Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2015

Isaac Bahar

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2015-0229, written 15 Jun 2015. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report15 Jun 2015
Reference2015-0229
DeceasedIsaac Bahar
CoronerVeronica Hamilton-Deeley
Coroner areaBrighton and Hove
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text recovered by OCR from a scanned PDF. OCR is imperfect: check anything you rely on against the source PDF. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

VERONICA HAMILTON-DEELEY, LL.B.
Her Majesty’s Senior Coroner
for the City of Brighton & Hove

THE CORONER’S OFFICE
WOODVALE, LEWES ROAD
BRIGHTON

BN2 30B

Assistant Coroners

CATHARINE PALMER LL.B (HONS)
MICHAEL KEEN

KAREN HENDERSON, BSC,BM,MRCPI,FRCA
GILVA D.J.TISSHAW, BA(LAW)HONS

Telephone: Brighton (01273) 292046
Fax: Brighton (01273) 292047

CORONERS SOCIETY OF ENGLAND AND WALES
ANNEX A
REGULATION 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS (1)

NOTE: This form is to be used after an inquest.

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:

1. ER Chief Executive, Brighton & Sussex University
Hospitals NHS Trust

2. ER Chief Nurse, Brighton & Sussex University Hospitals
NHS Trust

3, ER Ward Manager, Level 9a West Millennium Ward,
Brighton & Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

1 CORONER
| am Veronica HAMILTON-DEELEY, Senior Coroner, for the City of Brighton and
Hove

2 CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS

| make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the-Coroners and Justice Act
2009 and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013.

3 INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

On 11" May 2015 | commenced an investigation into the death of Isaac Silas
BAHAR. The investigation concluded at the end of the Inquest on 14" May 2015.
The Narrative conclusion of the Jury Inquest was:-

Mr. isaac BAHAR was a vulnerable man living at Hyman Fine House. He had a
diagnosis of Bi-polar affective disorder. His mental health deteriorated
requiring voluntary admission to Mill View Hospital.

On the 10" of November, during the early hours Mr. Isaac BAHAR suffered an
unwitnessed fall. At approximately 9:00am on the 10 November emergency
services were called and Mr. BAHAR was admitted to The Royal Sussex
County Hospital, where following examination it was determined that he had

VERONICA HAMILTON-DEELEY, LL.B.
Her Majesty’s Senior Coroner
for the City of Brighton & Hove

THE CORONER’S OFFICE
WOODVALE, LEWES ROAD
BRIGHTON

BN2 3QB

Assistant Coroners Telephone: Brighton (01273) 292046

Fax: Brighton (01273) 292047

sustained four fractured ribs and a traumatic pneumothorax for which he was
treated.

His medical records stated that he had stage four chronic kidney disease. As
part of his treatment he was prescribed codeine by the locum doctors on duty
at that time, which was in contravention of the national and local guidelines.
The prescription was reviewed by the pharmacist the next day and was
withdrawn. Mr. BAHAR appeared to stabilise but suddenly deteriorated on
the 13™ of November. He was tended by the Medical Emergency Team at
which stage the decision was taken to administer Naloxone to counter the
toxic effects of codeine to which he partially responded. However, his
condition continued to deteriorate rapidly, resulting in his death.

It was later discovered by the pathologist that Mr. BAHAR had chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease, which was deemed to be a contributory factor
in his death.

4 CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH

See Record of Inquest

5 CORONER'S CONCERNS

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to
concern. In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is
taken. In the circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you.

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows:

Mr. Bahar was admitted to the Royal Sussex County Hospital on 10" November
2014 with pneumothorax due to fractured ribs. He was treated urgently and
appropriately until his analgesia.

He was a man with known Stage 4 Chronic Kidney Disease, yet in breach of the
hospital's own policy and in breach of national guidance he was prescribed and
given four doses of Codeine over 18 hours. Although this was stopped by the ward
Pharmacist as soon as she was able to review his drug chart, Mr. Bahar collapsed
with severe opiate/opioid toxicity 30 hours later and died just under three hours after

the collapse. The Jury at his Inquest found this error to be one of the causes of his |
death

VERONICA HAMILTON-DEELEY, LL.B.
Her Majesty’s Senior Coroner
for the City of Brighton & Hove

THE CORONER’S OFFICE
WOODVALE, LEWES ROAD
BRIGHTON

BN2 3QB

Assistant Coroners Telephone: Brighton (01273) 292046

Fax: Brighton (01273) 292047

The Codeine was directed by a locum surgical consultant and the fatal error was
compounded when a locum junior doctor wrote up the Codeine in Mr. Bahar’s drug
chart.

Their locum status must be relevant and if the Trust employs locum staff they must
satisfy themselves that those staff are aware of such guidance particularly in such a
common scenario (elderly patient with Chronic Kidney Disease needing analgesia).

The Trust is responsible for ensuring their patients are in safe hands. Senior
nurses shouid also be aware of such common pitfalls. They would then be in a
position when caring for their patients to pick up anomalies.

This is a serious failing and must be urgently addressed.

6 ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you
AND your organisation have the power to take such action.

7 YOUR RESPONSE

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this
report, namely by 3° September 2015. |, the Coroner may extend the period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting
out the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed.

