Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2023

Jonathan Cole

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2023-0186, written 5 Jun 2023. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report5 Jun 2023
Reference2023-0186
DeceasedJonathan Cole
CoronerSophie Cartwright
Coroner areaDerby and Derbyshire
CategoryOther related deaths
Organisation namedNottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust · Lincolnshire Partnership NHS Foundation Trust · Derbyshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published2

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28:  REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS  

. 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

1.  The Ministry of Defence [care of 

 GLD Defence 

Private Law and Inquests Team] for the attention of: 
a.  The Rt Hon Dr Andrew Murrison MP, Parliamentary Under 

Secretary of State (Minister for Defence People, Veterans 
and Service Families)  

b.  The Rt Hon Johnny Mercer MP. The Minister for Veterans’ 

Affairs  

c.  The Rt Hon James Heappey MP, Minister for Armed Forces  

d.  The Rt Hon Ben Wallace MP, Secretary of State for Defence  

2.  Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust [for the 

, Chief Executive; 

- Executive 

attention of 
Director of Mental Health; 
Executive; 
Mental Health Services; 
People and Culture] [care of 

 Newham- Deputy Chief 
- Executive Director of Community 
- Executive Director of 
] 

1  CORONER 

I am Sophie Cartwright KC, Assistant Coroner for the Coroner area of 
Derby and Derbyshire Area 

2  CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and 
Justice Act 2009 and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners 
(Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

In 2018 an investigation was commenced into the death of Jonathan 
“Jonny” Philip Cole [JC], aged 39. The investigation concluded at the end 
of the Inquest on 25 April 2023. The conclusion of the Inquest was a 
Narrative Conclusion namely: 

Narrative Conclusion 

a.  JC developed Post Traumatic Stress Disorder as a result of 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 at  least  three  traumatic  experiences  whilst  serving  in  the 
British Army in Afghanistan on operational tour in 2009 one 
of  which  represented  a  direct  threat  to  his  life  (where  he 
also  suffered  physical  injuries  including  hearing  loss  and 
tinnitus,  shrapnel  injuries  following  a  Rocket-Propelled 
Grenade attack (RPG); 

[Note: This service had been with 2 Rifles as part of Operation 
Herrick 10.] 

b.  JC  had  made  multiple  attempts  at  suicide  and  self-harm 
beginning in January 2010 which were caused or materially 
contributed  to  by  his  unresolved  symptoms  of  PTSD, 
culminating  in  a  final  and  successful  suicide  attempt  in 
August 2018; 

[EMDR] 

c.  JC  did  not  receive  Eye  Movement  Desensitisation  and 
Reprocessing 
those  symptoms  of  Post 
for 
Traumatic Stress before the summer of 2012, it consisted of 
no  more  than  8  sessions  of  EMDR,  which  on  balance  of 
probability proved latterly to be insufficient albeit the EMDR  
did  provide  JC  with  temporary  improvement  and  some 
alleviation of symptoms of PTSD in 2012/2013; 

d.  JC’s  intrusive  memories  of  the  RPG  incident  were  not 
verified  as  having  been  fully  processed  in  the  presence  of 
JC’s  treating  CPN  before  EMDR  was  discontinued  in  2012 
albeit  JC  had  confirmed  his  belief  in  2012  that  he  had 
managed to self-process that memory; 

e.  JC  received  no  psychological  trauma  therapy  from  2013 
onward up until the time of his death other than the EMDR 
provided whilst still in the British Army; 

f.  JC  left  the  Army  in  2013  without  a  formal  diagnosis  of 
having  had  PTSD  as  a  result  of  operational  trauma.  This 
was  a  failure  and  a  diagnosis  of  PTSD  was  appropriate  at 
that time; 

g.  JC’’s unresolved symptoms of PTSD caused or contributed 
to  episodic  periods  of  profound  mental  health  crisis,  often 
preceded,  and  accompanied  by,  thoughts  and  attempts  to 
end  his  life  by  way  of  overdose,  and  latterly  hanging.  His 
unresolved  symptoms  of  PTSD  also  contributed  to  use  of 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 alcohol  and  drugs  to  manage  the  symptoms  which  in  turn 
led  to  marital  and  relationship  problems  and  financial 
problems; 

h.  JC’s  PTSD  was  accompanied  by  alcohol  and  drug  use, 

exacerbating the severity of the underlying condition;   

i.  The 

of 

any 

lack 

official 

continued 

recognition, 
acknowledgment, or diagnosis on the part of the MOD of his 
PTSD    in  the  context  of  JC’s  attempts  to  access  financial 
compensation for his condition, was a failure and materially 
contributed  to  a  deterioration  in  his  mental  health  state  in 
the period following his discharge from the Army up until his 
death and resulted in JC making contact again on 8th June 
2018 which was not responded to before his death; 

j.  The  Risk  assessment  and  Care  Plan  completed  on  28th 
January 2018 was inadequate and under estimated the risk 
of suicide for JC; 

k.  There  was  a  failure  to  conduct  a  psychiatric  review  in 
January  2018  despite  a  referral  for  psychiatric  review  this 
failure also caused unnecessary delay before a medication 
review took place; 

l.  The  Risk  assessment  and  Care  Plan  completed  on  14th 
May  2018  was  inadequate  and  underestimated  the  risk  of 
suicide; 

m.  JC’s  mental  health  had  deteriorated  significantly  in  2018 
and  deterioration  continued  whilst  under  care  of  local 
mental  health 
that  no 
psychological trauma therapy was being provided; 

team  and  with  knowledge 

n.  By  the  beginning  of  2018  JC’s  medication  was  no  longer 
proving effective  as  he  became  increasingly  depressed,  as 
well  as  socially,  and  occupationally  isolated.  This  led  to  a 
change 
in  June  2018,  which  whilst 
appropriately  indicated  was  not  effectively  managed  and 
ineffective  on  28th  July  2018  when 
documented  as 
consideration  should  have  been  given  to  appropriately 
increasing the dose of Paroxetine to assist JC’s low mood; 

in  medication 

o.  Further risk assessments and Care plans should have been 
completed when Fluoxetine was reduced and removed and 
Paroxetine introduced; 

p.  A  further risk  assessment  and  care  plan  should have  been 
completed  on 26th  July 2018  in  light  of having  elicited  JC’s 
recent  arrest  and  changes  in  his  psycho  social  position 

3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 including issues of accommodation and financial pressures. 
This  consultation  underestimated  the  risk  of  suicide.  There 
was  a  failure  of  the  treating  mental  health  professional  to 
identify that JC was to appear in court 8.8.18. There was a 
lost  opportunity  therefore  to  make  contact  with  the  police/ 
CPS  and  to  liaise  with  the  criminal  justice  liaison  and 
divergence  with  relevant  information  as  to  the  medication 
review underway and relevant factors of JC’s mental health. 
There  was  an  under  estimation  of  the  risk  of  suicide  on 
26.7.18 by not identifying the upcoming court date of 8.8.18 
and offering support to JC; 

q.  There  was  a  missed  opportunity  throughout  2018  to  refer 
JC to the Transition Intervention and Liaison Service [TILS] 
and the Centre for Trauma Resilience and Growth. 

4  CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

On the 9th August 2018 at a location of Old Stone Bridge, Butterley 
Park, Codnor Park, Ironville, Derbyshire Jonny Cole was found 
hanging 

 having acted with the intention to end his life. 
Jonny had PTSD, anxiety, suicidal ideation and was under the 
care of his local mental health trust. Jonny had not been seen 
since leaving his home on the afternoon of 7th August 2018 and 
was due in court on 8th August 2018 to face charges of criminal 
damage but did not attend. 

5  CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the Inquest the evidence revealed matters giving 
rise to concern. In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur 
unless action is taken. In the circumstances it is my statutory duty to 
report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows: 

Ministry of Defence 

1.  I  have  a  concern  as  to  the  number  and  availability  of 
psychiatrists  and  psychologists  within 
the  Ministry  of 
Defence  and  accessible  to  serving  personnel.  This  concern 
extends  to  ensuring  a  soldier  receives  access  to  appropriate 
treatment including diagnosis.  

