Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2014

Audrey Daws

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2014-0318, written 9 Jun 2014. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report9 Jun 2014
Reference2014-0318
DeceasedAudrey Daws
CoronerAndrew Cox
Coroner areaPlymouth, Torbay & South Devon
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Organisation namedUniversity Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses publishednone published

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28:  REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

This report is made under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners 
and Justice Act 2009 and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners 
(Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

Recipients 

This report is being set to: 

(Husband) 
 (Son) 
Medical Director Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust 

 
 
 

Coroner 

I  am  ANDREW  JAMES  COX.  Assistant  Coroner  for  the  area  of  Plymouth, 
Torbay and South Devon. 

Coroner’s legal powers 

I  make  this  report  under  paragraph  7,  Schedule  5,  of  the  Coroners  and  Justice 
Act 2009 and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 
2013. 

Investigation and Inquest 

On  12  October  2012  I  commenced  an  investigation  into  the  death  of  Audrey 
Christine DAWS, then aged 84 years.  The investigation concluded at the end of 
the inquest on 2 July 2014.  

The cause of death was found to be: 

1a 

Peritonitis and Bronchopneumonia; 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1b 

Perforated Gastric Ulcer (Treated). 

The  conclusion  of  the  inquest  was  that  Mrs  Daws  died  from  Natural  Causes  to 
which Neglect contributed.   

Circumstances of death 

Mrs  Daws  was  admitted  to  the  Emergency  Department  at  Derriford  Hospital  at 
12.38  on  Friday  5  October  2012.    She  complained  of  chest  pain,  a  burning 
sensation and feeling clammy. 

At  14.30  hours  she  was  examined  by  a  Junior  Doctor 
  who  was 
concerned to exclude an acute coronary syndrome as a cause of her symptoms.  
She took a sample of blood so that Mrs Daws’ troponin levels could be checked.  
She did not order a chest X-ray. 

 noted that Mrs Daws was tender in the upper abdomen.  She admitted 

Mrs Daws into the Medical Assessment Unit. 

At 18.15 hours Mrs Daws was examined again by another doctor 
 in 
the  MAU.    She  did  not  believe  there  was  a  cardiac  cause  to  Mrs  Daws’ 
symptoms but accepted that it was necessary to exclude this.  She took a further 
sample  of  blood  as  the  first  one  had  broken  down  and  was  not  suitable  for 
testing. 

She  also  ordered  the  patient’s  old  medical  notes  and  records.    She  wanted  to 
see if the left bundle branch block  found on ECG had existed at the time of any 
earlier ECG. 

 requested a chest X-ray. 

At  19.04  hours  Surgeon 
  examined  Mrs.  Daws.    In 
evidence  he  said  that  he  would  have  expected  an  X-ray  result  to  have  been 
available within two to four hours of having been requested.  It was not available 
at the time of his Ward round. 

and Surgeon 

 completed their shifts and left the 
Hospital.  The results of the X-ray were not to hand.  Indeed, Mrs Daws had not 
been for X-ray at that time. 

It  was  not  clear  what  information  in  relation  to  Mrs  Daws  was  conveyed  to  the 
r 
doctors  coming  on  to  perform  the  night  shift  on  the  MAU.    In  her  evidence 
 said she would have expected to have told them that the results of the X-
ray were still awaited.  It appears as though nothing was done to chase the X-ray 
during  the  entire  course  of  the  night  shift.    Shortly  after  midnight,  I  understand 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 that Mrs Daws was moved to a Ward in the Hospital.  I heard no evidence as to 
what, if any, information was exchanged during the transfer. 

At 11.19 hours on Saturday 6 October Mrs Daws underwent her chest X-ray. 

She was reviewed by another junior doctor, 
later.  He checked the image system but the result was not then available. 

 approximately 10 minutes 

In  his  evidence, 
  said  that  he  was  not  clear  whether  the  X-ray  still 
needed to be requested.  The reason for his apparent confusion was that while 
his junior colleague, 
 had suggested this when she saw Mrs Daws at 
18.15  there  was  nothing  in  the  notes  from  the  Senior  Review  conducted  by 

 to indicate whether or not he confirmed this approach. 

 appears not to have asked the patient whether she had gone for an X-
ray  and  further  appears  not  to  have  checked  the  position  with  any  seniors  on 
duty during the course of that shift. 

