Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2016

Harry Gill

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2016-0323, written 30 Aug 2016. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report30 Aug 2016
Reference2016-0323
DeceasedHarry Gill
CoronerMichael Singleton
Coroner areaBlackburn, Hyndburn and Ribble Valley
CategoryCommunity health care and emergency services related deaths
Organisation namedNorth West Ambulance Service NHS Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text recovered by OCR from a scanned PDF. OCR is imperfect: check anything you rely on against the source PDF. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS (1)

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:
The Chief Executive Officer

NHS Digital

1 Trevelyan Square

Boar Lane

Leeds

LS1 6AE

CORONER

Tam Michael Singleton, Senior Coroner for the Coroner area of Blackburn, Hyndburn
& Ribble Valley.

CORONER'S LEGAL POWERS

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act

2009 and Regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013.

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

On the 6"" day of June 2016 I commenced an investigation into the death of Harry
Stuart Gill aged 72 years. The investigation concluded at the end of the Inquest
which was concluded on the 24 day of August 2016. The conclusion of the
Inquest was that Harry Gill died from a heart attack brought on by the effects of
vomiting caused by an intermittent blockage in his bowel. His death could probably
have been prevented but for the failure to appropriately assess his medical
condition.

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH

Harry Gill became unwell and started to vomit on Saturday 28 May 2016. He was.
unable to tolerate food and was trying to take regular sips of water. At 09:56hrs on
Wednesday 1° June 2016 Mrs Gill on behalf of her husband contacted NHS 111.
The health advisor triaged the call using the vomiting pathway which should have
led to a Green 2 response but was incorrectly processed. Arrangements were
however made for a clinician to call back some two hours later. The clinician should
have reached a Green 2 response but the triage was incorrectly processed. That
call was concluded with advice that should the symptoms get worse or the condition
change to ring back NHS 111. At 18:28hrs on Thursday 2" June 2016 a further call
was made to NHS 111 at which time the health assistant incorrectly processed the
call and although a Green 2 response should have been reached instead
arrangements were made for a clinical advisor to call back. Three and a half hours
fater at 21:55hrs. That call was correctly processed and that call concluded with the

clinician indicating that an ambulance was going to be arranged. At 22:2ihrs on
the 24 June 2016 a nurse from the Urgent Care Desk then telephoned Mr Gill
indicating that the ambulance was not now be being dispatched and that |
arrangements were going to be made to try and contact and out of hours doctor.
Mr Gill collapsed and died shortly thereafter. The conclusion reached by
who is the 111 Clinical Quality and Nurse Lead for the NHS 111 .
Service of the North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust concluded that of the five i
calls only one was processed correctly. [I concluded “we have
identified that throughout the calls made to NHS 111 and UCD questions stems
around vomiting blood/coffee ground vomit were poor. There was not much
evidence of supporting information being used even though this is available within
the pathways and the Manchester Triage question. Assumptions were made that
the caller/patient understood the presentation of blood in vomit (ranging from bright
red to dark brown or black). There was not much probing around the patient
| vomiting brown fluid or smelling of “poo”. Since this incident we have requested a
change to the vomiting and/or nausea pathway via NHS Pathways Issue log, in
particular the question stem relating to vomiting blood or faeces. The question
stem is misleading to health assistants in regard to having three parts. As yet we
have had no response from NHS Pathways regarding this change.

CORONER'S CONCERNS

5
During the course of the Inquest the evidence revealed matters giving arise to
concern. In my opinion there is a risk that further deaths will occur unless action is
taken. In the circumstances it is my duty to report to you the MATTERS OF
CONCERN being as follows: -
That on four out of five telephone conversations between Mr Gill and his wife and
NHS 111 only one call elicited the appropriate response. It would therefore appear
that the vomiting pathways is not sufficiently robust to ensure an appropriate
response.

6 ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN
In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you
have the power to take such action.

7 YOUR RESPONSE

| You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this

report, namely by 31% October 2016. I, the Coroner, may extend this period.
Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting
out the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is
proposed.

8 COPIES and PUBLICATION

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following interested
person, namely:

| EER North West Ambulance Service

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.

2

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it
useful or of interest. You may make representations to me, the Coroner, at the
time of your response, about the release or the publication of your response by the
Chief Coroner.

Signed by: ......

30 August 2016

H M Senior Coroner for Blackburn,
Hyndburn & Ribble Valley

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from NHS Digital (PDF)
NHS

Digital

1 Trevelyan Square
Boar Lane
Leeds LS1 64E

HM Senior Coroner for Blackburn, Hyndburn and Ribble Valley
Coroner's Office

Enterprise Centre

Furthergate

Blackburn

BB1 3HQ

11 October 2016

Dear Mr Singleton

| am writing in response to a Section 28 ruling from HM Senior Coroner. This follows the
tragic death of Harry Gill who passed away on the 2nd June 2016. This was followed by an
investigation and inquest which concluded on 24/8/2016. | am writing in my role as the
Clinical Director for NHS Pathways which is the clinical triage platform for the national NHS
111 service. | amMEB, BA, MSc, MB ChB (Sheffield).

The Coroner has requested that NHS Pathways review its management of the vomiting
pathways and report on any improvements that have been made.

To aid this process NHS Pathways entered into discussions with the Clinical and Quality
Lead for the North Western Ambulance Service (NWAS) to better understand their concerns
regarding the structure of the vomiting questions. We agreed there was scope to enhance
our content and commenced a review with our clinical team.

This review has now concluded and [ can report the following changes to the vomiting
questions with rationale.

CURRENT QUESTION

The current question presented to the call handler and then asked of the patient is;

‘Have you vomited blood or faeces?"

Call handlers at NWAS reported a degree of confusion with the question and not enough
supporting information if the patient answered positively. At present call handlers may ask
the question as it appears without making full use of existing supporting information to probe
directly about coffee ground vomiting, and a caller may not realise that coffee ground vomit

is blood

Information and technology www.digital.nhs.uk
for better health and care enquiries@nhsdigital.nhs.uk

Digital
PROPOSED CHANGES
We have amended the question to be more specific and allow for a more focussed
interrogation of the nature of the vomit, in particular the presence of coffee ground like matter
in the vomit that can indicate a localised gastric bleed. The question that will be asked in the
next release of the algorithms will be;
Have you vomited any of the following?
A1- Coffee ground vomit

Supporting information presented to the call handler;

This means the individual has brought up or vomited dark brown or black material that looks
like soil or coffee-grounds. Blood that has been in the stomach often looks like this.

A2-Blood

Supporting information presented to the call handler;

This means any blood visible in vomit.

This also means any blood in or near the mouth.

The blood may have been forcefully vomited up or just be oozing or welling from the mouth.
A3- Faeces

Supporting information presented to the call handler;

This means vomit that looks and smells strongly of faeces (poo).

This work has been concluded and will be issued to all NHS Pathways sites for the next
release in the spring of next year. In addition we have further enhanced our site training
package for the management of vomiting in recognition of the difficulties in identifying the
nature of vomit remotely via third party telephone triage.

| am happy to answer any further enquiries from HM Coroner.

Yours sincerely

Clinical Director NHS Pathways

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