Diagnosis  is  also  important  as  under  the  Armed  Forces 

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Compensation Scheme,  mental  disorders  must be  diagnosed 
by a relevant accredited medical specialist, namely, a medical 
practitioner whose name is included in the specialist register 
kept  and  published  by  the  General  Medical  Council  as 
required by section 34D of the Medical Act 1983. 

At the time Jonny Cole was accessing the DCMH Lisburn, 

 gave evidence that there was just one psychiatrist for the 

whole of Northern Ireland who also had duties in the DCMH 
Kinloss, Scotland and no psychologist. 2 Rifles was based in 
Northern Ireland and at this time issues relative to Operation 
Herrick 10 and traumatic combat experience were being identified. 

 told me relative to the impact of Operation Herrick 10, 

“Well all I can say is that we knew that we had a problem with post 
traumatic stress disorder and there were several suicides in 
Northern Ireland before I arrived.  I can’t comment on that too far 
because there was a board of inquiry and the regiment was moved 
from the isolated position of Ballykinler to Lisburn because of that.  
In order to make them less vulnerable,” 

Following the evidence given by 
expectations for the number of psychiatrists covering Northern 
Ireland and Scotland in 2010-2013 and now, and was provided 
with the following response from Defence Medical Services. 

, I queried the Service 

. The staffing of mental 

“NI is now covered by DCMH 
health posts is however now lower that that at the time the Coroner 
is concerned with. This is partly due to reducing military population 
in NI which would not justify a full-time consultant and partly due to 
significant difficulties in staffing mental health posts. Recruiting 
more mental health clinical staff is something that the DMS is 
working hard to do; however, the pool of mental health 
workers for both the DMS and NHS to draw from is finite. 

Additionally, the DPHC Standard Operating Procedure on 
management of referrals makes some reference to this. Though it 
does not specify a manning ratio, it does give guidance on waiting 
list management (para 13). In essence it states an Officer Rank 7 
or Civil Service Band 6 has day to day responsibility for monitoring 
waiting lists and has direct access to the clinical lead, they are also 
responsible for all review arrangements and Multi-Disciplinary 
Team actions which are in place. It would follow from this if waiting 
lists are becoming unmanageable the named individual would be 
able to escalate the problem”. 

Chief of Staff at Defence Medical Services Headquarters, 

5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  gave evidence when asked about the current position as to 

whether there was shortage of consultant psychiatrists and 
psychologists within the DCMHs, that, “we certainly have a 
shortage of mental health clinical staff at the moment.  There are a 
lot of initiatives in place to try and continue to recruit those both 
military and civilian and we are working very hard at producing a 
more resilient and enduring so that we can actually build a career 
structure for our mental health practices going forward, something 
we have lacked in defence up until now.” 

This concern also extends to the knock-on effect that this apparent 
shortage of psychiatrists and psychologists has upon later claims 
for compensation by veterans as mental disorders must be 
diagnosed by a relevant accredited medical specialist, namely,  
a medical practitioner whose name is included in the specialist 
register kept and published by the General Medical Council as 
required by section 34D of the Medical Act 1983. 

2.  I have a concern that the Vulnerability Risk Management 

Process [Suicide Vulnerability Risk Management as was] is 
Unit led and that DCMH clinicians do not have a greater role in 
influencing the Army’s vulnerability risk management (VRM) 
process for suicidal soldiers. 

3.  I have a concern about: 

a. the training and experience of the Medical Advisors at 
Veterans UK providing advice under the Armed Forces 
Compensation Scheme. 

b.  rejection of claims for PTSD under the Armed Forces 

Compensation Scheme if there is not a formal diagnosis by a 
consultant psychiatrist or psychologist but evidence of PTSD 
within medical records from other medical professionals. 

 was a retired GP who went on to work as a part-time 

medical advisor at Veterans UK in October 2013 and rejected 
Jonny’s claim for compensation for PTSD and psychological injury 
under the armed forces compensation scheme. 
 had 
no specialist knowledge of psychiatric or mental health issues and 
had had no specialist training in that area. 

 accepted that there was an issue with the 

In evidence 
advice he gave that resulted in Jonny’s claim for compensation 
being rejected. In evidence 
“Q.  Can I ask you: The approach that you adopted on Jonny 
Cole’s    case, in respect of his claim to PTSD, would you have 
applied a similar approach to other files or claims of veterans in 
respect of PTSD? 

 told me: 

6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 A. 

Q. 

A. 

It’s possible, I suppose, but I suppose as you gain experience and 
understanding of how the scheme is to be applied, then it changes.  
When  I  looked  at  this  a  week  ago,  which  is  when  I  first  saw  the 
documents,  I  could  see  straightaway  the  issue,  but  obviously  I 
didn’t see that in December 2013. 

So, then, can I ask you: Obviously, when you reviewed the file as 
part of your preparation to give evidence, and to be fair to you, you 
had  not  had  that  opportunity  when  you  provided  your  statement, 
you say you saw straightaway what the issue was.  Can you tell us 
what it was that you saw when you reviewed the file, and what that 
issue is? 
That there was a consultant diagnosis1. 

Q.  Would there ever have been a scenario where you had rejected a 
claim, as part of the advice that you had given to the case workers, 
where  a  veteran  would  come  back  and  say…    Be  raising  issues 
again about PTSD, would it come back to you to review or would it 
go to a different medical adviser? 
It  could  be  either,  and  in  fact  if  a  review  was  requested  or  an 
appeal requested, I think it had to be a different case worker, but I 
don’t think it necessarily had to be a different medical adviser. 

A. 

Q. 

Just so then I am clear about you reviewed the file with obviously 
then the knowledge…  Admittedly you do not work for Veterans UK 
anymore, but you had had the  number of years then working and 
giving advice.  But when you saw straightaway what the issue was, 
and  there  was  a  consultant  diagnosis,  if  you  had  reviewed  Jonny 
Cole’s  case  nearer  to  the  end  of  your  time  at  Veterans  UK,  what 
would your advice have been in respect of Jonny Cole’s claim, to 
the case workers? 

A.  Well, it would have been a different approach, because I would…  
Once  you  have  accepted  that  there  is  a  diagnosis,  then  the  next 
stage is what’s the cause of that, and is that predominantly caused 
by factors of service?  And then, if the answer to that is yes, on the 
balance  of  probabilities  it  is  caused  by  factors  of  service,  then  I 
would have recommended an award. 

Q. 

A. 

Q. 

Then, in terms of what you have effectively told us, that if you had 
reviewed  this case  later down  your experience  with  Veterans  UK, 
Jonny  certainly  would  have  got  over  the  hurdle  of  a  consultant 
diagnosis–– 
Yes. 

––but  again,  having  reviewed  the  documentation,  and  obviously 
you  were  the  individual  that  was  asked  to  provide  advice  as  to 

1 Adjustment Disorder. 
PTSD in remission. 

 also gave evidence that he would have applied the diagmosis of 

7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 causation, to provide advice as to whether or not on the balance of 
probability  it  is  linked  to  factors  relating  to  service…      Have  you 
gone on to consider that aspect also? 
Not particularly no, but I would have thought there’s enough there 
to say yes it was.” 