A further point to come out of 
formal handover in respect of Mrs Daws from the night shift. 

 evidence was that he did not receive a 

  reviewed  Mrs  Daws  at  16.49  the  same  day.    She  had  presented  as 
much  improved  but  as  she  had  vomited  he  decided  that  she  should  remain  in 
Hospital for further observation. 

 said that he did not then check the imaging system to see whether the 
results of any X-ray were to hand.  He explained this by saying that he had asked 
nursing staff whether Mrs Daws had been off the Ward.  When they told him she 
had not (incorrectly) he did not believe that it was necessary to look for the result 
of the X-ray. 

No one from the night shift appears to have checked whether the results of the X-
ray had come back. 

On  Sunday  7  October  Mrs  Daws  suffered  a  fall.    She  was  then  examined  by 
medical  staff  as  her  condition  had  deteriorated.    It  was  only  at  approximately 
midday  that  the  result  of  the  X-ray  was  discovered.    It  showed  air  under  the 
diaphragm indicating a perforation. 

Subsequently, Mrs. Daws underwent surgery but her condition deteriorated and 
she died. 

Coroner’s concerns 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 During  the  course  of  the  inquest  the  evidence  revealed  matters  giving  rise  to 
concern. In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is 
taken. In the circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The matters of concern are as follows.   

1.  Handover of Information.  The need for Mrs Daws to undergo a chest X-
ray and for the result to be checked appears to have been lost as medical 
staff have changed at the end/start of consecutive shifts.  You may wish to 
consider whether there needs to be a formal handover in respect of every 
patient where outstanding investigations are highlighted. 

2.  A  chest  X-ray  should  have  been  ordered  at  the  time  of  Mrs  Daws 

admission into the emergency department.  

One was ordered approximately four hours later but it was not performed 
for  nearly  17  hours.    This  was  described  as  “inexplicable”  during  the 
Inquest  hearing.    It  is  plainly  undesirable  for  an  investigation  that  is 
considered urgent to be delayed for so long without anyone identifying the 
issue. 

Related to this issue is that once the X-ray was performed, the result was 
not  seen  by  medical  staff  for  over  24  hours.    No  satisfactory  explanation 
was put forward as to why this occurred. 

Action should be taken 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you 
have  the  power  to  take  such  action.      I  heard  in  evidence  that  if  an  X-ray  had 
been taken within two to four hours of Mrs Daws admission into Hospital then it 
was more likely than not that she would have survived. 

In relation to the X-ray result not being reviewed for 24 hours, is it possible for the 
X-ray  to  be  sent  with  some  form  of  read  receipt?    Is  it  possible  to  set  up  a 
process  so  that  if  no  receipt  is  sent  within  a  suitable  period,  an  alarm  is  then 
raised for the X-ray to be reviewed by a member of medical staff. 

Your response 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this 
report, namely by 8 September 2014. I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Your  response  must  contain  details  of  action  taken  or  proposed  to  be  taken, 
setting out the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is 
proposed. 

Copies and publication 

I  have  sent  a  copy  of  my  report  to  the  Chief  Coroner  and  to  the  following 
Interested Persons 

 and 

, 

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.  

The  Chief  Coroner  may  publish  either  or  both  in  a  complete  or  redacted  or 
summary form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes 
may  find  it  useful  or  of  interest.  You  may  make  representations  to  me,  the 
coroner, at the time of your response, about the release or the publication of your 
response by the Chief Coroner. 

