Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2014

David Greenfield

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2014-0518, written 27 Nov 2014. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report27 Nov 2014
Reference2014-0518
DeceasedDavid Greenfield
CoronerAndrew Tweddle
Coroner areaCounty Durham & Darlington
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text recovered by OCR from a scanned PDF. OCR is imperfect: check anything you rely on against the source PDF. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:

1. The Priory Group Ltd. Priory House, Randalls Way, Leatherhead, Surrey
KT22 7TP
CORONER

| am Andrew Tweddle, senior coroner, for the coroner area of County Durham and
Darlington

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS

| make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013.
(see attached sheet)

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

On 9/4/2014 | commenced an investigation into the death of David Peter Greenfield,
aged 29 years. The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on 26" November
2014. The conclusion of the inquest was “The deceased died unexpectedly as a result of
his pre-existing natural heart disease combined with respiratory depression linked to
obesity and the effects of the ingestion of drugs”.

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH

The deceased at the time of his death was aged 29 years. He was obese and weighed
195 kilograms. He had abused alcohol and drugs for some years and had been
prescribed methadone at a high daily dosage for a number of years. He was admitted to
the Priory Hospital , Aspen Unit, Middleton St George at 12.30 p.m. on Wednesday 2%
April 2014. He was assessed as a high risk patient and was subject to four observations
per hour. He self admitted to the hospital to take part in an alcohol detoxification
programme where no variation to his daily methadone intake was planned. There was
confusion as to the amount of methadone the deceased had taken prior to admission
and what he was to take and when on his first day of admission. In the event it would
appear that the deceased took less methadone than he had been prescribed. He was
prescribed Chlordiazepoxide as part of his alcohol detoxification process. He was
breathalysed on admission and on subsequent occasions during his stay. No drugs
screen was undertaken. The deceased was found unresponsive in his bedroom at
04.45 hours on the 3™ of April, i.e. less than 24 hours after admission. At post mortem it
was found that he had ischaemic heart disease and that together with respiratory
depression caused by drugs and his obesity led to his death.

CORONER'S CONCERNS

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In
my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you.

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows. —

1. Not everyone involved in his care was experienced in dealing with patients who
had both drug and alcohol problems and the risks of respiratory depression in
patients such as the deceased were not fully appreciated. The internal enquiry
undertaken by The Priory following the deceased's death took into account
experience and opinions of people within the organisation but did not draw upon
research undertaken outwith the organisation on the question of sudden and
unexpected deaths of people taking prescribed methadone. A re-training
programme had been introduced by The Priory following this death but it would

6

7

a |

organisation have the power to take such action.

—
COPIES and PUBLICATION

seem that there remains a lack of a detailed appreciation of the risks involved of |
death of patients in receipt of methadone and of patients with the particular
characteristics of the deceased and therefore until that understanding and
appreciation of risk has been determined training which has already being
instigated cannot properly deal with issues which have yet to be identified. It is
therefore believed that a further review of such risk and risk management
policies needs to be considered with suitable re-training introduced thereafter.

2. Evidence was given if a patient enters The Priory with a view to a drug treatment
issue then that patient would be screened for drugs. If a patient is admitted to
The Priory for an alcohol detoxification programme then there is no screening
for drugs. The deceased was known to take methadone. Other drugs were
found at post mortem in his system and in combination with alcohol
detoxification medication there is an increased risk of respiratory depression and
in the absence of the prescribing doctor knowing with a degree of certainty
(notwithstanding any statements made by a patient) as to what drugs are ina
patients system then a full and proper risk assessment as to the nature of the
treatment to be offered and the level of supervision and observations to be
instituted (i.e. a meaningful risk assessment) cannot be undertaken and this
lacuna in admission procedures could well lead to an increased risk of similar
fatalities in the future.

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and | believe your

YOUR RESPONSE

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report,
namely by 26" January 2015 I, the coroner, may extend the period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out
the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed.

| have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested
Persons

Beachcroft Solicitors

; sd Royal College of Nursing

| MPS Solicitors

DWF Solicitors

| 1am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful
or of interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your
response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner.