A. 

  indicated  that  the  “narrow  look”  he  undertook  in  respect  of 
Jonny’s claim  for compensation  was due  to,  “Certainly not  lack of 
time.  I think it would be fair to say possibly lack of experience, and 
lack  of  training.  And  I  think  the  emphasis I  think  was  quite  strong 
on  that  principle,  even  within  the  table  tariff  for  the  AFCS,  on  the 
section  3  I  think  it  is,  which  is  for  psychological  things,  I  think  it 
does  state  it  there,  that  a  diagnosis  can  only  be  accepted  by 
accredited  consultant  psychiatrist,  so  I  suppose  that  in  a  sense 
emphasises  it,  and  perhaps  that’s  why  it  was  so  prominent  in  my 
thinking.” 

  gave  expert  evidence  to  me  about  the  impact  of  the 
denial  of  compensation  by  Veterans  UK  for  psychological  injury 
and  decisions  where  there  is  a  denial  of  payments  to  which  a 
veteran  is  entitled  which,  invalidates  psychological  injury,  can 
cause  hostility  and  being  aggrieved  and  lead  to  self-destructive 
behaviour by the veteran.  

Jonny  Cole  himself  raised  by  email  to  Veterans  UK  in  June  2018,  and 
shortly before his death in August 2018, the ongoing issues he was 
having with his PTSD that was getting worse and the impact it was 
having  on  his  mental  health,  which  had  led  to  hospital  admission 
due  to  overdose,  and  included  a  letter  that  identified  that  Jonny 
had reported thinking of suicide on a daily basis. 

Jonny Cole did not receive a response to this email before his death but 
when this response was provided by letter dates 20th August 2018 it 
stated; 

“We cannot take any further action on your claim at the moment.  This is 
because the scheme rules state when considering a claim for a mental 
disorder, we require a diagnosis made by a clinical psychologist or 
psychiatrist at consultant grade.  We are unable to accept a diagnosis 
made by a GP or community psychiatric nurse.  

Evidence we have considered so far:  We have looked at the evidence 
we already have but it does not include confirmation of a formal 
diagnosis.   

What happens next:  In order for us to be able to fully consider your 
claim, please could you provide us with evidence of a diagnosis from a 
consultant psychologist or psychiatrist.  We are unable to take any further 
action until we hear from you.  If we do not receive a response from you 
within 3 months of our request, your claim will be closed.” 

8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  suggested that thought needed to be given to having a 

Panel that is more representative of all stake holders not just the MOD 
and for more credibility to be given to civilian diagnosis and evidence and 
for there to be someone independent to review the cases. 

Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust [The Trust] 

4.  I have a concern that the Trust is doing too little to identify 

and address the risk of suicide for Veterans.  

A  2021  Nottinghamshire  Suicide  Prevention  Action  Plan  to  which  the 
Trust  was  a  partner  identified  for  Veterans  the  need  to,  “undertake 
evidence review on the needs of veterans in relation to mental health and 
suicide, to inform future developments. Promote and raise awareness of 
the  Op  Courage  MH  Pathway  and  Armed  Forces  Health  eLearning 
(commissioned by NHSE/Improvement Armed Forces Health). Ensure an 
ongoing  dialogue  with  NHSE/Improvement  around  provision  of  mental 
health,  suicide  prevention  and  postvention.  bereavement  support  to 
veterans and engage in any NHSE Midlands masterclass with Integrated 
Care Boards (ICBs) - date to be agreed. Identify veterans within the local 
Suicide  Cluster  Response  Plan  Guidance  in  the  first  annual  refresh 
Review  learning  from  the  NHSE/Improvement  review/investigation  of 
Serious Incidents.” 

Despite this, the Trust’s Suicide Prevention Strategy and Suicide 
Prevention Annual Plan 2020-2023 provided to me and due to be 
reviewed this year does not specifically touch upon Veterans. I am 
told that there is a commitment to ensure this is a key feature of the 
review already commencing within the organisation.  

5.  I have a concern that there is: 

a)  a lack of understanding as to the appropriate services to 
make referrals to for Veterans by Trust mental health 
practitioners; 

b)  a lack of understanding as to services available for 

Veterans; 

c)   too much emphasis on Veterans being solely responsible 
for self-referral, with no assistance to assist in accessing 
appropriate services; 

d)  A lack of understanding (or effort) as to how to request 

and obtain military DCMH medical records. 

9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I acknowledge that steps have been made recently by the Trust to, “liaise 
directly with Operation Courage in order to request their attendance at 
staff team events to further improve liaison and staff understanding of 
their pathways and exactly what their offer to Veterans”, however it is 
essential that these pathways are known by all mental health practitioners 
and engagement undertaken with the services to which a Veteran is 
referred, to check if this is an appropriate referral.  

This needs to include an understanding by mental health practitioners of 
what is in fact offered by: Operation Courage; the Centre for Trauma 
Resilience and Growth; Help 4 Heroes; Combat Stress and other 
charities and in particular what can be offered by way of psychological 
and trauma therapy. 

I was not reassured from the Trust witnesses who gave evidence to me 
who had involvement with Jonny that they had this understanding or of 
the specific needs of Veterans. 

As 
 told me, it takes a lot for a veteran to put their hand 
up and ask for help and tend not to ask for help until things are really bad 
and there is a need to act quickly and as compassionately as possible to 
work with that window of opportunity and to assist the Veteran in making 
the referral. 

6.  I have a concern as to the quality of the Trust’s Investigation 
Report and that the process of review is not sufficiently 
robust  

I  acknowledge  that  the  Trust  recognises  that  the  investigation  reports 
provided  in  respect  of  Jonny  Cole’s  death  were  unsatisfactory  and  also 
and that the review of Rapid Response Liaison Psychiatry involvement in 
2022, 
the 
investigation in its entirety”. However, it is of concern that the 2022 review 
was also insufficient and inadequate. 

“was  a  missed  opportunity 

retrospectively 

review 

to 

The concerning information relating to the attempt Jonny made to ligate in 
 told me that an attempt on life 
a tree was not analysed. 
by suicide increases the risk 100-fold that you would die by suicide in the 
next 12 months and is the most significant risk factor in Jonny’s history 
that massively elevated the risk until that period of time has lapsed which 
requires clinical risk assessment].  

10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The Investigation report and the updated report following review failed to 
identify themes of concern2, and did not reassure me that the Trust had 
taken an appropriate response to investigate the concerning facts of this 
case and to ensure lessons were learned and not repeated for other 
patients and appropriate audit undertaken. 

I am told that the Trust is, “committed to continuing our improvement 
journey in this area”, however, I remain concerned that the Trust’s 
investigation was insufficient, lacked robustness and did not fully engage 
with the duty of candour. 

6  ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I 
believe you and your organisation have the power to take such action.  

7  YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date 
of this report, namely by 31st July 2023. I, the Coroner, may extend the 
period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be 
taken, setting out the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain 
why no action is proposed. 

8  COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following 
Interested Persons: 

- Jonny’s wife. 

 – Jonny’s partner. 

 -Jonny’s father. 

Ministry of Defence 

Nottinghamshire Health Care Foundation Trust 

2  By  way  of  example  the  issue  as  to  the  failure  of  a  medication  review  by  a  psychiatrist  in 
January 2018 despite a request for the same with no proper analysis as to how Jonny’s name 
was removed from the board; no robust analysis as to the change of Jonny’s medication and 
why  medication  had  not  been  increased  or  addressed  by  an  updated  risk  assessment  and 
care plan; no analysis of  the missed opportunity relating  to risk assessment  around Jonny’s 
arrest and lack of liaison with criminal justice partners to inform risk assessment. 

11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Derbyshire Constabulary 

Derbyshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust 

I have also sent it to: 

Op Courage Midlands Lincolnshire Partnership NHS Foundation Trust – 

who may find it useful or of interest. 

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your 
response.  

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted 
or summary form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who 
he believes may find it useful or of interest.  

You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your 
response, about the release or the publication of your response by the 
Chief Coroner. 

9 

Sophie Cartwright 
Assistant Coroner 
Derby and Derbyshire Area 
5th June 2023                        

12

Responses

2 responses published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Ministry of Defence (PDF)
SECRETARY OF STATE 
MINISTRY OF DEFENCE 
FLOOR 5, ZONE D, MAIN BUILDING 
WHITEHALL  LONDON  SW1A 2HB 

31 July 2023 

4.4.3 

Dear Miss Cartwright KC, 

Thank  you  for  your  Regulation  28:  Report  to  Prevent  Future  Deaths  dated  05 
June 2023 which detailed concerns identified during the inquest into the very sad 
death of Army veteran Mr Jonathan ‘Jonny’ Cole. I am grateful to you for your 
very thorough investigation.  

