Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2026

Jack Burton

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2026-0274, written 3 Jun 2026. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report3 Jun 2026
Reference2026-0274
DeceasedJack Burton
CoronerDeborah Lakin
Coroner areaWorcestershire
Sourcejudiciary.uk record
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS
REGULATION 28 OF THE CORONERS (INVESTIGATIONS) REGULATIONS
2013

Please do not include any living persons’ names in this document, in
accordance with the Chief Coroner’s PFD Publication Policy (2026).

1.

2.

3.

CORONER
I am Deborah LAKIN, HM Assistant Coroner, for the coroner area of
Worcestershire.

DATE OF REPORT
03 June 2026

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS
I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice
Act 2009 and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations)
Regulations 2013.

4.

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO

1.  Herefordshire & Worcestershire Health & Care NHS Trust

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this
report, namely by July 26, 2026. I, the coroner, may extend the period if an
appropriate application is made.

5.

YOUR RESPONSE
Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken,
setting out the timetable for action. Otherwise, you must explain why no action
is proposed.

I have a duty to send a copy of your response to the Chief Coroner.

In accordance with the Chief Coroner’s Publication Policy, you should send
me any representations regarding publication of your response. These
representations should be made at the same time as the response is provided.
I will pass any representations received to the Chief Coroner for a decision.

Please note any links to webpages included in the response will not be
checked for sensitive information prior to publication, as the information is
already online.

The names of those who do not respond to PFD reports are regularly
published on the Chief Coroner’s webpages Non-responses to Prevention of
Future Death (PFD) reports - Courts and Tribunals Judiciary.

6.

SUMMARY OF CORONER’S CONCERN

 ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN
In my opinion unless action is taken to address the above concerns then there
is a significant risk of future deaths and I believe each of you have the power
to take such action.

8.

INVESTIGATION AND INQUEST

On 04 February 2026 I commenced an investigation and opened an inquest
into the death of Jack Horace BURTON aged 29. The investigation concluded
at the end of the inquest on 14 May 2026. The conclusion of the inquest was
that:
Narrative Conclusion - Jack Horace Burton died on 7 October 2025 at 76
Moorland Road, Scarborough, North Yorkshire of Clozapine toxicity. Mr Burton
had been prescribed Clozapine for schizophrenia and he was a smoker, who
had been regularly advised that any cessation of smoking would increase
Clozapine levels. Mr Burton stopped smoking tobacco on or before 4 October
2025. On the evidence it is likely that this led to a fatal increase in Clozapine
blood levels.

9.

CIRCUMSTANCES OF DEATH

The deceased resided in Worcester and was under primary and secondary
healthcare services in that area. He had a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia
and was prescribed Clozapine by his community psychiatrist. He died while on
holiday in North Yorkshire and the results of the post-mortem and toxicology
indicate his death was due to Clozapine toxicity. His sister confirmed that Jack
was a heavy smoker and was taking 525mg Clozapine nightly as prescribed,
which is the correct dose when he is smoking, however whilst they have been
on holiday he did not smoke . If he had stopped or reduced his smoking he
should have informed his psychiatrist to reduce the amount of Clozapine he
was taking , as this could cause seizures.

10. CORONER’S CONCERNS

During the course of the inquest I heard evidence giving rise to concern. In my
opinion there is a risk that future deaths could occur unless action is taken. In
the circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you.

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows:

1. There were inconsistent accounts provided to me by two consultant
psychiatrists, about the relevance of reduction in smoking, rather than
cessation of smoking, attributable to there being no guidance available to
doctors on this issue.
2. The evidence revealed that there is no guidance on any standardised
practice available to practitioners relating to asking questions and recording

 answers given when discussing possible symptoms of side effects of the
medication. Practitioners can therefore make no record if no information is
provided, which does not indicate whether questions were asked.

11. COPIES AND PUBLICATION OF THIS REPORT

I have a duty to send a copy of my report to every Interested Person who in
my opinion should receive it.

I also may send a copy of the report to any other person who I believe may
find it useful or of interest.

I can confirm I have sent the report to:
[please do not use individual’s names, but instead roles/titles]

(cid:127) 

I also have a duty to send a copy of the report to the Chief Coroner.

