Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2017

Claire Medhurst

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2017-0270, written 10 Aug 2017. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report10 Aug 2017
Reference2017-0270
DeceasedClaire Medhurst
CoronerPatricia Harding
Coroner areaMid Kent and Medway
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Organisation namedMedway NHS Foundation Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:  Medway NHS Foundation Trust 
CORONER 

1 

I am Patricia Harding Senior Coroner for Mid Kent and Medway 

2 

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 and regulations 
28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On 17/03/2017 I commenced an investigation into the death of Claire Joan Elizabeth MEDHURST. The 
investigation concluded at the end of the inquest. The conclusion of the inquest was an open conclusion 
with how when and where the deceased came by their death being recorded as: 
Claire  Medhurst  died  from  the  consequences  of  fulminant  liver  failure  caused  by  a  polypharmacy 
overdose on 24th February 2017 at King’s College Hospital liver unit where she had been transferred after 
presenting  to  Medway  Maritime  Hospital  on  27th  January  2017.  That  she  had  acute  liver  failure  on 
admission  as  a  result  of  the  ingestion  of  an  unknown  quantity  of  paracetamol  was  not  recognised  or 
treated  for  some  six  hours  by which  time her  condition  had  significantly deteriorated.  Claire  Medhurst 
had  previously  been  admitted  to  Medway  Maritime  Hospital  on  22nd  January  2017  following  a 
polypharmacy  overdose  which  was  treated  and  resulted  in  a discharge  as  medically  fit  on  25th  January 
2017. Although in taking the first overdose she intended to end her life, her intention in ingesting further 
paracetamol cannot be determined from the evidence.  

4 

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 
On 22nd January 2017 Claire Medhurst aged 37 was admitted to Medway Maritime Hospital having taken 
a  poly  pharmacy  overdose  the  significant  components  of  which  were  paracetamol  and  ibuprofen.  She 
was provided with n-acetyl cysteine infusions in accordance with national guidance and was discharged 
on 25th January 2017 when medically fit, blood tests at the conclusion of treatment showing normal liver 
function.  She  underwent  a  mental  health  assessment  prior  to  discharge  which  established  that  her 
intention in taking the medication was to end her life and whilst she still had suicidal thoughts she had no 
plans to  end  her  life.  As  a  result  of  this and  the  fact that she  was  prepared  to  engage  with  the mental 
health team in the community, she returned home. On 27th January 2017 she was readmitted to Medway 
Maritime Hospital with abdominal pains. She denied having taken further medications. A blood sample 
taken  shortly  after  her  admission  revealed  grossly  abnormal  liver  function  and  a  toxic  level  of 
paracetamol. The clinicians were not alerted to the results by the laboratory, nor did a clinician review 
the results when reported. As a result there was a delay in treatment with n-acetyl cysteine of some six 
hours  by  which  time  her  condition  had  significantly  deteriorated.  She  was  admitted  to  the  Intensive 
Treatment  Unit  for  stabilisation  before  being  transferred  to  King’s  College  Hospital  Liver  Unit  on  28th 
January 2017  where  despite  supportive measures being provided  she further  deteriorated  and died  on 
24th February 2017. The medical cause of death was established to be: 
1a    
 b 
c   
II   

 Multi Organ Failure 
 Fulminant Liver Failure 
 Polypharmacy Overdose 
 Hepatic Steatosis 

5 

CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In my opinion 
there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the circumstances it is my statutory 
duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows.  –  

[BRIEF SUMMARY OF MATTERS OF CONCERN] 
(1) The discharge process on 25th January 2017 did not include any cautionary advice as to the further 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 use of medications such as paracetamol or ibuprofen as an analgesic particularly when Claire Medhurst 
had been experiencing headaches shortly before discharge and had been prescribed ibuprofen 
(2) The treating clinicians did not receive an alert from the haematology laboratory for the abnormal 
results for ALT and toxic levels of paracetamol 

6 

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you Medway NHS 
Foundation Trust have the power to take such action.  

7 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, namely by 9th 
October 2017. I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out the timetable for 
action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8 

COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested Persons Next of Kin, 
Kent & Medway NHS and Social Care Partnership Trust. I have also sent it to Care Quality Commission 
who may find it useful or of interest. 

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.  

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary form. He may send a 
copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful or of interest. You may make 
representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response, about the release or the publication of 
your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9 

10/08/2017 

Signature:  

Patricia Harding Senior Coroner Mid Kent and Medway

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Medway Nsh Trust (PDF)
INHS|

Medway

DIRECTOR OF NURSING OFFICE NHS Foundation Trust

Direct line:

Ms Patricia Harding Medway Maritime Hospital
Senior Coroner for Mid Kent and Medway Windmill Road
Kent Register Office Gillingham
The Archbishop's Palace, Palace Gardens Kent
Mill Street ME7 5NY
Maidstone, Kent

ME15 6YE

6" October 2017

Dear Ma’am

Re: Regulation 28 Report to Prevent Future Deaths — Claire Medhurst (deceased)

We refer to your report issued following the inquest touching upon the death of Claire
Medhurst dated 10 August 2017 pursuant to Regulation 28 of the Coroner's (Investigations)
Regulations 2013.