The inquest was informed of the significant changes which have taken place over 
the  last  decade  in  the  areas  of  mental  health  support  for  military  personnel, 
transition to civilian life and assistance to veterans. I would like to focus briefly on 
more  recent  developments  in  each  of  these  three  areas  which  address  the 
important issues you have raised.  

Last  year  saw  the  publication  of  the  ‘Defence  People  Health  and  Wellbeing 
Strategy  2022-2027’1  with  the  objective  to  create,  promote  and  maintain  the 
conditions for Defence People to live healthy lifestyles in healthy environments, 
reducing injury, illness and suicide as far as possible. Aligned to this effort, the 
first  ever  Armed  Forces  Suicide  Prevention  Strategy  and  Action  Plan  was 
published  in  April  this  year2,  detailing  the  strategic  framework  within  which 
Defence  will  take  further  action  to  reduce  suicide  and  better  support  those 
affected by it. In October 2021 the mandatory Annual Mental Fitness Brief was 
released, adding to the ‘through life’ mental resilience and stress management 
training  available  to  personnel.  The  brief  covers  the  themes  of  mental  health, 
wellbeing and resilience and details where personnel can seek appropriate help. 
In 2019 we implemented a holistic transition policy, and this has recently been 

1 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/defence-people-health-and-wellbeing-strategy-2022-
to-2027  
2 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/armed-forces-suicide-prevention-strategy-and-action-
plan  

Miss Sophie Cartwright KC 
HM Assistant Coroner  
Derby and Derbyshire Area 
St Katherines House  
St Mary's Wharf 
Derby  
DE1 3TQ  

 updated3. The policy introduced a streamlined referral process to assist service 
personnel  leaving  the  military,  and  their  immediate  families,  in  accessing  the 
support required.   

The Office for Veterans’ Affairs (OVA) works across government and with 
private sector organisations, charities and other public sector organisations to 
support and deliver services to veterans. Its ‘Veterans' Strategy Action Plan’4 
sets out commitments the UK Government will deliver to support the objective 
of making the UK the best place in the world to be a veteran. The OVA has also 
worked closely with the Department of Health & Social Care and NHS England 
on the development and promotion of Op Courage, which was launched by the 
latter in 2021 to provide a broad range of specialist mental health and wellbeing 
care and support for service leavers, reservists, veterans and their families.    

This year the MOD and OVA jointly commissioned an Independent Review of 
UK Government welfare services for veterans5. The review investigated the 
role, scope and breadth of UK Government welfare provision for veterans, 
including by the MOD under the Veterans UK banner. The report, published 
earlier this month, has identified several recommendations to improve welfare 
provision for veterans across a variety of channels. The recommendations are 
being closely considered and a formal response is to be published later this 
year.    

I have provided below further details in response to the Matters of Concern 
raised in your report. I hope that this response will illustrate the determination 
held across Defence to provide the very best support to our people whilst in 
service and as they transition into civilian life.   

Our thoughts remain with Mr Cole’s family and friends. 

Yours sincerely, 

THE RT HON BEN WALLACE MP 

3 https://www.gov.uk/guidance/help-and-support-for-service-leavers-and-their-families  
4 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/veterans-strategy-action-plan-2022-to-2024  
5 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-independent-review-of-uk-government-welfare-
services-for-veterans  

 Matter  of  Concern  1  -  I  have  a  concern  as  to  the  number  and  availability  of 
psychiatrists and psychologists within the Ministry of Defence and accessible to 
serving personnel. This concern extends to ensuring a soldier receives access to 
important  as 
appropriate  treatment  including  diagnosis.  Diagnosis 
under  the  Armed  Forces Compensation  Scheme,  mental  disorders  must  be 
diagnosed  by  a  relevant  accredited  medical  specialist,  namely,  a  medical 
practitioner whose name is included in the specialist register kept and  published 
the  General  Medical  Council  as required by section 34D of the Medical 
by 
Act 1983.  

is  also 

The Defence Medical Services’ (DMS) mental health workforce position reflects the 
national and international shortage of healthcare workers that has worsened since the 
covid pandemic.  

The current Defence workforce position for psychiatrists and psychologists is 
summarised in the table below. As some positions involve job shares and part time 
working, figures are to one decimal place, representing the number of full-time 
equivalent (FTE) staff. 

1 in 8 (13.2%) of UK Armed Forces personnel were seen in Military healthcare for a 
mental health reason in 2022/23. This presents an increase compared to previous 
years (2021/22 = 12.5%, 2020/21 = 10.5%). 2.2% of UK Armed forces personnel were 
seen by a specialist mental health clinician in 2022/23, which remains consistent with 
previous trends.7  

6 Civilian In Lieu of Military. Where a military postholder is deployed or otherwise unavailable for a 
significant period, a suitably qualified civilian can be posted into that position to ensure continued 
patient care until military personnel are able to re-fill the role 
7 20230629_MH Annual Report_O (publishing.service.gov.uk) 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 This picture presents a challenge to Defence. In response, the DMS has instituted a 
number of projects under its transformation portfolio that aim to improve the 
employment offer, maximise retention and ensure the workforce is efficiently used.  

To improve recruitment outcomes, efforts are focussed on expanding the approach to 
advertising beyond the use of the NHS Jobs Platform, delivering bespoke adverts to 
intelligently target Mental Health professionals, including psychiatrists and 
psychologists. Complimenting the findings within the Haythornthwaite review8, this 
relates to wider work in the recruitment attraction space on better communication of the 
total reward offer, maximising advertising opportunities and strengthening the 
Employee Value Proposition (EVP) which can improve both attraction and retention. 

The Defence Health Care Recovery Group (DHRG) is a new organisation, working to 
HQ Defence Primary Healthcare (DPHC)9, which will provide direct oversight and 
integration of Mental Healthcare (MH), Occupational Health (OH) and Rehabilitation 
delivery. The HQ element of DHRG reached Initial Operating Capability in Oct 2022, 
with a projected Full Operating Capability in Mar 2024.  DHRG’s role is to transform 
extant Mental Health Delivery Services to ensure: 

a. 
b. 
c. 
d. 
e. 
f. 

Improved timelines for patient recovery  
Improved patient care 
Increased workforce satisfaction 
Reduction in onward referrals to intermediate care 
Improved patient satisfaction of care 
Improved patient safety and governance 

Establishment of the DHRG is an integral part of the wider Healthcare Improvement 
Programme (HIP) and aims to move ‘referred to’ services in DPHC10 away from 
regional management towards a nationally managed, locally delivered model. This 
change will make better use of capacity and deliver standardisation of care, maximising 
the use of remote consultations and reducing variability in waiting times.  Subordination 
of the Mental Health Services workforce to DHRG has already enabled full oversight of 
extant resources, gaps and clinical capability and therefore the ability to prioritise effort. 

In conjunction with the activity above, a DMS Mental Health Service Improvement 
Project (MHIP) commenced in May 23 and is projected to be completed by Dec 24.  It 
will be led by Commander DHRG and is designed to achieve the following: 

Transform Mental Health delivery to ensure patient outcomes and                 

Design and deliver a new Mental Health care pathway (pilot launched May 23) 
Improve both patient and workforce access to services to enhance delivery and 

a. 
responsiveness 
b. 
c. 
satisfaction 

8 Agency and agility: Incentivising people in a new era (publishing.service.gov.uk) 
9 Headquarters Defence Medical Services is the functional lead organisation for all healthcare in 
Defence.  The HQ DMS is led by a 3* Director General.  The subordinate Defence Primary Healthcare is a 
1* delivery organisation within the DMS. All non-Operational Primary Medical Care, Dental Care, 
Rehabilitation, Occupational Health and Mental Health is delivered by DPHC 
10 Mental Healthcare (MH), Regional Rehabilitation (RRU) and Occupational Health (OH) services 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Standardise business processes and integrate near real time data to improve 

d. 
responsiveness 
e. 
f. 