ANDREW TWEDDLE LLB
H M SENIOR CORONER
COUNTY DURHAM AND DARLINGTON

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Priory Group (PDF)
PRIORY

Director of Safety
Priory Group

Fifth floor

80 Hammersmith Road
London, W14 8UD

Email:
Tuesday 20 January 2014

Private and confidential

Mr Andrew Tweddle

HM Senior Coroner for County Durham and Darlington
HM Coroners Office

PO Box 282

Bishop Auckland

Co Durham, DL14 4FY

Dear Mr Tweddle
Re. Mr David Peter Greenfield (deceased): Regulation 28 Report

I write to you further to the Regulation 28 Report which you have issued to the Priory Group
in response to your investigation into the death of Mr Greenfield. Your investigation
concluded on Wednesday 26 November 2014 and you found that Mr Greenfield had died
unexpectedly as a result of his pre-existing natural heart disease combined with respiratory
depression linked to obesity and the effects of the ingestion of drugs.

You have raised two particular issues of concern in your Regulation 28 Report. I have
outlined these issues together with our response:

1. You have identified that not all of the staff who cared for Mr Greenfield were sufficiently
experienced in dealing with patients who had both drug and alcohol problems. The risks
of respiratory depression in patients such as the deceased were not fully appreciated.

I hope that you will be reassured to learn that we have, in response to Mr Greenfield's
death and your Regulation 28 Report completed an audit of the competencies of the
medical staff working in our specialist wards such as those which provide a detoxification
service. The audit has been led by the Priory Group Medical Director

Where necessary staff have been transferred to other wards or provided with additional
training in the very small number of cases where we have identified individuals have
who do not have the full suite of competencies that we would expect.

We are taking increasing account of the risks to physical health where there is a co-
morbid substance misuse and mental health problems. For example we are ensuring that
a full baseline physical health assessment is in place at the point of admission and that
potential physical health complications feature more prominently as part of the on-going
risk assessment process.

With regard to the staff at Aspen Ward, Priory Hospital Middleton St George I hope that
you will be reassured to learn that we have introduced a comprehensive training
programme for them. The training provided to date has largely consisted of refresher
training. We are in the process of sourcing and arranging more advanced level training
as a means of ensuring high levels of expertise among the staff team.

Additionally I hope that you will be reassured to learn that the Priory Group has
amended policy (H21) Non Medical Prescribing to include greater reference to the
qualifications and experience of those non-medical staff who are prescribers together
with a more detailed outline of the required competencies and the elements of
professional development that need to be in place before staff are permitted to
prescribe.

2. You have identified that patients who are admitted for alcohol detoxification are not
necessarily screened for drugs. You have also pointed out that staff cannot be entirely
certain whether a patient has drugs in his /her system due to the limitations in the risk
assessment process and the possibility that patients may withhold such information.

We are in agreement with you that we should routinely use urine drug screens across all
of our detoxification services as part of the assessment process and where necessary on
an on-going basis thereafter. Since the inquest we have reviewed this practice and learnt
that a number of hospitals are routinely undertaking urine drug screens on those
patients who are admitted for alcohol detoxification. Our intention is to ensure that our
hospitals all have access to urine drug screening kits and that staff are aware that a test
should be undertaken if there is any indication that the patient may be at risk of using
illicit drugs prior to or at the point of admission. Our intention is to ensure that these kits
are readily available at relevant hospital sites by the end of February 2014.

I hope that you will be reassured to learn that the lessons learnt in respect of your
investigation into the death of Mr Greenfield will be shared at the forthcoming Priory
Group Consultant Psychiatrist Conference which is to be held on Monday 19 January
2014. We will also take the opportunity to integrate the lessons learnt from this tragic
incident into our on-line training modules (this is an on-going piece of work however the
relevant training modules are all due for review in spring 2015). We will also take the
opportunity to raise these matters as part of future safety bulletins and at our internal
meetings and conferences for example the lessons learnt from this case were presented
at our Medical Directors Meeting which took place on Monday 19 January 2015.

I hope that this response provides you with reassurance as to the actions that we have
taken and those that we are intending to take to reduce the possibility of an incident of this
kind happening in the future.

Please do not hesitate to contact me if I can provide you with further advice or assistance in
respect of this matter.

Yours sincerely,

Director of Safety

Copies to:
Hospital Director: Middleton St George Hospital

, Director of Quality, Priory Healthcare Division

HE, Group Clinical Risk Manager

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