it has been confirmed that she was 
fully aware of the Bhatt case and the verdict. The filters and pumps passed all the tests.  

, of the Beko Europe Safety team. 

The company has conducted a risk assessment taking into account the absence of other complaints and 
the test outcomes. This indicates that a recall is not necessary and does not identify any improvements 
to the components.  

There is a model of the tumble dryer containing the condensate pump referred to in your report which is 
no longer manufactured but is still available on the market. I have asked the trading standards service to 
arrange for testing against the Standard of a test purchase of the model as an additional check on the 
company’s findings.  

OFFICIAL 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 Hotpoint UK Appliances Ltd has confirmed that it will comply with any changes in the law introduced as 
a result of your recommendations, and officers will review such compliance as part of future primary 
authority meetings. 

Chief Executive 

OFFICIAL
Response from Office for Product and Safety Standards (PDF)
Office for Product Safety and Standards 
Cannon House 
18 The Priory Queensway 
Birmingham 
B4 6BS 

General enquiries: +44 (0)121 345 1201 

31 January 2025 

Peter H Straker 
Assistant Coroner 
North London Coroner’s Service  
Barnet Coroner’s Court 
29 Wood Street 
London EN5 4BE 
By email: 

Dear Mr Straker, 

Thank  you  for  sharing  your  Regulation  28  Report  to  Prevent  Future  Deaths,  dated  6 
December  2024,  following  your  investigation  and  inquest  into  the  deaths  of  Ms 
Champagauri Bhatt and Mr Dipak Bhatt, from inhalation injuries sustained due to a fire 
caused by an electrical fault in a tumble dryer. 

I was very sorry to hear of Champagauri and Dipak’s deaths. If you have the opportunity, 
please do pass on my deepest sympathies to their family and friends.  

The Office for Product Safety and Standards (OPSS), within the Department for Business 
and Trade, is the UK’s national product regulator, responsible for the regulation of most 
consumer goods, including electrical appliances. OPSS was made aware of this incident 
by London Fire Brigade on 31 March 2023, and took the following steps - we made contact 
with  the  manufacturer  of  the  tumble  dryer,  Hotpoint  UK  Appliances  Ltd,  and  with  the 
relevant local authority that leads the regulation of the business through Primary Authority, 
North Yorkshire County Council. Following OPSS’ evaluation of the early information in 
this incident, it was agreed with North Yorkshire County Council that they would lead the 
investigation in this case. OPSS remains in regular contact with the Council and continues 
to offer them any necessary support. I understand that they also received a copy of your 
report and will be responding to you directly. 

You may be aware that in 2018-2019, OPSS was the lead regulator overseeing a 
national recall affecting up to 5 million tumble dryers, sold under the Hotpoint, Indesit, 
Swan, Creda and ProLine brands. That recall was instigated to address a risk of fire 
caused by fluff coming into contact with heating elements within the dryers.  We have 
no evidence to suggest that the model in this incident was involved in the earlier recall.  

The Office for Product Safety and Standards (OPSS) delivers consumer protection and supports business confidence, 
productivity and growth. It is part of the Department for Business and Trade. 

gov.uk/opss 

 
 
 
   
 
 Office for Product Safety and Standards 
Cannon House 
18 The Priory Queensway 
Birmingham 
B4 6BS 

General enquiries: +44 (0)121 345 1201 

I would like to address the matters of concern in your report which OPSS is best placed 
to consider.  

You have raised the issue of data and information sharing between manufacturers and 
regulators, particularly when manufacturers are investigating potential safety issues with 
their products. Under the Electrical Equipment (Safety) Regulations 2016, 
manufacturers of electrical goods are already required to notify regulators when they 
become aware of a safety issue with a product they have placed on the market. The 
Regulations also provide regulators with powers to require information from 
manufacturers or other persons in the supply chain regarding product safety issues, and 
to require corrective actions to ensure they are addressed.  

OPSS has also established a process of information sharing with London Fire Brigade 
(LFB)  and other Fire and  Rescue  Services  (FRS)  to  collect  information  about product-
related fires, known as Product-related Fire Notifications (PFNs). In more serious cases, 
including  those  involving  serious  injuries  or  fatalities,  fire  investigators  can  undertake 
detailed  investigations  to  determine  the  cause,  defect  or  failure  that  led  to  a  product-
related fire breaking out. OPSS has been gathering this information  in partnership with 
LFB since 2020, and other FRS since February 2023, when OPSS published guidance 
Product-Related Fire Incident Notifications - GOV.UK to assist and support FRS to report 
product-related fires.  

This approach helps OPSS in identifying products that may be putting people at risk, so 
we can consider and take any action necessary. As an example, OPSS were notified of 
reports from  several FRS  of  fires  in  the  UK caused  by  the  same UPP  brand of  e-bike 
battery. OPSS was able to carry out enforcement action to prohibit online marketplaces, 
online sellers and the manufacturer from supplying the battery in the UK. OPSS continues 
to actively promote the value of reporting product-related fires to individual FRS and fire 
investigation teams, and the role it can play in dealing with unsafe products.  

The Government has introduced a new Product Regulation and Metrology Bill, which is 
currently going through Parliament. The Bill includes provisions that will facilitate, among 
other things, information exchange on product safety issues and includes powers to make 
regulations  for  information  sharing  and  co-operation  with,  for  example,  emergency 
services in future. It also includes powers to amend our existing product regulations to 
strengthen notification requirements, should that be necessary in future. 

