Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2017

Kathryn Richmond

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2017-0401, written 17 Nov 2017. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report17 Nov 2017
Reference2017-0401
DeceasedKathryn Richmond
CoronerRachael Griffin
Coroner areaDorset
CategoryCommunity health care and emergency services related deaths · Hospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Organisation namedWest Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text recovered by OCR from a scanned PDF. OCR is imperfect: check anything you rely on against the source PDF. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS (1)

NOTE: This form is to be used after an inquest.

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS
THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:

1. Rt Hon Jeremy Hunt MP, Secretary of State for Health, Department of
Health, Richmond House, 79 Whitehall, London, SW1A 2NS

7 Chair of the Association of Ambulance Chief

Executives, 32 Southwark Bridge Road, London SE1 9EU

CORONER

I am Rachael Clare Griffin, Senior Coroner, for the Coroner Area of Dorset

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice
Act 2009 and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations
2013.

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

On the 21% April 2015, an investigation was commenced into the death of
Kathryn Verina Richmond, born on the 28" March 2015.

The investigation concluded at the end of the Inquest on the 8” November
2017.

The Medical Cause of Death was:

1a Hypovolemic Shock
1b Spontaneous Ruptured Spleen
1c Infectious Mononucleosis Infection

The conclusion of the Inquest was that Kathryn Verina Richmond died as a
consequence of naturally occurring disease, where there was a delay in her
receiving necessary lifesaving treatment.

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH

On the 21st April 2015, the deceased, who had approximately 12 months
previously suffered with glandular fever, collapsed at her home address at

An ambulance was called immediately at
0.14 hours. South West Ambulance Service Trust (SWAST) initially categorised
the call as a Red 2 call and an ambulance was dispatched at 0.15 hours. Due to
insufficient probing on the call, by the end of the call it was downgraded to a
Green 2 call and the ambulance was stood down at 0.21 hours. A further call
was made to SWAST by the deceased's parents at 0.41 hours and the call was

categorised as a Red 2 call and an ambulance was dispatched at 0.45 hours. A
clinical review was then carried out with insufficient probing and the call was
then downgraded to a Green 2 call and the ambulance dispatched was stood
down at 0.57 hours. An ambulance arrived at the deceased's home address at
01.39 hours and she was taken to Poole Hospital, Poole where she arrived at
02.17 hours. She went into cardiac arrest and following resuscitation was taken
to theatre and underwent a laparotomy which revealed a ruptured spleen.
Despite receiving necessary lifesaving treatment her condition deteriorated and
she died that morning.

Between 0.00 hours and 02.00 hours on the 2ist April 2015 the demand for
ambulances with SWAST was 29% higher than predicted, there were 14
ambulances running and at times up to 6 ambulances were on meal breaks at
the same time and therefore unable to attend calls.

NER’ ERN.

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to
concern. In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action
is taken. In the circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you.

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows:

1. During the inquest evidence was heard that:

i. At the time of Miss Richmond's death, the South West Ambulance
Service Trust (SWAST) did not operate staggered shifts for their
ambulance staff which meant that their meal time breaks to be
taken in line with European Working Time Directives, fell at a
similar time. The result of this was that the number of available
ambulances running at certain times was significantly reduced.
On the evening of Miss Richmond’s. death there were 14
ambulances running and for a period there were 6 ambulances
on meal breaks at the same time meaning they were unable to
attend calls.

ii. SWAST undertook a trust wide rota review following Miss
Richmond’s death which has resulted in the staggering of shifts
for ambulance crew. This has resulted in the number of
ambulances taking meal breaks at any one time being reduced
and more resources being available to attend calls. This will
reduce the delays in attending emergency calls and could
therefore prevent future deaths.

iii. Evidence was given that within England and Wales other
Ambulance Service Trusts are still be operating on non-staggered
shift patterns which means that there is a risk that resources are
not being used as efficiently as they could be and that there
could be unnecessary delays in crews attending emergency calls

in those Trust areas.

2. Ihave concerns with regard to the following:

i. Due to the non-staggering of shift patterns of ambulance crews
within Ambulance Service Trusts, there could be increased delays
in attending emergency calls due to ambulance staff taking meal
breaks at the same time.

I therefore request that a review is undertaken of the guidance
given to Ambulance Service Trusts regarding the structuring of
their rota system to stagger shifts which in turn will stagger meal
breaks to ensure as many resources, as possible, are available at
any one time.