You may make representations to me, the coroner, about the publication of the
contents of this report in line with Chief Coroner’s PFD Publication Policy
(2026). Any representations will be sent to the Chief Coroner alongside the
report. Please refer to box 4 above for additional information relating to the
publication of reports and responses.

12. SIGNATURE

Deborah LAKIN
HM Assistant Coroner for
Worcestershire

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Herefordshire and Worcestershire NHS Trust
Chief Executives Office
2 Kings Court
Charles Hastings Way
Worcester
WR5 1JR

25 June 2026

HM Assistant Coroner
Martins Way
Stourport-on-Severn
Worcestershire
DY13 8UN

Dear Deborah Lakin,

Re: Regulation 28 response – Jack Horace Burton

Thank you for forwarding on your Regulation 28 report, the concerns that you raised have
been noted and I respond to your matters of concern as below:-

1.  There  were  inconsistent  accounts  provided  to  me  by  two  Consultant  Psychiatrists,
about  the  relevance  in  reduction  in  smoking,  rather  than  cessation  of  smoking,
attributable to there being no guidance available to doctors on this issue.

Herefordshire and Worcestershire Health and Care Trust have Clozapine Treatment Guidelines
in date and available on the Trust Intranet site.

This  guidance  was  authored  by 
Pharmacist, Mental Health, Herefordshire.

,  Chief  Pharmacist  and  Juliet  Shepherd,  Lead

The guidance was ratified in February 2022 and has had regular review with a current review
date of February 2029.  Please find the document attached.

The guidelines make clear reference to the impact of both smoking cessation and reduction.

“Smoking Cessation.

The  aromatic  hydrocarbons  in  tobacco  smoke  induce  the  enzyme  CYP1A2  –  which  reduces
plasma clozapine levels. Therefore, a person who smokes tobacco regularly may need a higher
dose of clozapine than someone who does not smoke tobacco. If a patient reduces their level of
smoking  tobacco  the  level  of  clozapine  available  in  their  body  will  rise.  This  change  can  be
dramatic and potentially result in overdose or toxic plasma levels of clozapine.”

 The Trust would also like to point out there is clear national guidance available on this issue in
the link below:

Managing specific interactions with smoking – NHS SPS - Specialist Pharmacy Service – The
first stop for professional medicines advice

2.  The evidence revealed that there is no guidance on any standardised practice available
to  practitioners  relating  to  asking  questions  and  recording  answers  given  when
discussing  possible  symptoms  of  side  effects  of  the  medication.  Practitioners  can
therefore make no record if no information is provided, which does not indicate whether
questions were asked.

Herefordshire and Worcestershire Health and Care Trust have a standard operating procedure,
Community  Mental  Health  Team’s  Clozapine  Clinic  Guidance  and  Promotion  of  Health  &
Wellbeing, this document is in date and available on the Trust intranet.  Please find the document
attached.

As  documented  within  the  standard  operating  procedure  it  is  standard  practice  for  Trust
practitioners  to  monitor  for  any  side  effects  of  Clozapine,  and  this  is  completed  by  using  the
Glasgow Antipsychotic Side-effect Scale (GASS). The outputs from this are then recorded with
the patient electronic health record and followed up as clinically indicated.

In  further  response  to  the  concerns  raised  by  the  Coroner,  the  Trust  has  re-issued  both
documents to the mental health clinical workforce.  Follow-up actions will be undertaken to ensure
that both newly appointed and existing staff are aware of, and comply with, the guidelines.

Yours sincerely

Chief Executive

Enc.

Related reports

Other reports by Deborah Lakin

See all →

Track Deborah Lakin

See every Prevention of Future Deaths report matching Deborah Lakin, and how often a new one appears.

What would an alert for this have sent me? Search the full text

Free to try — the preview shows the real matches and how many arrived in the last 12 months. Your first email alert is free.

These reports are published by the Chief Coroner's office at judiciary.uk and are © Crown copyright. The text here is reproduced from the published PDF so it can be searched. If something on this page is wrong, or you are a person named in it and want it reviewed, email drcjar@gmail.com and we will act promptly.