Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2014

Mark Hudson

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2014-0478, written 4 Nov 2014. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report4 Nov 2014
Reference2014-0478
DeceasedMark Hudson
CoronerAlan Wilson
Coroner areaBlackpool & Fylde
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Organisation namedBlackpool Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28:  REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS (1) 

NOTE: This form is to be used after an inquest. 

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

1.  The Chief Executive, 
Blackpool Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 

1 

CORONER 

I am Alan Wilson, Senior Coroner, for the area of Blackpool & Fylde 

2 

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On 3rd September 2013 an investigation commenced into the death of Mark Bentley 
Hudson aged 50 years. The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest heard on 
8th October 2014. 

The record of the inquest confirmed as follows:  

The Medical cause of death was 
Ia Myocardial Infarction 
1b Severe Coronary Artery Disease and Thrombosis of the Right Coronary Artery 
Bypass Graft    

11 Left Pulmonary Embolus and Diffuse Alveolar Damage                                                   

The conclusion of the Coroner as to the death was a Narrative conclusion as follows: 

Mark Bentley Hudson was admitted to hospital on 20th August 2013 following 
three days of intermittent chest pain. After assessment he underwent urgent 
coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Although he initially appeared stable he 
went into cardiac arrest at approximately 22.45 hours on 25th August 2014 
necessitating cardiopulmonary resuscitation. At approximately 00.10 hours on 
27th August 2014 he again suffered a cardiac arrest. Efforts were made to ventilate 
him. Oesophageal intubation went unrecognised until the arrival of an 
anaesthetist. Despite efforts to revive him, death was pronounced at 01.15 hours 
later that morning.                       

4 

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

See the contents of section 3 above.  

1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                             
                            
        
                                                   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The inquest was informed that further to admission to hospital on 20th August 2013 and 
having undergone urgent and necessary cardiac surgery, the Deceased had suffered a 
cardiac arrest on 25th August 2013 but had been resuscitated and stabilised. 

However just after midnight on 27th August 2014 he went into ventricular fibrillation. 
Evidence was heard that a telephone call was made by staff on the Cardiac Intensive 
Care Unit [CICU] that the on - call Anaesthetist be bleeped with a view to her attending 
to provide assistance for Mr. Hudson. Shortly afterwards, the Anaesthetist having failed 
to appear at the CICU, two further requests were made by CICU staff for the 
Anaesthetist to be contacted.  

An Anaesthetist gave evidence to the effect that she does not recall receiving the first 
two of those requests to attend CICU.  

When the Hospital Trust undertook a Sudden Untoward Incident Review, it could not be 
established that the requests made by CICU staff had been received and acted upon. 
Switchboard staff are not expected to maintain a contemporaneous record of the calls 
they receive which require switchboard staff to then contact the Anaesthetist. The author 
of the internal review did accept that she could not rule out the possibility that the 
Anaesthetist had not been contacted in response to the first two requests and that the 
CICU staff had effectively been trying to maintain the Deceased’s airway whilst 
expecting the Anaesthetist to arrive imminently when she had not actually been notified. 

At the inquest this appeared to be an issue that had not been fully appreciated during 
the Hospital Trust’s internal review. 

Ultimately, the Anaesthetist did attend CICU to learn that a Surgical Registrar had - 
given the non appearance of an Anaesthetist - decided to take over airway management 
and attempted to intubate the Patient but that his airway had been compromised given 
that intubation had been carried out incorrectly. 

5 

CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In 
my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the 
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows.  –  

At the conclusion of the inquest, I indicated to the Interested Persons that I proposed to 
write to the Trust by way of a report in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 7 of 
Schedule 5 of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009. 

Having concluded this inquest, I now write to the Trust to confirm that in my view the 
Trust should take action because: 

Although encouraged by the steps that have been / are being taken internally at the 
Hospital further to this death, I remain concerned that there is a real risk that when the 
need arises for urgent provision of specialist care within the CICU department, such 
requests may go unanswered or be delayed. If CICU staff request such assistance via 
the Hospital Switchboard personnel at the hospital, I am concerned that the procedures 
in place are insufficiently robust to the extent that requests may not be followed up 
appropriately and to the potential detriment of the Patient requiring that urgent help. 

I would therefore be obliged if the Trust would write to me in due course to confirm what 
steps if any the Trust proposes to take to address these areas of concern.  