8 COPIES and PUBLICATION

| have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested
Persons

1. Medical-Legal Services Manager, Brighton & Sussex
University Hospitals NHS Trust,

Chair, Brighton & Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust
Secretary of State for Health, Department of Health

Simon Stevens, Chief Executive NHS England

Nationai Patient Safety Agency

Director of Public Health, Brighton & Hove Clinical
Commissioning Group

Director for Clinical Quality & Primary Care, Brighton & Hove
Clinical Commissioning Group

Oarwn

N

THE CORONER'S OFFICE
WOODVALE, LEWES ROAD
BRIGHTON

BN2 30B

VERONICA HAMILTON-DEELEY, LL.B.
Her Majesty’s Senior Coroner
for the City of Brighton & Hove

Assistant Coroners

Telephone: Brighton (01273) 292046
Fax: Brighton (01273) 292047

8. EE Acting Deputy Chief Pharmacist, Brighton & Sussex University
Hospitals NHS Trust,

9. Specialist Clinical Pharmacist, Brighton & Sussex University
Hospitals NHS Trust

10 SHO, ITU, Brighton & Sussex University Hospitals
NHS Trust

11 RR Consultant intensivist, Chief of Safety & Quality, Brighton
& Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

| have also sent it to:-

com = hy, Chief Executive, Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust
a | 3c Support Manager, Sussex Partnership NHS Trust _-

Patient Safety Ombudsman, Brighton & Sussex University
Hospitals NHS Trust

Rone

Who may find it useful or of interest.

| am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.

VERONICA HAMILTON-DEELEY, LL.B.
Her Majesty’s Senior Coroner
for the City of Brighton & Hove

THE CORONER’S OFFICE
WOODVALE, LEWES ROAD
BRIGHTON

BN2 3QB

Assistant Coroners Telephone: Brighton (01273) 292046

Fax: Brighton (01273) 292047

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it
useful or of interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time
of your response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief
Coroner.

wl

Date: 15" June 2015

Senior Coroner, Brighton

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals Trust (PDF)
AN Brighton and Sussex NHS|
Gur refs MK565/KK 24 aug 208 | University Hospitals

|
20 August 2015 | ____.------ == NHS Trust

Headquarters
Miss V Hamilton-Deeley The Royal Sussex County Hospital
Her Majesty’s Senior Coroner Non
For the City of Brighton & Hove BN2 SBE
The Coroner's Office
Woodvale, Lewes Road Tel: 01273 696955
Brighton
BN2 3QB

Dear Miss Hamilton-Deeley

The Late Isaac Bahar, date of birth: 18.10.1941
NHS No: 623 012 4009

Thank you for your letter of 15th June 2015 and its enclosures, received on
19th June, and for drawing your concerns to our attention. We have not been
able to identify any Trust member of staff called but we have
ensured that the matron with responsibility for all the Level 9a wards has had
sight of your report and an opportunity to reflect on the matters you have
raised. We too have given careful consideration to your letter. As you know, we
are always willing to review our practices in this Trust, in order to identify
improvements which can be made in the light of experience.

Mr Bahar was very unwell when he was admitted to the Royal Sussex County
Hospital, and his prognosis was poor. However, we agree that it is wrong and
unacceptable for any patient with chronic kidney disease, as suffered by Mr
Bahar, to have codeine prescribed and administered to him. This was followed
up with both the medical staff concerned - even though both happened to be
locums, they had both worked continuously in the Trust for a considerable
period; our investigations have not found any reason to believe that this
acknowledged error arose from their locum status. They were both aware that
codeine should not be prescribed in such circumstances.

While the consultant was not able to recall the particular circumstances of the
ward round in which his plan included prescribing codeine for Mr Bahar, the
more junior doctor who actually wrote the prescription is clear that it was and
remains her routine practice to check renal function by looking at the relevant
test results before writing any such prescription. She was mortified to discover
that on this occasion she must have failed to do so. She could only hypothesise,
and apologise profoundly, that on this occasion there must have been some
interruption or other distraction which made her overlook what she is well
aware is a vital step before any such prescription is written. A ward pharmacist
routinely reviews prescription charts, and when she found this inappropriate
prescription she immediately discussed it at the time with the team and
crossed off the prescription less than 24 hours after it had been written.

With our partner
oa brighton and sussex
“e medical school

The Trust’s lead pharmacist in patient safety carried out a detailed
investigation of this matter. She found no evidence that there was a failure in
knowledge or education, or any failure in selection or induction of locum staff,
which caused or contributed to the medication being prescribed outside the
Trust’s recommended analgesia guidance. The British National Formulary (BNF)
makes it clear that codeine and other opioid analgesics should be avoided or
used with caution at reduced doses in patients with renal impairment.

Codeine was also used on the gastroenterology ward where Mr Bahar was a
patient to help reduce diarrhea, a common symptom for gastroenterology
patients. The lead pharmacist has confirmed that she would not expect nurses
to be aware of the nuances of codeine metabolism in patients with renal
impairment, and there was therefore no reason for the nurses administering the
prescription to query this prescription before administering it.

This incident, and the sad death of Mr Bahar, has been discussed in detail with
both the general surgeons and the nursing team on Level 9a, as well as with the
pharmacy team. As a direct result, the general surgeons decided that codeine
should no longer be routinely available for them to prescribe. Discussions are
continuing to seek a consensus as to whether the benefits of withdrawing
codeine altogether from use within the Trust by other specialists would
outweigh the associated disadvantages of such a step.

Thank you once again for raising this concern with us. Please pass on our
sincere condolences to Mr Bahar’s daughter and the family on their sad loss.

Yours sincerely

Matthew Kershaw
Chief Executive Chief Nurse

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