A J COX 
Assistant Coroner – Plymouth Torbay and South Devon area 

Date      9 June 2014
Also filed under 2014-0318: 2014-0318-Plymouth-Hospital-NHS-Trust.pdf
iSBG-12

Plymouth Hospitals

NHS Trust

Dr Philip M Hughes MBBS MRCP FRCR
Medical Director and Cons. Radiologist

Chief Executive Office, Level 7
Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, Devon PL6 8DH

Tel:
Fax: 0845 155 8228

ce

49" August 2014

A J Cox

Assistant Coroner

Plymouth, Torbay & South Devon
3 The Crescent

Plymouth

PL1 3AB

Dear Andrew
Re: REGULATION 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS — A Daws (deceased)

1am writing to formally respond on behalf of Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust following receipt of
your Regulation 28 report in respect of the Audrey Daws’ inquest. Your report highlighted
specific issues with regard to patient handover arrangements and delays in radiography for
admissions into the Emergency Department.

Patient Handover

We have made a number of changes to the handover process, both in relation to medical and
nursing procedures. Whilst these professional processes are complimentary, | have
summarised the key aspects of each of these areas below.

Nursing Handover

° A new handover record has been introduced, which captures outstanding nursing
issues, which would include outstanding tests and assessments of risk, including the risk
of falls, skin damage and cognitive impairments.

e Patients are not moved off the MAU at night, unless under extreme circumstances.

e Each ward has a plan for every patient (this involves a whiteboard with a clear plan of
daily investigations together with the tests ordered and expected for each patient, which
can be tracked by nursing and medical staff). A second board, which includes tests or
treatment which are urgent for the on-call doctors is evident by the nurses station. The
plans for each patient are discussed on a daily basis with nursing and medical staff.

e There is a daily handover sheet amongst the nursing teams to ensure that the summary
of plan for each patient is communicated to all staff.

Working in Partnership with the Peninsula Medical School

Chairman: Richard Crompton Chief Executive: Ann James.

Medical Handover

e There is a full handover of every patient on the MAU with outstanding tests — no patient
is transferred until all tests have been reviewed and there has been a verbal and written
handover to the receiving team on the ward.

e All patients with chest pain are now radiographed on the way to the MAU, rather than the
test being requested on the MAU and the patient having to return to the Emergency
Department for the test.

e There are now formal shift handovers for every on-call team, both within the week and
weekend, which manage the transfer of information between shifts and identify
outstanding tests and cases of concern.

e The level of 7 day cover at senior level on the acute wards has increased, particularly
within acute medicine, and most of the acute medical wards now have Consultant led
weekend ward rounds. This has only been the case for the last 12 months. The acuity
of this Consultant supervision is increasing. This change will, | am ensure, improve
patient safety and support effective clinical decision-making.

Radiography Delays

Within the last 18 months, we have established strict standards which define a level of
expectation for the performance of tests requested by various services. In relation to the MAU,
there is a 4 hour standard which is monitored monthly — this shows that there is currently a
median delay of 2 hours between request and performance of the examination. It is also worth
noting that a significant number of tests are performed in less than an hour, with very few at 4
hours and no extreme outliers over the last year. In relation to patients on the ward, there is a
24 hour standard. Irrespective of either of these standards, any patient can be identified as
urgent and the examination expedited by telephone or personal communication with the
inpatient radiographic team.

As indicated previously, many of the patients have their radiographs in transition between the
Emergency Department and MAU. There is no delay in these patients receiving their
radiograph whatsoever and these patients have been excluded from the data, which would in
effect reduce the median time, were they to be included. With regard to patients being
requested for radiograph that might have their examinations overnight | have asked that these
examinations be performed irrespective of whether or not the patient is sleeping, on account of
the fact that these patients may have been administered opiates.

All of the improvements outlined in this letter have been implemented over the last 12 months in
an attempt to improve communication and safety in relation to patient processes and transfers
within the hospital. | trust this response provides you with sufficient assurance that we are taking
appropriate actionto-prevent any harm coming to our patients. However, please do not hesitate
to contact mé if you have any queries or if you require any further information.

vA

?

Yours éincerel

Medical Director

Working in Partnership with the Peninsula Medical School

Chairman: Richard Crompton Chief Executive: Ann James

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