6 

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

2

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you 
[AND/OR your organisation] have the power to take such action.  

7 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, 
namely by 30thDecember 2014. I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out 
the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8 

COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested 
Persons  

The family of Mark Bentley Hudson 
The Coroners Society 

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response. 

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary 
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful 
or of interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your 
response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9 

A.A.Wilson 

Alan Wilson 
Senior Coroner for the area of Blackpool & Fylde 

Dated: 4th November 2014  

3

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Blackpool Teaching Hospitals (PDF)
Blackpool Teaching Hospitals INHS|

NHS Foundation Trust

Trust Headquarters
Blackpool Victoria Hospital
Whinney Heys Road
Blackpool

Lancashire

FY3 8NR

— 01253 306993

22 December 2014

Mr Alan Wilson

HM Corner Blackpool & Fylde
Coroner's Office — Municipal Buildings
PO Box 1066

Corporation Street

Blackpool

FY1 1GB

Dear Mr Wilson

Re: Mark Bentley Hudson (Deceased)

Thank you for your Regulation 28 Report to Prevent Future Deaths dated 4 November 2014 arising
from the Inquest touching upon the death of Mark Bentley Hudson.

The Trust has a strict procedure in place which has been drafted in line with the Resuscitation Council
(2010) Resuscitation Guidelines.

In July 2012 the process used by the Resuscitation Council (UK) to produce the 2010 Resuscitation
Guidelines was accredited by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE).
The NICE Accreditation Scheme recognises organisations that demonstrate high standards in
producing health or social care guidance. Users of NICE accredited guidance can therefore have high
confidence in the quality of the information provided.

The Trust's procedure is aimed primarily at healthcare professionals who are first to respond to an
in-hospital cardiac arrest and is enclosed for your attention. For all in-hospital cardiac arrests help is
summoned using a standard telephone number (2222) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is
started immediately. All new staff members within the Cardiac Division are made aware of the 2222
procedure during their induction training. The cardiac arrest bleeps are tested at the commencement
of each shift and if there is a failure of response the switchboard operators follow this up.

The 2222 number alerts the switchboard to any medical emergency within the Trust and for this very
reason all the 2222 calls are recorded for training and development purposes. The switchboard staff,
prior to lone working, follow a strict training programmes and have to satisfy a stringent list of
competencies before they are allowed to answer the 2222 calls. They must also feel confident that
they are ready to receive and deal with the call. The switchboard department has advanced software
technology which will enable the supervisor to field medical emergency calls to certain, more
experienced members of the switchboard team.

As you are aware the Trust has implemented the recommendations made following the serious

untoward investigation into the circumstances s' ing Mr Hudson's death. It is clear that the
Trust has learnt from this incident and as Matron advised at the hearing, to her knowledge,

within the Cardiac unit there has not been any other similar incident.

RESEARCH MATTERS AND SAVES LIVES - TODAY’S RESEARCH IS TOMORROWS CARE
Blackpool Teaching Hospitals is a Centre of Clinical and Research Excellence providing quality up to date care. We are actively involved in
undertaking research to improve treatment of our patients. A member of the healthcare team may discuss current clinical trials with you.

Patient Safety

Chairman: Mr lan Johnson M.A., LL.M.
Chief Fxecutive: Mr Gary Doherty

The
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Gold

YO, INVESTORS |
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Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS}

NHS Foundation Trust

That said, as the Trust continually moves forward to improve its service, in addition the Resuscitation
Team have undertaken training with senior members of the CICU Team. Those senior members of
the team are now competent in the placement of iGel tubes, which are easier to place than a formal
tracheal tube and will allow satisfactory ventilation of a patient until expert help arrives. We have
adopted a policy of using end tidal carbon monoxide monitoring for all intubated patients. This
technology allows rapid identification of inappropriate tube placements.

The Trust also commissioned a review of our Out of Hours Anaesthetic Service from the Royal
College of Anaesthetists. That report was received on 13 November 2014 and we are currently
working our way through its recommendations in a further effort to improve our service.

The final action which has been taken is to convene a meeting of myself with the Head of
Resuscitation, the Head of Department for Cardiac Anaesthesia and the Matron for the CICU to
discuss whether we need to make any further modification to our process.

| hope the above satisfies your concern.

Yours sincerely

Ma Dov.

PROFESSOR MARK O’DONNEL
MEDICAL DIRECTOR ae

a

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