Develop a Caseload and Workforce Management Tool 
Improve workforce agility and resilience in delivery of care 

Fundamentally the establishment of the DHRG and the associated MHIP will assist 
DMS to optimise its use of available mental health workforce, improving access, end-
user experience and staff workloads. 

The final body of work of relevance to this concern is the Unified Career Management 
(Medical) (UCM (Med)) which has been introduced within Defence. All DMS mental 
health personnel were moved to this model on 01 Jul 23. This system enables DMS, 
through Strategic Command, to career manage the workforce across the three 
services, resulting in a more agile and informed approach to workforce planning which 
will lead to a greater ability to mutually support and proactively prioritise workforce 
gapping where it exists.  

Matter  of  Concern  2  -  I  have  a  concern  that  the  Vulnerability  Risk  Management 
Process  [Suicide  Vulnerability  Risk  Management  as  was]  is  Unit  led  and  that 
DCMH clinicians do not have a greater role in influencing the Army’s vulnerability 
risk management (VRM) process for suicidal soldiers.  

The Vulnerability Risk Management (VRM) process was completely overhauled in 2014 
and again in 2020. The major change in 2014 was the introduction of a Management 
Information System (Vulnerability Risk Management Information System (VRMIS)) as a 
Unit’s Vulnerability Risk Management Register, moving away completely from the 
previous paper-based system.  

Since its creation and roll-out in 2014/2015 the VRMIS specifically allows for clinicians, 
and other third parties who are supporting an individual, such as pastoral and welfare 
services, to be given read-only access to the Care Action Plan11 (subject to the 
individual’s explicit consent). The system and process were updated and aligned to 
follow a multi-disciplinary approach.  

Whilst the VRM process is a command-led tool under which the Chain of Command 
are the lead in identifying, assessing, and managing their personnel who are 
considered to be vulnerable to, or at risk of suicide and self-harm behaviours, the input 
and involvement of medical, pastoral, welfare and other third parties are an essential 
requirement. The central policy, AGAI 11012, acknowledges that whilst suicide and self-
harm behaviour may be unrelated to mental ill health, consultation for medical advice 
and referral is mandatory for any individual deemed to be at risk of suicide or self-harm 
behaviour. Medical professionals (normally the Medical Officer or an empowered 
medical representative) are amongst the key personnel required to attend the initial risk 
conferences and subsequent formal reviews that take place whilst an individual is on 
the Unit’s Vulnerability Risk Management Register (held on VRMIS). 

11 The CAP is a live document held securely on VRMIS which is used and maintained for the duration that 
the individual is considered to be at risk. It is a chronological version of events that records how the 
individual is being actively managed and supported 
12 Army General and Administrative Instructions, Volume 3, Chapter 110, Vulnerability Risk Management 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 AGAI 110 and AGAI 5713 - Army Health & Wellbeing Committees - mandate that formal 
monthly reviews must take place; known as the “Commander’s Monthly Case Review” 
(CMCR) these comprise of the respective Chain of Command, Medical representative/s 
(the Medical Officer/GP or a designate) Welfare and Pastoral personnel plus other 
third-party professionals involved in an individual’s care. The medical attendee will 
usually represent the entirety of the medical function, which can include information 
from Specialist services, such as Departments of Community Mental Health (DCMH).  
This, however, does not preclude other clinicians being present at Unit level meetings 
by invitation/exception where required. The formal CMCRs are supplemented by 
“Individual Case Management Reviews”, undertaken at a frequency to suit the 
requirements of a particular case and involving discussions and updates from those 
supporting and caring for the Service Person who has been identified at risk.   
Defence Primary Health Care (DPHC) Guidance Note (G/N) 15/15 details the support 
which is to be provided to single service health committees by DPHC personnel. This 
confirms that attendance at unit health committees by the Medical Officer, GP or 
designate is to be ‘considered the norm’.  DPHC Op Order 22/011 ‘Routine Firm Base 
Healthcare Support to Defence’ details that medical support and input to VRM 
conferences and reviews is priority one activity for DPHC staff, considered as urgent 
clinical care.  

Aligned to single service policy on the management of personnel identified at risk of 
suicide and self-harm behaviours, Defence Medical Services (DMS) has put in place 
Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for all medical personnel on the management of 
vulnerable patients. This is designed to promote best practice and deliver effective 
safeguarding procedures (initially in G/N 07/18, superseded in 2022 by Defence 
Primary Healthcare Standard Operating Procedures 2022DPHCSOP03-01-002 for the 
Managing of Vulnerable Patients).  

This SOP strengthens the previous advice provided by DPHC in 2018 to medical 
facilities on the management of vulnerable patients. In particular, it directs that: all 
patients who are under a Chain of Command-led case conference are read-coded and 
alerted on DMICP14 as vulnerable; all medical centres and DCMHs are to maintain a 
register and run monthly searches to identify vulnerable patients; all facilities are to 
hold an appropriate meeting, at least monthly, to discuss all vulnerable patients; each 
facility is to ensure there is a process in place for handing over patients, and identifying 
new ones on registration. This SOP and its intent align with both AGAI 110 - 
Vulnerability Risk Management and AGAI 57 - Health and Wellbeing Committees.   
Since 2014 with the introduction of VRMIS and the overhaul of policy, training and 
education has been provided to users of the VRMIS and the VRM Process as detailed 
in AGAI 110, specifically at career and pre-employment courses (such as the Unit 
Welfare Officers Course, the All-Arms Adjutants Course and the Sub Unit Commanders 
Management course). In addition, ad-hoc training is delivered to units as requested.  

13 Army General and Administrative Instructions, Volume 2, Chapter 57, Army Health & Wellbeing 
Committees 
14 The Defence Medical Information Capability Programme (DMICP), a centralised electronic record 
system 

 
 
 
 Matter of Concern 3a - I have a Concern about the training and experience of the 
Medical  Advisors  at  Veterans  UK  providing  advice  under  the  Armed  Forces 
Compensation Scheme. 

The Medical Advisors are a group of doctors who sit under the operations umbrella of 
Defence Business Services (DBS).  Some are trained in the Service Pensions Order 
(SPO), some in the Armed Forces Compensation Scheme (AFCS) and several are 
dual trained for cases which span both schemes.   

As a requirement for the post of DBS Medical Advisor (MA), all employed must hold a 
full, unrestricted licence to practise with the General Medical Council and continue to 
undertake annual appraisals to maintain their revalidation certificates. This includes a 
requirement to undertake a minimum of 50 hours continuing professional development 
(CPD) activity per year relevant to the scope of the doctor’s role.  The MAs undertake 
regular in-house CPD which may be general or informed by particular case types or 
issues raised, both medical and legal. 

Individual staff members hold various specialist qualifications, but the key factor in their 
recruitment is their experience and breadth of knowledge within the field of patient care 
and medicine.  
Medical Advisors usually join the department following a successful career in some 
branch of clinical medicine relevant to the Armed Forces. This includes, but is not 
limited to, General Practice, Orthopaedics, Occupational Health, Mental Health, and 
Public Health. On joining they are trained in medico-legal determinations and evidence-
based medicine, as they relate to the legislation covering the Armed Forces 
Compensation Scheme or War Pension Scheme administered by DBS. Medical 
Advisors give case-specific, evidence-based advice and certificates on causation and 
assessment and provide reasons for decisions. 

DBS Medical Advisors are not involved in the clinical diagnosis, care or treatment of 
War Pension or Armed Forces Compensation Scheme claimants. A Medical Advisor’s 
role is limited to providing advice and guidance based upon pre-existing medical 
evidence which is used to determine the level of disablement in accordance with the 
relevant scheme rules. 