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

In my opinion urgent action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I
believe you and/or your organisation have the power to take such action.

YOUR RESPONSE

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this
report, 12" January 2018. I, the coroner, may extend the period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken,
setting out the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action
is proposed.

COPIES and PUBLICATION

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following
Interested Persons:

(1) Leigh Day, Priory House, 25 St John’s Lane, London, on behalf of the family
(2) Bevan Brittan LLP, Fleet Place House, 2 Fleet Place, London EC4M 7RF on
behalf of SWAST

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or
summary form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he
believes may find it useful or of interest. You may make representations to me,
the coroner, at the time of your response, about the release or the publication
of your response by the Chief Coroner.

Dated

Rachael C Griffi

17 November 2017

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Department of Health (PDF)
Aor Steve Barclay MP

Departm ent Minister of State
of Health
39 Victoria St
London
Your reference: RCG/01473-2015/LJ SW1H OEU
Our reference: PFD-1107336 Tel: 020 7210 4850
Ms Rachel C Griffin

HM Senior Coroner, Dorset

The Coroner’s Office R ECEIVED
Town Hall 18 JAN 2018

Bournemouth — sf ee
BH2 6DY

15 JAN 2018

Thank you for the Regulation 28 Report to prevent future deaths issued to the
Secretary of State for Health and Social Care on 17 November 2017 following the
inquest into the death of Miss Kathryn Verina Richmond. I am responding as
Minister with responsibility for ambulances and I apologise for the slight delay in
doing so.

Firstly, I would like to say how extremely saddened I was to read of the
circumstances surrounding Miss Richmond’s death. Please pass my condolences
to her family and loved ones.

The concerns highlighted in your report are around the staggering of shift patterns
of ambulance crews to maximise resources and avoid delays in attending
emergency calls where ambulance staff take meal breaks at the same time. You
ask that a review is undertaken of guidance to ambulance trusts regarding rota
systems and the staggering of shifts to ensure that as many resources as possible
are available at any one time.

Your report was issued to the Association of Ambulance Chief Executives (the
AACE), which acts as a national co-ordinating voice on issues of policy and
practice for ambulance trusts. My officials have liaised with the AACE to inform
this response.

I am aware that Mr Anthony Marsh, Chair of the AACE, responded to your report
on 8 January. You will therefore know that the AACE provides a function that
enables learning from serious incidents occurring within individual ambulance

trusts to be shared nationally. This allows action to be taken where necessary
across ambulance trusts within England to avoid similar incidents occurring.

Learning lessons where things have gone wrong is essential to ensuring the NHS
provides safe, high quality care. I am advised that the AACE will ensure that the
learning from this incident is shared nationally to allow other ambulance trusts to
review their procedures and ensure their internal control room processes are
adequate.

I can confirm that the Department of Health and Social Care does not issue specific
guidance to ambulance trusts on the structure of their rostering systems or meal
break arrangements. Neither does the AACE have the power to mandate
ambulance trusts to make changes to their operating practices. Paramedic meal
breaks and shift pattern arrangements are operational matters for individual
ambulance trusts.

However, I am advised that all ambulance services are aware of the need to stagger
meal breaks as much as possible and to regularly review rostering systems to
stagger start and finish times and therefore meal breaks. In addition, all ambulance
services have arrangements in place to enable clinicians to be interrupted during
their breaks in the event of a major incident, and all services have additional
arrangements for crews to be disturbed during a break on a voluntary basis to
respond to potentially life-threatening calls.

I am assured that all ambulance trusts are aware of their responsibilities in this area
and regularly review rostering arrangements to ensure they are robust and
optimised to meet current demand patterns.

The AACE will ensure that the National Directors of Operations Group is made
aware of your concerns and remind them of the need to regularly review rostering
arrangements. Additionally, I am advised that NHS Improvement intends to write
to all ambulance trusts in England to ask them to reflect on the Regulation 28
Report and their own governance procedures, in particular to review rota
management including the scheduling of meal breaks to ensure adequate
operational cover is provided at all times.

I hope this reply is helpful. Thank you for bringing the circumstances of Miss
Richmond’s death to our attention.