The follow is our response in relation to the matters of concerns raised:

The Discharging Doctor did not provide any cautionary advice as to further use of
analgesics such as paracetamol or ibuprofen

The Trust accepts that more should be done to ensure that patients presenting at the
Emergency Department (ED) who have had an overdose are provided with appropriate
information about paracetamol overdose and precaution around the use of other drugs that
contains paracetamol. The action taken with the learning from this case is described as
follows:

1. All key relevant staff will receive feedback via the appropriate staff meeting. These
meetings are already scheduled and all clinicians within the Emergency Department
and the acute assessment areas will receive the information through the staff
briefings. All staff will be given an overview of the case and the importance of
providing essential information to patients and their families on the use of drugs
containing paracetamol and ibuprofen will be detailed.

2. The importance of providing essential information about paracetamol overdose and
precaution around the use of other drugs that contains paracetamol upon discharge
has been discussed in the Emergency Department daily safety huddles to ensure
that all members of staff are aware of the importance of providing such information.

3. Staff are required to record the advice given to patients in the patients’ medical
notes. A spot check audit will be undertaken and this will take place regularly in
order to ensure a consistent change in practise can be evidenced. The results from
the first of these audit results is attached as appendix 1. The audit will occur
monthly until the Directorate Governance Committee is assured that this practice is
fully embedded and sustained.

Best of care
Best

4. An information leaflet has been developed and will be ratified via the Directorate
Governance Board on 6" October 2017. Once ratified, leaflets will be printed and
available in the ED on 23 October 2017. Patients will receive this information as
part of their medical management and discharge plan. Staff will include in their
documentation that a leaflet has been given and fully explained to the patient.
Once implemented, this will be included in the monthly audit programme. The
patient paracetamol overdose leaflet is attached as appendix 2.

5. All patients with an overdose must be reviewed by the nurse in charge of the
department/acute assessment wards prior to their transfer or discharge. This will
ensure that the patients’ medical management and discharge plan has been fully
implemented. In the case of paracetamol overdose this has been included in the
revised standard operating framework (appendix 3). The Trust adhere to national
poisons guidance and access to this is available to all staff working in the ED/acute
assessment areas.

The treating clinician did not receive an alert from the haematology laboratory for the
abnormal results for ALT and toxic levels of paracetamol.

An investigation into the serious incident was conducted by the head of the biochemistry
and pathology department and immediate actions implemented following the outcome of
the investigation.

Summary of investigation

¢ On27"™ January 2017 blood samples were taken from the patient and a request was
made to the laboratory at 17:23 hours to test for U&E, liver function, CRP and
amylase. At 18.25 hours the clinician in the Emergency Department telephoned the
laboratory to request a further test for paracetamol/salicylate levels. The sample was
analysed, authorised and available to clinicians in the Emergency Department on the
ILAB web system at 19:00 hours. The investigation concluded that this process was
managed to the expected standard.

e There are existing protocols in place with regards to the actions required by staff
when ALT levels are outside the safe limits. In the case of Clare Medhurst, the ALT
level was above the limit and the paracetamol level was also above the SBAR limit.
This required the technician to telephone the requesting clinician with the results.

e There was no evidence in laboratory records that either of these results were
communicated to the requesting clinician.

e The investigation included interviewing the member of staff that received and
processed the specimen. On examination of the records it highlighted the SBAR
form was not completed in accordance to the SBAR reporting protocol. The Trust
SBAR system to bleep critical results requiring immediate action to doctors is
attached as appendix 4.

e The analyser repeat log for that day was available but there was no record of the
actions taken given the abnormal blood result.

Best of care
Best

Actions taken to address issues raised are:

1. On 4" September 2017, the outcome of the investigation was shared with the staff
involved in the incident. The member of staff was able to conclude a reflective
practice and has demonstrated learning from this incident and that their usual
standard of work is in line with Trust policy.

2. As aresult of this incident an algorithm has been written to add a ‘paracetamol to
phone’ trigger test. Furthermore, on the first occurrence of an ALT level outside of
the safe range (>825), the system flags a reminder to the laboratory staff to
telephone it through to the requesting clinician. This flagging system was
implemented on 5'" September 2017 and applies to all tests were the levels are
outside of the safe range and require immediate actions by a clinician. The
Biochemistry Department ‘when to telephone a result’ document is attached as
appendix 5.

3. An audit will be conducted in October 2017 to measure compliance with SBAR and
the associated protocols, and ensure Trust procedures is being adhered to.

| have also taken the opportunity to share with you in appendix 6 the Trust serious incident
report and integrated action plan which is currently in draft form awaiting CCG approval.

Yours faithfully

Director of Nursing

@) Best of care

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