The Medical Advisor in question started in DBS on 24 Oct 2013 and provided medical 
advice in respect of Mr Cole’s AFCS mental health claim on 10 Dec 2013.  Given that 
the MA was ~6 weeks into the role, in terms of prevention, this response should focus 
on initial MA training and mentoring.  After reviewing the case specific facts, DBS is 
confident that the approach to this case was not indicative of its current approach.  
Since the appointment of a Senior Medical Advisor in Dec 2022, a structured training 
programme has been implemented for all new AFCS Medical Advisors.  This involves 
initial legislative training with the Policy Medical Advisor, followed by an intensive 
period of 3-4 weeks face to face case-based training with the Senior Medical Advisor or 
equivalently experienced MA.  Subsequently several months of close mentorship 
occurs by an experienced MA, including reviewing each decision made to ensure 
correct decision making and a consistent approach, whilst continuing to provide 
ongoing guidance and training.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Following careful assessment of their training progress made to date, if deemed 
appropriate, the newly trained MA is then allocated a dedicated mentor for the scheme 
on which they trained, and as such is able to easily access advice, guidance and 
further training as required.   

Considering that this medical advice was provided in Dec 2013, in addition to a more 
structured and supportive initial training programme for new MAs, the following 
measures have also been implemented more generally since that time: 

•  Monthly peer AFCS case-based discussion groups which allow the MAs to 
ensure consistency via benchmarking and identify issues that may require 
further policy guidance. 

• 

In house CPD sessions. For example bringing in specialists from Defence 
Medical Services to upskill MAs in relevant medical conditions, such as non-
freezing cold injury or PTSD.  The MAs are also encouraged to join the Civilian 
Medical Practitioner CPD sessions which are also relevant to the MA role.  

•  Having a single point of contact for complex case queries/case discussion, 

providing less of a barrier for MAs to seeking advice/reassurance in respect of 
queries. 

• 

Improved identification of overall MA training needs; utilising various methods 
including quality monitoring outcomes, tribunal outcomes, opportunistically, via 
complaints and through customer/colleague feedback.  This feeds into the in-
house MA training discussed above. 

•  Making sure all MAs have access to necessary medical resources, for example 
DMICP and ensuring Athens accounts15 are maintained to ensure access to up-
to-date medical evidence. 

•  Since early 2023 DBS is now performing an increased number of validation 
checks on completed MA quality monitoring files and performing improved 
analysis of the quality monitoring outcomes.  This is being fed back into the in-
house MA CPD programme. 

It is acknowledged in the case of Mr. Cole that the MA was new to the role and 
required more support and guidance, and that this was a shortcoming which DBS has 
recognised and worked hard to address.  As detailed above, there have been 
significant improvements in MA training and support since this decision was made in 
2013 and it is hoped that this response provides reassurance in this regard to HM 
Coroner and the family and friends of Mr Cole.   

Matter of Concern 3b - I have a Concern about the rejection of claims for PTSD 
under the Armed Forces Compensation Scheme if there is not a formal diagnosis 

15 An authentication system that acts as a key to unlock access to resources for eligible health and care 
staff. An account gives access to NHS-funded online books, journals, databases, evidence sources and e-
learning 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 by a consultant psychiatrist or psychologist but evidence of PTSD within medical 
records from other medical professionals. 

The Armed Forces Compensation Scheme legislation (available at: The Armed Forces 
and Reserve Forces (Compensation Scheme) Order 2011 (legislation.gov.uk)) 
specifies that mental disorders must be diagnosed by a clinical psychologist or 
psychiatrist at consultant grade; this is the case for all mental disorders, not only PTSD. 
The requirement for a consultant level diagnosis has been considered multiple times by 
the Independent Medical Expert Group (IMEG) as part of their reports on mental 
health, and on each occasion found to be appropriate. IMEG is an advisory non-
departmental public body sponsored by the Ministry of Defence that advises the 
Minister for Defence People, Veterans and Service Families on medical and scientific 
aspects of the Armed Forces Compensation Scheme and related matters. 
Their responsibilities include: 

• 

• 

investigating the issues on which advice is requested; 

reaching conclusions and making recommendations based on evidence; 

•  providing evidence comprising independent, published, peer-reviewed scientific 

and medical literature; and 

•  consulting other experts and inviting interested parties to submit relevant 

research (but IMEG does not commission research) 

A summary of IMEG considerations is outlined below. 

In 2013 IMEG considered the need for a formal diagnosis at this level as part of their 
second report, in the section entitled “Who should make the diagnosis?”. This report 
concluded that diagnosis should be by consultant level psychiatrist or clinical 
psychologist. The report is available here: IMEG Report 2 Mental Health 
(publishing.service.gov.uk).  

In early 2016 a quinquennial review, or QQR, was conducted of the Armed Forces 
Compensation Scheme to make sure that the scheme remained fit for purpose and 
displayed the flexibility to adapt to changing conditions and environments. This was an 
independent review. Overall the QQR concluded that the AFCS remained on track and 
fit for purpose, with some areas needing improvement. IMEG considered issues raised 
in the QQR as part of their fourth report, including mental health, and concluded that 
“Diagnosis remains very important and should continue to be made by a psychiatrist or 
clinical psychologist at consultant level.” The report is available here: IMEG report 4 
AFCS QQR issues (publishing.service.gov.uk). 

IMEG further considered mental health in their fifth report, published in 2020. This 
reviewed the conclusions reached in 2013 as part of their second report. IMEG 
concluded that: “Because of the classification complexities and uncertainties discussed 
above and the need for rigour and consistency in diagnosis, both in clinical and 
compensation terms, we continue to recommend clinical diagnosis at consultant level.” 
The report is available here: IMEG Report 5 Review of 2013 IMEG Second Report on 
Mental Health (publishing.service.gov.uk). 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 There is ongoing work to keep the requirement for a consultant level psychiatrist or 
clinical psychologist under review and ensure it remains an appropriate requirement for 
mental health claims. A further quinquennial review of the Armed Forces 
Compensation Scheme has been conducted which will comment on this matter when 
published; a copy will be made available on gov.uk and provided to HM Assistant 
Coroner for Derby and Derbyshire. Additionally, IMEG are again reviewing mental 
health as part of their seventh report, expected in early 2024. Once complete, a copy of 
their report will be published on gov.uk and provided to HM Assistant Coroner for 
Derby and Derbyshire.
Response from Nottinghamshire Healthcare (PDF)
Chief Executive’s Office 
The Resource 
Duncan Macmillan House 
Porchester Road 
Nottingham 
NG3 6AA 

14 August 2023 

Private and Confidential 

Ms S Cartwright 
HM Assistant Coroner for Derby and Derbyshire 
Saint Katherines House 
Saint Mary’s Wharf 
Mansfield Road 
Derby 
DE1 3TQ 

Dear Ms Cartwright,  

Please find  below the  organisational  response  to the  recently  received  Preventing Future  Deaths 
Report, following the sad death of Mr Cole.  