Msn janet
Co

STEVE BARCLAY

ASSOCIATION OF

AMBULANCE
CHIEF EXECUTIVES

Association of Ambulance Chief Executives
3° floor

32 Southwark Bridge Road

London

SE1 9EU

T: 020 7783 2043
E: info@aace.org.uk
W: www.aace.org.uk

Rachel C Griffin

H M Senior Coroner
County of Dorset
Town Hall
Bournemouth

BH2 6DY

10 January 2018

Dear Dr Griffin,

Thank you for your letter dated 17"" November regarding your Regulation 28 report to Prevent
Future Deaths Kathryn Verina Richmond.

Within your letter the area of concern you have raised is as follows:

e Due to the non-staggering of shift patterns of ambulance crews within Ambulance
Service Trusts, there could be increased delays in attending emergency calls due to
ambulance staff taking meal breaks at the same time.

e | therefore request that a review is undertaken of the guidance given to Ambulance
Service Trusts regarding the structuring of their rota system to stagger shifts which in
turn will stagger meal breaks to ensure as many resources possible are available at any
one time.

In preparing our response we have also been in contact with South Western Ambulance Service
(SWAST) and have reviewed their response to your concerns and the actions they have taken
internally to address those concerns.

Clearly there were two main issues in this tragic incident the first involving the way in which the
incident was managed internally by the SWAST Emergency Control Centre and secondly the
availability of ambulances associated with crews being on protected meal breaks. These issues
have been addressed internally by SWAST as part of their response to this incident.

Whilst you have indicated that you are satisfied that lessons have been learned in SWAST and
changes have been made which adequately address your concerns you remained concerned
that similar issues could occur in other Ambulance Trusts nationally.

Firstly, can | be clear that the Association of Ambulance Chief Executives (AACE) has no power
to mandate Ambulance Trusts nationally to make changes to their operating practices which
remain a matter for individual trusts and their respective Boards.

That said AACE can and does act as a national co-ordinating voice on many issues of policy
and practice and importantly collates information on serious untoward incidents and the lessons
learned from them. We maintain a database of such incidents and share outcomes from them
widely with the National Ambulance Medical Directors Group (NASMeD) and the National

Chairman: Anthony C Marsh QAM SBStJ DSci (Hon) MBA MSc MA FASI
Managing Director: Martin Flaherty OBE

Directors of Operations Group (NDOG). This is to ensure that learning within an individual Trust
which might have national implications is shared across all Trusts allowing action to be taken
where necessary to avoid similar incidents occurring. This is always done when a Coroner
issues a Regulation 28 report.

Turning to your areas of concern we will ensure that the lessons learned and the actions taken
by SWAST are incorporated into our national database of Regulation 28 reports and that both
groups take on board the learning from the incident.

The changes which SWAST have made in the way in which they managed the emergency call
may have been specific to SWAST but we will ensure that those issues and the subsequent
changes are shared nationally to allow other Trusts to review their procedures internally to
satisfy themselves that their internal control room processes are satisfactory.

In terms of the staggering of meal breaks all ambulance services are aware of the need to do
this as much as possible and regularly review their rostering systems to stagger start and finish
times and hence their meal break ‘windows’.

There is a balance to strike which needs to give Trusts the ability to allow emergency crews to
have a meal break which they are legally and morally entitled to in order to protect their health
and well-being whilst at the same time safeguarding emergency cover to ensure appropriate
response times for patients.

In addition, all ambulance trusts have the ability to ask crews to interrupt their meal break to
attend patients who are life threatened and whilst this is a voluntary system it will have been
agreed locally in each case with ambulance staff and their trade unions. In my experience, this
works well and dedicated ambulance staff will invariably interrupt their meal break to respond to
such patients.

The Department of Health and NHS England do not issue specific guidance to ambulance
Trusts on the structure of their rostering systems or their meal break arrangements. These
remain a matter for individual Trusts to negotiate locally. That said, all Trusts are aware of their
responsibilities in this area and regularly review those arrangements to ensure they are robust
and are optimised to meet current demand patterns.

AACE will ensure that the National Directors of Operations Group (NDOG) is made aware of
your concerns associated with this tragic incident and remind them of the need to ensure that
this is done on a regular basis.

| hope you will agree that this addresses the areas of concern that you have raised.

Yours sincerely

D.C. Marsh.

Anthony C Marsh QAM SBStJ DSci (Hon) MBA MSc MA FASIi
Chief Executive, West Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust
Chairman, Association of Ambulance Chief Executives

Chairman: Anthony C Marsh QAM SBStJ DSci (Hon) MBA MSc MA FASI
Managing Director: Martin Flaherty OBE

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