Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2014

Yahya Khan

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2014-0334, written 22 Jul 2014. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report22 Jul 2014
Reference2014-0334
DeceasedYahya Khan
CoronerEdward Thomas
Coroner areaHertfordshire
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses publishednone published

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

CORONER'S OFFICE
DISTRICT  OF HERTFORDSHIRE
The  Old Courthouse, St Albans nogg-E?lt:  Hameld' Hertfordshire' AL10 oES
DX:  100702  Hatfield
Tel: 01707  292780 Fax 01707  897399
MR EDWARD  G. THOMAS Senior  coroner
MR GRAHAM DAN"u*t,tlfilGisiit'oiloiio' oi'*N  GR'EF'  EDwARD soLoMoNs

22 July 2014

Via email; nice@nice.orq.uK

Sir Andrew  Dillon
Chief  Executive
National  Institute  of Health  & Care Excellence
Level  1a City Tower
Picadilly  Plaza
Manchester
M1 4BT

Your  Ref:  t.b.a
Our  Ref: 1872-2012

Dear Sir Dillon,

Re: Yahya Ahmad  KHAN,  deceased
I am writing  to you  under the provisions  of Schedule  5 (paragraph  7) of the Coroners  and
Justice Act 2009 which  came  into force  in July  2013. This  reenacted the provisions of the old
Rule 43 of the Coroners  Rules '1984.  Attached to this letter is information concerning the  new
rules and  regulations  from  which you will see  a written response  is required  from you. Copies  of
this letter and  the response received  from  you to be foruarded to the other interested persons
properly identified  at the Inquest in accordance  with the  list attached. I am also  sending  a copy
of this letter to the Care  Qualitv  Commission  in Newcastle and  the Department  of Health  for
their  general  information.

On  the 10'n  June  2014 I concluded an inquest  into the tragic  death of Yahya  Ahmad Khan (who
I will hereafter  refer to as Yahya).  Please  find attached  a copy  of the Record of Inquest  from
which  I concluded that Yahya  had died from an undiagnosed  natural condition,  namely  acute
appendicitis. I am told  by experienced  clinicians  who attended  the  inquest  that this  condition  is
extremely rare  in a child  under  the age  of 2yrs and with all their wealth of experience  they  could
only identify two cases that any  of them had previously  been  involved with.  The post mortem
report  showed that Yahya suffered  from  an acute  gangrenous  appendicitis  with  surrounding
abscesses which  had  not caused  acute peritonitis.  There were  multiple  abscesses  in the liver
secondary  to the infection  in the appendix  and there  was right  pleurisy.

Yahya  was a very well care for contented child who had reached all his developmental
milestones. He had not suffered  any  illnesses until he started to have diarrhoea  and vomiting
from the  15h July 2012.  At the time his parents  who lived  in Hertfordshire  were visiting Yahya's
grandparents  in Dan,lren  in Lancashire  when his temperature became  raised and the extended

Cont'd...

 Page  Two

Yahya  KHAN

family's GP in Oarwen  diagnosed a mild viral  gastroenteritis. The symptoms  including  that  of a
raised temperature  persisted  so Yahya  was taken  by his parents to the A&E  Department at
Addenbrookes  Hospital on Sunday  the 22^6  July 2012.  He was  seen  by a junior registrar  who
carried  out a thorough examination noting  that the  temperature  at that  point  was 39.8.  Yahya's
abdomen was  noted  to be soft and there were  normal  bowel  sounds.  His  findings  were
discussed  with two more senior  colleagues,  one of whom  was a dedicated  Paediatric
Emergency  Medicine  Specialist  Registrar.  The conclusion  was that  Yahya had suffered  lrom  a
common  childhood  illness  and a leaflet was given  with  a suggestion  of a urine  sample  being
tested through the general  practitioner.  No blood tests were  carried  out or other  investigation
took place and  no urine  sample  was taken  to the  GP for  testing.

Yahya's  condition  continued to be a concern to his  parents.  His  mother  being  a doctor at the
Lister  Hospital  attempted  to discuss the matter  with  a Paediatric  consultant on the 28'July but
unfortunately  she was involved  in a number  of critical  emergencies  for  children.  The  family  then
took Yahya  to the Lister  A&E  Department  the next day  and was seen  by an out  of hours dodor
who referred  him  immediately  to the  paediatric team.  By that time  Yahya's  temperature  on
assessment  was  37.8, his throat was  said to be pink and his abdomen was soft.  Other
examinations  were  normal.  Again the diagnosis was  made of mild simple  diarrhoea and
vomiting  secondary  to gastroenteritis.  He was kept  in hospital  for  about  four hours  during  which
he successfully passed  his fluid challenge  and there  was no further vomiting  or dianhoea.  A
stool sample was obtained  but unfortunately appears  not to have  reached the laboratory.  No
follow up was arranged nor were any  blood  or urine tests carried or scanning. Yahya's parents
were  not aware  that the  stool  sample  had  not been tested until  after  his death.

Yahya's  mother  reported that the vomiting  settled some  three or four days  after  this second
Sunday  visit to hospital. She  contacted the Paediatric  Registrar  the  following  day as there was
a trace  of pink mucus  in his  stool which was then  resolved and  generally  his  vomiting  settled
and  he was  having  normal  bowel  movements  together  with  an improvement in his  temperature.