The Office for Product Safety and Standards (OPSS) delivers consumer protection and supports business confidence, 
productivity and growth. It is part of the Department for Business and Trade. 

gov.uk/opss 

 
 
 
 
 
 Office for Product Safety and Standards 
Cannon House 
18 The Priory Queensway 
Birmingham 
B4 6BS 

General enquiries: +44 (0)121 345 1201 

You have raised the issue of manufacturer risk assessments. Those supplying electrical 
equipment  such  as  tumble  dryers  are  already  required  to  carry  out  pre-market  risk 
assessments when assessing the overall conformity of their products to the requirements 
in the regulations, and document these actions. This includes risks that might arise from 
the product’s use in instances of predictable human behaviour, such as when people are 
asleep.  OPSS’  PRISM  tool  is  a  post-market  risk  assessment  methodology  for  product 
regulators  to  use  across  the  broad  spectrum  of  consumer products.  While  businesses 
can consider the use of PRISM, it is their responsibility to determine how to fully identify 
and mitigate risks that might arise in their specific products before they are placed on the 
market, and fulfil their safety obligations in the regulations.  

I know that you have also addressed your report to the British Standards Institution (BSI) 
regarding your recommendation that BSI Committee CPL/61 should review the voluntary 
standards  concerning  the  manufacture  of  mains  and  sub  mains  operated  condensate 
pumps  and  RFI  filters,  to  consider  whether  they  should  be  improved.  I  would  like  to 
reassure you that OPSS is committed to supporting any changes to  product standards 
that  could  help  raise  safety  levels  further.  Representatives  from  OPSS  attend  this 
Committee,  and  we  will  work  with  BSI  to  update  and  improve  the  standard  wherever 
necessary.  

You  also  raised  the  issue  of  product  identification  plates.  The  Electrical  Equipment 
(Safety) Regulations 2016 require that before placing electrical equipment on the market, 
a manufacturer must ensure that it bears a type, batch or serial number or other element 
allowing its identification, and is marked with the contact details at which the manufacturer 
can be contacted. BSI have previously been asked by Ministers to consider the feasibility 
for  fire  resistant  identification  marking  for  large  electrical  appliances  to  be  included  in 
international standards. In response, BSI commissioned a working group to explore how 
a  requirement  for  fire-resistant  marking  could  work  in  practice.  This  working  group  is 
currently trialing a pilot approach to enabling the identification of fire-damaged appliances 
and supporting their traceability. We are seeking an update from BSI on the progress of 
this pilot project.  

I  hope  that  Champagauri  and  Dipak’s  family  are  reassured  that  this  tragic  incident  is 
already being considered by product regulators. While North Yorkshire County Council is 
taking the lead in investigating this case, OPSS will continue to engage with them and 
other stakeholders, so that we can provide any support needed and can learn from any 

The Office for Product Safety and Standards (OPSS) delivers consumer protection and supports business confidence, 
productivity and growth. It is part of the Department for Business and Trade. 

gov.uk/opss 

 
 
 
 
 
 Office for Product Safety and Standards 
Cannon House 
18 The Priory Queensway 
Birmingham 
B4 6BS 

General enquiries: +44 (0)121 345 1201 

lessons that may have wider implications for the safety of this or other similar products in 
future.  

Thank you again for writing to OPSS on this matter. I would be grateful if you could 
share a copy of this letter with colleagues who may find it useful.  

Kind regards, 

Chief Executive 
OPSS 

The Office for Product Safety and Standards (OPSS) delivers consumer protection and supports business confidence, 
productivity and growth. It is part of the Department for Business and Trade. 

gov.uk/opss
Response from The Home Office (PDF)
Mr P. Straker
Assistant Coroner
North London Coroner’s Service

DECS Reference: 

Dear Mr Staker,

Minister of State for Policing, Fire
and Crime Prevention
2 Marsham Street
London SW1P 4DF
www.gov.uk/home-office

3 February 2025

I refer to your report dated 18 December 2024 provided in accordance with your duty 
under paragraph 7, Schedule 5 of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009, and Regulations 28 
and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013.  Please accept my sincere 
apologies for not getting this to you by the deadline of 31 January 2025.

I offer my sincerest condolences to the family and friends of Champagauri and Dipak 
Bhatt.

I understand from your report that the inquest concluded that Champagauri and Dipak 
Bhatt died from inhalation injuries following a fire caused by an electrical fault in a tumble 
dryer.  You have suggested that changes in information management would result in better
analysis of, and learning from, white goods fires, but there is no explanation in your report 
as to which aspects of information management need to change.

In the absence of more information, it is not possible to provide a specific response to your
recommendation.  However, it may be helpful to note that as soon as a fatal fire is 
confirmed a suitably qualified Fire Investigation Officer is asked to attend and a Tier 2 Fire 
Investigation is undertaken.  These investigations are led by the police who produce a 
forensic investigation plan.  The Fire Investigation Officer undertakes their own inspection 
as part of this process and produces a report of their findings which they submit to the 
Police.

In addition, Fire and Rescue Services undertake their own fatal fire reviews, usually 
chaired by the Director or Assistant Director with responsibility for fire prevention. A fatal 
fire review report is then produced which includes any learning that can be taken from the 
incident. Where appropriate, this will be shared with other Fire and Rescue Services and 
relevant information may also be shared with external stakeholders (e.g. Safeguarding 
Boards, the Health and Safety Executive and Trading Standards) as part of the fire 
investigation process.

 Yours sincerely,

Minister of State for Policing, Fire and Crime Prevention

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