Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2016

Charlie Jermyn

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2016-0204, written 27 May 2016. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report27 May 2016
Reference2016-0204
DeceasedCharlie Jermyn
CoronerElizabeth Carlyon
Coroner areaCornwall
CategoryChild Death (from 2015) · Hospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses publishednone published

The report

Text recovered by OCR from a scanned PDF. OCR is imperfect: check anything you rely on against the source PDF. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

Charlie Mark Jermyn

REGULATION 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS
THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:
1. The Chief Executive of the Royal Cornwall Hospital, Treliske, Truro

2. NHS England
3. Kernow Clinical Commissioning Group

CORONER

| am Dr Elizabeth Emma Carlyon, Senior Coroner for the coroner area of Cornwall and
the Isles of Scilly

CORONER'S LEGAL POWERS

| make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013.

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

Charlie Mark Jermyn died on 10" May 2015. An investigation was opened on 22"@
May 2015 and an inquest was opened on 23 September 2015. A three day
hearing was held between the 9" - 11" February 2016 at Truro Municipal
Buildings, Truro.

The cause of death was recorded as 1a Massive Hypoxic-Ischaemic Brain damage
1b Pneumonia caused by Beta Haemolytic Streptococcus Group A Infection. The
Conclusion of the inquest was “Charlie Mark Jermyn died from natural causes
contributed by a sequence of failures in the health care system during the first 24
hours of life”.

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH

Charlie Jermyn was born at full term in the bathroom at his home address,

on 9" May 2015 with a birth weight of 2.820 Kg (5'" centile).
The birth was attended by his father and no health professionals, as the labour
progressed rapidly. A midwife assisted with the delivery of the placenta. The
midwife reviewed mother and child between around 5.30 — 9.30 am and found
them both healthy and breast feeding was established. They were reviewed by
another mid-wife between 18.00 — 19.30 pm where there had been an alteration in
Chartie’s behaviour. He was sleepy, there was difficulty feeding and possible
respiratory distress (grunting), which are all possible signs of sepsis. At around
22.37 pm the parents contacted the Maternity Helpline and were advised further
on the feeding difficulties and the grunting was not addressed. A further midwife
attended at 10.00 am on the 10" May and during the routine visit Charlie stopped
breathing and was transferred by ambulance to the Royal Cornwall Hospital,
Treliske, Truro. Despite resuscitation attempts he died at 10.52 am as a result of a
Streptococcus Group A Infection. If signs for sepsis had been recognised on the
9" May, he would have been transferred to hospital earlier and provided with the
appropriate treatment to prevent death.

CORONER’S CONCERNS

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In
my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you.

At the inquest the Head of Midwifery at the Royal Cornwall Hospital outlined significant
changes that had been introduced to the Trust as a result of learning from this death.
These included the implementation of the NEWS chart in the post-natal documentation
and there was reassurance that immediate steps had been introduced to reduce risk of
future deaths. In addition the Director of Nursing accepted — Expert
Midwife Consultant offer to share best practice documentation with Trust.

The inquest identified areas where work should be undertaken
The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows. —

1. The Delay of over 5 hours, in full assessment of BE 200. progress in
the Day Assessment Unit at Royal Cornwall Hospital on the 8"/9" May 2015
was unacceptable(systemic failing).

2. Routine physiological observations of mother and baby were not undertaken
and recorded by the Community Midwives. This practice is not in line with
national practice. The accurate temperature, heart rate and other appropriate
observations/ recording should be routine and formally recorded with
stethoscope and thermometer etc (not just visual and touch). NEWS should be
completed on all babies,

3. The Royal Cornwall Hospital Trust core midwifery paperwork does not meet
best practice or NICE guidelines and does not prompt midwives to undertake
routine physiological assessments.

4. All Community Midwives should be provided with standard equipment to include,
ear thermometers, stethoscopes, blood sugar testing and SATS monitors and
these should be used as routine practice to make routine observations on
mother and baby.

5. There was a recommendation by the Midwife Consultant that centile charts for
each baby should be available in all hand held maternity records to assist
midwives identify babies who are potentially at risk.

6. The Expert Midwife advised that the use of a single birth weight in the Trusts
hypoglycaemic guidance (at risk at 2.5 kg) was not best practice and suggested
the use of three weights: pre tern, term, and late weight.

7. The telephone Maternity Helpline was inappropriately triaged by unregistered
inappropriately trained and qualified staff, who were unable to identify obvious
and significant sepsis markers indicating the seriousness of the deterioration in
Charlie’s health. No structured note taking or recording of the call was made for
future referral. Nor was the call taped/recorded. Helpline triage is a complex task
and should only be undertaken after specialist training by an appropriately
qualified person and the outcome of the conversations should be recorded
formally in line with best practice.

8. The red flag signs for sepsis (in this case sleepy, possible respiratory distress
(grunting) and difficulty in feeding) were overlooked resulting in a fatal delay in
referral to specialist hospital support/treatment. identification of sepsis in new
born babies is difficult and the staff and Trust should have had in place a
systemic, rigorous and regular training in this area. The Trust's own clinical
guidelines for the Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Early Onset Neonatal
Bacterial Infection, were not known to the midwives at the inquest. The Expert

Midwife gave the opinion that the RCHT Trust guidelines were not consistent
with the NICE guidance or best practice on this matter (page 147). In particular
it was noted that capillary re-fill time should be undertaken and recorded in
cases of suspected sepsis.

9. The Expert Midwife noted that RCHT SI and SOM were not appropriate and
been identified in the most recent LSA report on the Trust.

6

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and | believe you AND/OR
your organisation have the power to take such action.

1. To work with nD (0 implement NICE guidance and
Good Practice and documentation for the Royal Cornwall Hospital Trust.

2. To review the matters raised in Section 5 above, and ensure Midwifery and
Paediatric Practice is in line with NICE guidance and National Best Practice

3. The family welcomed the introduction of the Sepsis Assessment and
Management leaflet and expressed a wish that this leaflet should be included in
all hand held maternity records.

az, Expert Midwife report attached

YOUR RESPONSE

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report,
namely by the 22™ July 2046. |, the coroner, may extend the period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out
the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed.

COPIES and PUBLICATION

| have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested
Person, (parents), The Chief Executive of the Royal Cornwall

Hospital, and fo the SAFEGUARDING CHILDRENS BOARD. I have also sent it
to (Expert Paediatrician) Expert Midwife) and I
who may find it useful or of interest.

| am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful
or of interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your
tesponse, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner.

[DATE] [SIGNED BY CORONER]

27.05.2016 Crralootts Ermrnn Colors

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