Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2016

Ann Jacobs

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2016-0111, written 19 Mar 2016. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report19 Mar 2016
Reference2016-0111
DeceasedAnn Jacobs
CoronerSophie Cartwright
Coroner areaDerbyshire
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Organisation namedChesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses publishednone published

The report

Text recovered by OCR from a scanned PDF. OCR is imperfect: check anything you rely on against the source PDF. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS
THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:

1. Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

CORONER

I am Sophie Cartwright Assistant Coroner, for the Coroner area of
Derbyshire.

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and
Justice Act 2009 and Regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations)
Regulations 2013.

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

On 8.4.14 an investigation into the death of Ann Catherine Jacobs aged 50
commenced. The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on
16.3.16. The conclusion of the inquest was a Narrative Conclusion with a
medical cause of death of:

la Cardiac arrest

1b Malignant Ventricular arrhythmia

1c Hypokalaemia

2. Alcohol related liver disease.

Narrative Conclusion:

At approximately 23.00 on 23.2.14 Ann Jacobs presented at the Emergency
Department of Chesterfield Royal Hospital with a Gastro Intestinal bleed.

An ECG undertaken at 23.06 on 23.2.14 showed marked prolongation of the
QT interval.

A blood test result at 00.51 on 24.2.14 showed severe hypokalaemia with a
potassium level of 2.4 mmol.

Severe hypokalaemia was diagnosed and intravenous potassium
replacement commenced at 05.45 on 24.2.14 administered by 40 mmol
potassium chloride in a litre of dextrose saline over 8 hours to treat the
severe hypokalaemia.

Oral potassium supplementation of 24 mmol was also given both at 18.32
and 23.05 on 24.2.14.

A further blood sample reading at 06.38 on 24.2.14 showed a potassium
level of 2.7 mmol. There was no further blood test taken after this time.

There was no monitoring of the potassium level every 8 hours after
commencing the intravenous potassium as indicated by the hospital
guidance for the management of acute hypokalaemia.

The absence of monitoring of the potassium level as indicated every 8 hours
for severe hypokalaemia more than minimally contributed to the death.

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH

The summary circumstances can be ascertained from the narrative
conclusion.

The last check by blood test of the potassium level was at 06.38 on 24.2.14. I
heard evidence from both ER che expert witness and a of
Chesterfield Royal Hospital that a further blood test should have been taken
around 2pm in accordance with the Trusts guidance on the management of
acute hypokalaemia so that an accurate potassium reading was known to
inform the further management and treatment. EEE gave evidence that
on the balance of probability a further I/V infusion of potassium would
significantly have reduced the arrhythmic risk.

evidence also covered that Ann Jacobs had had only 88mmol of
potassium during 24.2.14 and that WHO guideline recommends a daily
potassium intake of at least 90 mmol for adults.

I also heard evidence from that when Ann Jacobs was
transferred from the Emergency Management Unit to her ward on the
evening of 24th February 2014 [around 8pm] there was no instruction given
in respect of monitoring Ann Jacobs potassium levels.

At approximately 3.00am on 25.2.14 Ann Catherine Jacobs was found
unresponsive, with no pulse and in asystole whilst in bed on the Ridgeway
ward of Chesterfield Royal Hospital. She had been last checked and seen
alive by nursing staff at lam on 25.2.14. Resuscitation attempts and cardio
pulmonary resuscitation were commenced but Ann Jacobs remained in
asystole and life was formally pronounced extinct at 07.55.

CORONER’S CONCERNS

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to
concern. In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths could occur unless
action is taken. In the circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you.

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows. -

(1) That when a diagnosis of severe hypokalaemia is made in patients that
there is the monitoring of potassium levels every 8 hours and adherence to
the Trust Management of acute hypokalaemia guidance. This is particularly
important as the guidance itself makes clear “ECG changes can occur at any
level of hypokalaemia. Hypokalaemia can result in flat T waves, ST
depression, QT interval prolongation and prominent U waves. Ventricular
arrhythmias (eg torsades de pointes, ventricular tachycardia and ventricular
fibrillation) can also occur. It is of concern that this monitoring did not take
place during the last admission of Ann Jacobs and by way of treatment for
her identified severe hypokalaemia.

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe
Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust have the power to take
such action.

YOUR RESPONSE

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of
this report, namely by 16.5.16. I, the coroner, may extend the period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken,
setting out the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no
action is proposed.

COPIES and PUBLICATION

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following
Interested Persons

Iam also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or
summary form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he
believes may find it useful or of interest. You may make representations to
me, the coroner, at the time of your response, about the release or the
publication of your response by the Chief Coroner.

19% March 2016
Sophie Cartwright

LoS)

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