Yahya  was  seen  by a Health  Visitor  on the  9'n August  for  a developmental assessment.  He was
seen then to be in a little  discomfort  and the Health Visitor  offered to DostDone  the
developmental  assessment  but he cooperated.  She put down  the discomfort  to his  teething.
Two days later on the 11'"  August Yahya collapsed  at home and had  to be resuscitated in the
ambulance  taking him to the  Lister  Hospital.  He was  not able to be resuscitated  and death
confirmed.  The paediatrician  noted  an enlarged  liver and enlarged  spleen.

Much  discussion  took  place  at the Inquest  relating to your  helpful  guidelines  in reference to
NICE  clinical  guidance  47 which was  applicable  at the time and your clinical  guidance 160
which  you  issued  in lray 2013. Discussions  particularly  took place  in relation  to your references
1.5 - 8.1 (pages  28-29)  and  it was wondered  whether  it might  be helpful  to include  in thosei-

.  Reoeated  visits  to healthcare  orofessions
.  Previous  consultation/s should  be considered  in any decision as  to what  tests should  be

carried  out and whether or not to admit to hosoital.

Cont'd.....

 Page Three

Yahya  KHAN

It was also debated  as to whether it would be helpful to include  also  in the  diagnosis
possibilities,  surgical conditions, and  possibly  the  very rare appendicitis in under 2yr olds  made
a specific  consideration.

Both consultations in the  A&E Departments  were  on a Sunday  when it would be very difficult  to
obtain GP records and  perhaps in except in an emergency even  records from other  hospitals
An issue that has been raised with  me on previous occasions  is the fact that particularly at
weekends  A&E DeDartments  have difficulties  as there  is no unified  electronic  patient records
sYstem.

I had the  benefit  of an extremely  helpful serious  incident  investigation carried  out by  a
consultant  Paediatrician  together with  expert advice from a consultant Paediatric  Surgeon
from Great  Ormond  Street  Hospital. Both  emphasised  the  need to take  into account  that
Yahya's  prolonged  illness should  have been seen  as a linked  process  rather than  a series  of
separate events  with  different  consultations  in different  organisations  Collectively  over a
period  of time such symptoms should  have  considered  the use  of tests such as blood  tests  and
scanning  and 9!S!!!lg  lhat  they are  carried  out. The reviewer felt that the use of teething to
account  for  such  symptoms  should be discouraged.

Yahya's  death was  so tragic as if his appendicitis  had  been  diagnosed  there  is no doubt  it
would  have  been  successfully  surgically removed.

I hope that  my drawing your attention  to this case  and to some of the comments  made will be
helpful  and I look forward to hearing  on your comments  in due  course.  As you will note lwill be
sending  a copy  of this letter  to the CQC  as  they  have  an inspection role  in hospitals  and also to
the Department  of Health particularly  over the issue of having a uniform electronic  patient
fecords  system.

The rules  require  a response  within 56 days  of receipt  of this letter which I calculate as the 16s
September  20'14.  Should you have  difficulties complying  with  this timescale  please contact  me
beforehand  wilh your reason  in order for  me  to consider  whether an extension is applicable.

Many thanks  for  your anticipated  assistance  in this  matter.

Yours  sincerely

Edward  Th
H N/|  Coron

 CORONER'S OFFICE
DISTRICT  OF HERTFORDSHIRE

Requlation  28

I am reporting  this  matter  to you in accordance  with Regulation  28 yhit lt^" lyly
under paragLph 7(1) of Schedule  5 of the Coroner  and Justice  Act 2009. This
Rule piovidis  ihat *here the evidence of an Inquest  gives  rise to a concern that
circumstances  creating a risk of other  deaths  will occur  or will continue  to exist in
the future and in the coroner's  opinion  actions  should be taken to prevent  the
occurrence  or continuation  of such circumstances or to eliminate  or reduce the
risk of death created by such circumstances, the coroner may report the
circumstances  to a person  who may have power to take such action.

ln accordance  with Regulation 28, a copy  of this report  is being sent  to the Chiet
Coroner  and all other  proper  interested  parties identified  at the Inquest.  Your
response  to this report will be shared  with those listed.

The Chief  Coroner  may send a copy  of the report and response to any person
whom the Chief Coroner believes may find it useful,  or of interest, in addition he
may publish a full copy or summary  of the report in response (unless I have
decided otherwise in response  to a written  representation about the release and
publication  of your response).

Regulation  28 requires  that you give  a written response  within 56 days  of the day
the report  is sent. lf you  are unable to respond  within  that time, you may apply to
me for an extension. The  response  is to contain details  of any action  thai iras
been taken or which  it is proposed  will be taken whether in response  to this
report or otherwise,  or an explanation  as to why no action  is proposed.

lf there are circumstances  where  you do not want  your full response  to be shared
with  the copy  recipients referred  to above,  or for a-copy  of it to be puoristreo,lou
may make a. written representation to me at the time of giving you'. ,.e"ponse.
Instead  of releasing or pubrishing  your furr response it may be possibre to share
or publish  a summary  in accordance  with Regulation  2g.

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