The  Matters  of  Concern  raised  within  the  report  that  relate  to  Nottinghamshire  Healthcare  NHS 
Foundation Trust (thereafter referred to as the Trust):  

Concern  that  the  Trust  is  doing  too  little  to  identify  and  address  the  risk  of  suicide  for 
Veterans 

is  a  Trustwide  role  which 

Nottinghamshire Healthcare Trust is committed to working collaboratively with patients and staff to 
prevent suicide and reduce harm.  This includes how we work with patients to meet their needs and 
also equip our workforce to have the right knowledge and skill to respond effectively to suicidality 
and promote safety.  As such, we have a Trustwide Lead for Suicide Prevention, Rachel Lees.   This 
role 
implementing 
is  responsible 
Nottinghamshire Healthcare’s suicide prevention strategy, and working with other partners 
across  the  wider  system.  This  role  works  strategically  and  clinically  to  reduce  harm  and 
promote  safety  in  relation  to  suicidality,  particularly  focusing  on  training  delivery,  clinical 
practice and sharing of learning and key messages. This role provides expert professional 
advice,  guidance  and  support,  working  closely  with  colleagues  at  all  levels  of  the 
organisation to develop and improve practice. 

for  developing  and 

Through triangulation of our mortality surveillance data within Nottinghamshire Healthcare Trust, we 
recognise that the Veteran group do present with factors that impact on their ability to access and 

The Resource, Duncan Macmillan House, Porchester Road, Nottingham NG3 6AA 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 receive support.  Subsequently, they can present with an increased risk of harm.  We are committed 
as an organisation to supporting this patient group and plan to do the following –  

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

The three yearly review of the Suicide Strategy is underway and will include a focus on staff 
awareness  of  factors  which  may  be  affecting  different  sub-groups  of  patients  and  clinical 
considerations and implications for practice.  Specifically, this will reflect the enhanced risk for 
the  veteran  patient  group  from  what  we  have  learnt  in  the  Trust  and  nationally.    Our  Trust 
essential training for Suicide Awareness and response will also reflect this. 
The Trust holds an annual Suicide Prevention conference where this learning will be reflected.  
Our  colleagues  in  OpCourage  and  Trust  Armed  Forces  Community  Network  will  also  be  in 
attendance and hosting an information stall.  
The topic for July’s Trustwide Suicide Prevention Champions Network meeting was Veterans 
and  Suicide  Prevention  with  the  Operation  Lead  for  OpCourage  Midlands  attending  as  the 
guest  speaker  to  present  and  share  information  about  the  Armed  Forces  Covenant  and 
OpCourage  with  colleagues.  This  meeting  was  recorded  and  is  being  shared  Trustwide 
through various Communications, including being made available on the Trust’s intranet. 
Rachel  Lees  will  undertake  a  thematic  review  over  the  next  9  months  of  patients  that  are 
veterans  and  open  to  services  to  understand  care  and treatment  and  identify  any  learning.  
This will be reported through the Quality Operational Group for learning.   

Nottinghamshire Healthcare is also a Gold Member of the Armed Forces Covenant and has recently 
been re-accredited by Veterans Covenant Healthcare Alliance and are "Veteran Aware." (Appendix 
1) 

Concern that there is a lack of understanding as to the appropriate services to make referrals 
to for Veterans by the Trust mental health practitioners. 

The Trust has taken action to gain knowledge of appropriate Veteran services which are available, 
and we are able to make referrals to.   As a result of this, we have looked to update our mental health 
practitioners  with  regards  to  this  information.    All  this  information  has  been  collated  from 
Nottinghamshire Healthcare culture and staff engagement facilitators, who are part of the Veterans’ 
Network.  Leaflets and posters have been provided and are being distributed throughout the Mental 
Health  Care  Group  and  shared  with  the  wider  Trust  for  review  and  distribution.    As  part  of  the 
information provided is a card that has a QR code on it, practitioners can scan this code and it takes 
them  to  the  Veteran  information  pages  on  the  Nottinghamshire  Healthcare  Trust  intranet  site 
‘Connect.’ 

Concern that there is a lack of understanding as to the services available for Veterans. 

All inpatient sites now display posters that state that ‘We are Proud to be Veteran Aware’ and include 
the contact details for the Veterans and families service Champions. Posters are being distributed 
to  all  community  team  bases  and  will  be  displayed  by  the  end  of  August;  follow  up  checks  are 
planned.  The  Trustwide  Lessons  Learned  Bulletin  (Appendix  2)  contained  information  relating  to 
Veterans, and this is shared Trustwide and available on the staff intranet site. Specifically in the Adult 
Mental Health Care Group the monthly communication the ‘Governance Gazette’ in July (Appendix 
3),  features  an  article  on  Veteran  services,  this  communication  is  distributed  to  all  teams  and  is 
discussed in the team meetings which are attended by all levels of staff. The article also has links to 

The Resource, Duncan Macmillan House, Porchester Road, Nottingham NG3 6AA 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Op  Courage  and  Army  and  You.  The  Nottinghamshire  Healthcare  culture  and  staff  engagement 
facilitators are presenting to the members of the Adult Mental Health Quality and Risk Group, which 
is  attended  by  senior  operational  managers,  service  managers  team  leaders  and  trainers  on  07 
September 2023.  

This information has been shared with the Trust for wider learning and Care Group relevant business 
managers and governance leads are review plans to disseminate this information with the emphasis 
being focused for the specific areas to include training. 

The Patient Medical records (RiO) now request that a section to be completed which seeks to ask if 
they are a veteran.  We are in the process of scoping if this can be a mandated question and to also 
add a hyperlink which will guide the practitioner to the services available.  We also plan to add a 
prompt about ensuring that the patient is supported with the referral if required.  This functionality 
will be audited in 6 months’ time to review accessibility and whether this can be used more widely. 

For  our  Forensic  Care  Group  we  have  specific  pathways  and  support  available  for  Liaison  and 
Diversion  we  provide  a  veterans  pathway  in  custody  which  includes  a  mandatory  referral  to  the 
service  –  Liaison  and  Diversion  also  work  closely  with  and  direct  individuals  to  Op  Nova  in  the 
community. 

For Offender Health Services, Clinical Specialists provide all the specialist therapeutic input for 
individuals and groups. They supervise healthcare teams and provide Veteran Awareness training 
for healthcare teams and all prison staff. This work is supported by Care after Combat who provide 
support and individual mentorship for veterans making all necessary practical preparations for 
release. These preparations start as early as a year pre-release to take into account the often lack 
of or limited civilian living prior to incarceration.  This and the through the gate mentorship are 
significant in the reduction/minimisation/prevention of Adjustment Disorder which many of the men 
experienced on leaving the Armed Forces and which is often a contributing factor to offending 
behaviour. The Care after Combat team also co-facilitate the regular groups. They also take on full 
responsibility and cost for the production, printing and delivery of the Wellbeing/Action packs. 

Concern  that  there  is  too  much  emphasis  on  Veterans  being  solely  responsible  for  self-
referral, with no assistance to assist in accessing appropriate services. 

The Trust  has  reflected upon  the  self-referral  pathway for  Veteran  related  services that require  a 
self-referral  and  recognise  that  this  can  present  with  difficulties  in  accessing  further  appropriate 
services.  For example, the impact having to tell a personal and sensitive story repeatedly can be 
distressing and result in a barrier to such services being accessed.   

We recognise that OpCourage remains a self-referral service for Veterans however, as a Trust, we 
have made the decision to always support this process.  This process will be monitored through the 
audit of veteran patients. 

We recognise  that  a  cultural  change  is  required  in  practice  to  ensure  that  where  a  self-referral  is 
required, that we undertake this in collaboration with the patient to ensure access is not restricted 
and will be kept under review and oversight. 

The Resource, Duncan Macmillan House, Porchester Road, Nottingham NG3 6AA 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 In addition, guidance has been written for staff to demonstrate professional curiosity in relation to a 
service users’ motivation or ability to complete self-referrals.  This identifies those who need support 
to  self-refer  and  clinicians  will  complete  this  with  the  individual  or  for  them  if  appropriate.    This 
guidance will be included in the updated version of the Local Mental Health Team (LMHT) Standard 
Operating  Procedure  (SOP),  which  will  be  provided  for  reference  once  completed  by  the  end  of 
August 2023. This SOP will incorporate the need to refer Veterans to OpCourage rather than rely on 
self-referral due to the known difficulty our Veterans have in seeking support.  All LMHT staff will be 
provided with a copy via email and this section will be highlighted in the  business meetings.  The 
Trust will need to have assurance that this practice is embedded, therefore an audit will take place 
over  a  period  of  three-month  period  to  identify  that  staff  are  exploring  if  a  service  user  requires 
support to access self-referral services and for the specific needs of  Veterans these referrals are 
being made on their behalf. 

A Veteran folder (Appendix 4) has been developed to help and support referrals for Veterans, this 
has been shared throughout the Adult Mental Health services And is currently being reviewed by our 
Mental Health Services for Older Peoples leads and Specialist Services leads to check suitability for 
patient group and will be shared across Mental Health Services by 18 August 2023. 

There  was  a  presentation  of  Mr  Cole’s  findings  from  the  inquest  at  the  Mid  Notts  and  Bassetlaw 
Local  Quality  and Risk Meeting  on Monday  24 July  2023.  The learning from this  continues to be 
shared via the business meetings with the teams across the Mental Health and Forensic Care group 
and Quality & Risk Meetings for wider learning.  The emphasis being that support with self-referral 
will be considered for those who require this.  

Concern of a lack of understanding (or effort) as to how to request and obtain military DCMH 
medical records. 

Support has been sought from the Head of Information Governance (IG) to identify the process in 
which to have any military records released. The Trust was informed by the MoD that the records 
needed  to  be  formally  requested  and  written  consent  sought  from  the  individual  prior  to  the 
application being made.  
IG colleagues then worked to produce a procedure that would clarify this process for staff with the 
appropriate  contact  numbers  included  for  each  armed  forces  and  the  necessary  consent  forms 
enclosed as an appendix.  

This procedure (Appendix 5) was approved on 1 August 2023, by the Information Security Forum 
(ISF) which is the Trust’s IG and IT Security meeting.  The procedure has now been published on 
the  Trust’s  Intranet  Policies  Page  and  it  is  being  explored  how  this  can  be  added  to  the  veteran 
demographic section to support staff in reminding them of this new process. 

As a result of the development of this, it will be circulated via the Executive Weekly Briefing, the Line 
Managers’ Bulletin and a link will be added to the Veteran information page on Connect, as well as 
being  included  in  the  next  Trustwide  Lessons  Learned  Bulletin.  Each  Care  Group  and  Care  Unit 
within the Trust has developed their own sharing mechanisms which include discussion in the Care 
Unit  Quality  Oversight  Group/Quality  and  Risk  Meetings,  Service  Business  Meetings  and 
Team/Ward Meetings with Governance leads ensuring this is included in the relevant agendas. 

The Resource, Duncan Macmillan House, Porchester Road, Nottingham NG3 6AA 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Concern as to the quality of the Trust’s Investigation Report and the process of review is not 
sufficiently robust. 

As  an  organisation  we  understand  the  importance  of  the  investigation  of  Serious  Incidents  and 
ensuring that the investigation undertaken is both detailed and robust and provides every opportunity 
to establish learning to prevent recurrence. In this case our investigation fell below the standard we 
would have expected and for that we unreservedly apologise for the distress and disruption caused 
as part of your coronial process.  We recognize that there are cases where the standard of report 
writing  and  investigating  has  not  been  to  the  level  required  and  have  undertaken  a  number  of 
measures to improve this.  

The Mental Health Care Group introduced a panel sign off process which collectively reviews the 
investigation  to  provide  a  higher  level  of  quality  assurance  and  triangulation  of  information.    We 
envisage our reviewed and strengthened governance will mitigate this risk moving forward. 

The learning from the outcome of this preventing future deaths report will be shared as part of on-
going training provided to staff undertaking serious incident investigations and those involved within 
the approval process of investigations. 

Incident Investigation Training: 

We  continue  to  work  with  external  partners  to  ensure  that  staff  undertaking  serious  incident 
investigations  are trained and  knowledgeable  in  investigation  techniques.  We  will  continue in our 
commitment  to  providing  a  two-day  training  event  for  investigators  based  on  a  “Systems  Based 
Approach” (SBA).  This approach is advocated by the Patient Safety Incident Response Framework 
(PSIRF) which will be implemented within NHS Organisations during the Autumn of 2023. The role 
of SBA is to identify the systems-based problems when an incident occurs, rather than focusing on 
the  individuals  involved. Our  aim  is  to  provide  five  two-day  Serious  Incident Investigation  training 
sessions each year, which enables the opportunity for 125 attendees across those sessions. 

Investigation Terms of Reference: 

For each serious incident investigation, clear and specific terms of reference are drafted and shared 
with the Operational Care Groups for comment at draft level before final sign off.  They assist with 
the  scope  of  the  investigation  and  carefully  balance  ensuring  that  investigators  are  clear  of  the 
investigation requirements and expectations, and that they are directed to any specific areas to be 
considered, without being too prescriptive which could risk restricting the panel / investigator in their 
review. 

When completed, terms of reference are signed off as follows: 

▪ 

▪ 

Concise level terms of reference are signed off within the Operational Care Groups concerned 
by either Head of Nursing or Associate Director of Nursing 
Comprehensive level terms of reference are signed off at Executive Director level. 

Quality Assurance of Investigation Reports: 

The Resource, Duncan Macmillan House, Porchester Road, Nottingham NG3 6AA 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 We also recognised that we needed to strengthen our overall review of our investigation reports and 
ensure those individuals who are reviewing/approving/authorising the final report have the skills to 
critically appraise the report and ensure it is fit for purpose. 

Whilst historically we have facilitated a one-off session to assist managers with the quality assurance 
process,  we  have  now  looked  to  extend  our  training  offer.  Therefore,  working  with  our  external 
training providers, we have commissioned a series of Serious Incident Quality Assurance training 
events during 2023/2024. Between September 2023 and December 2023, we will facilitate six one-
day training events. 

The  course  will  provide  the  attendees  with  skills  to  critically  assess  the  investigation  report  and 
ensure it concentrates on Systems Based outcomes and SMART actions. Our aim is that within the 
six sessions we can train approximately 150 individuals. The purpose of this training is to provide 
senior  leaders  who  have  responsibility  for  approving  reports  with the  skills  to  analyse  the  report, 
ensure  fairness,  that  systems-based  learning  has  been  applied  and  that  the  report  and  findings 
reflect the agreed terms of reference and any questions raised by the patient or family. The Trust 
recognises the need to consider neurodiversity when undertaking investigations. Guidance has now 
been  developed  to  support  investigators  to  consider  individual  need,  reasonable  adjustments, 
access to learning development and consultation forums. 

Review of active Investigations & Inquests: 

Whilst we appreciate the need for the work outlined above in terms of the development of our staff 
in terms of expertise to both undertake investigations, and critically analysis the resulting investing 
reports.  We  are  also  mindful  that  we  have  a  significant  number  of  completed  investigations  and 
upcoming inquests,  where we  believe  we  need to undertake  a  pro-active  and  objective review  of 
active inquests in the Trust to identify cases where lessons should be learnt and responded to. This 
will include but not be limited to: 

▪ 

▪ 
▪ 

Consideration of learning for the Trust, what lessons have been learnt or need to be learned 
from this matter. 
Ensuring family engagement and compliance with Duty of Candour 
A  summary  of  key  themes  from  both  current  and  historical  cases  which  may  support 
improvement work. 

I hope the information above provides the assurance that we have and continue to consider your 
recommendations seriously, and that we are actively seeking to improve the services we provide by 
implementing the actions outlined. 

Yours sincerely  

The Resource, Duncan Macmillan House, Porchester Road, Nottingham NG3 6AA 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 Chief Executive 
Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust 

Reference: 
Kapur N, While D, Blatchley N, Bray I, Harrison K (2009) Suicide after Leaving the UK Armed Forces 
—A Cohort Study. PLoS Med 6(3): e1000026. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000026 

Encs: 
Appendix 1: CEO email dated 24th July 2023 
Appendix 2: Trust Lessons Learned Bulletin 
Appendix 3: Excerpt from AMH Governance Gazette for July 2023 
Appendix 4: Veteran Pack 
Appendix 5: Procedure for obtaining military DCMH medical records 

The Resource, Duncan Macmillan House, Porchester Road, Nottingham NG3 6AA

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