Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2018

Mike Fell

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2018-0100, written 5 Mar 2018. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report5 Mar 2018
Reference2018-0100
DeceasedMike Fell
CoronerSarah Bourke
Coroner areaInner North London
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published2

The report

Text recovered by OCR from a scanned PDF. OCR is imperfect: check anything you rely on against the source PDF. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

Coroner ME Hassell
HM Senior Coroner
Inner North London

REGULATION 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:

Sharon Drake

Director of Clinical Quality and Research
Royal College of Anaesthetists

Churchill House

35 Red Lion Square

London

WC1R 4SG

Simon Harrod

Medical Director

Barts Health NHS Trust
The Royal London Hospital
80 Newark Street

London

E1 2ES

CORONER

lam: Assistant Coroner Sarah Bourke
Inner North London
Poplar Coroner's Court
127 Poplar High Street
London
E14 OAE

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS

| make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice
Act 2009 and Regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations
2013.

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

On 6 November 2017, Coroner Hassell commenced an investigation into the
death of Mike Fell who was born on 24 July 1952. The investigation concluded
at the end of the inquest, which was conducted by me on 5 March 2018.

The conclusion of the inquest was a narrative conclusion. | recorded a medical
cause of death of:

1a Intracerebral haemorrhage

1b Cerebral air embolism

1c Elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair performed on 26 October 2017

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH

Mr Fell had an elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair by way of an open
surgical procedure at the Royal London Hospital on 26 October 2017. He was
slightly acidotic following surgery. He was transferred to the Adult Critical Care
Unit whilst sedated and ventilated with a trauma line in place. The trauma line
had a 3-way tap connected. Within an hour of arriving in the ACCU, the IV fluid
line was removed from the trauma line and the connector was capped with a
white bung. It was noted that there was no clamp on the trauma line. Mr Fell
went into cardiac arrest about 3 hours after surgery. Immediately prior to
cardiac arrest, there was a rapid fall in his end-tidal carbon dioxide levels.
During CPR, it was noted that the 3-way tap on the trauma line was “open to
air” and it was sealed. It is unclear how or when the tap became “open to air”.
Mr Fell’s heart started beating after 20 minutes of resuscitation but he
remained very unstable. It was noted that he had a fixed, dilated right pupil. An
emergency CT scan showed a large intracerebral bleed and air in his brain, liver
and kidneys. Neurosurgeons advised that Mr Fell’s brain injury was
unsurvivable. Mr Fell died at the hospital in the early hours of 27 October 2017.
The evidence before me was that the air embolism was most likely to be the
result of the 3-way tap on the trauma line being “open to air”. The Royal
London Hospital is in the process of revising its procedures regarding the use of
trauma lines outside of operating theatres in light of the issues raised by Mr
Fell’s death. .

CORONER’S CONCERNS

During the course of the inquest, the evidence revealed matters giving rise to
concern. In my opinion, there is a risk that future deaths could occur unless
action is taken. In the circumstances, it is my statutory duty to report to you.

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows. —

(1) Whilst it is a matter of routine care to check that unused taps are
“closed to air”, it is not recorded in Mr Fell’s notes that the taps had

been checked and were closed. It is unclear how or when the 3-way tap
on the trauma line became “open to air”

(2) The trauma lines used at the Royal London Hospital did not come with a
clamp which enabled a line that was not in use to be closed

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN
In my opinion, action should be taken to prevent future deaths and | believe you
have the power to take such action.

YOUR RESPONSE

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this
report, namely by 22 May 2018. I, the coroner, may extend the period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken,
setting out the timetable for action. Otherwise, you must explain why no action
is proposed.

COPIES and PUBLICATION

| have sent a copy of my report to the following:
e HH! Mark Lucraft QC, the Chief Coroner of England and Wales

lam also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or
summary form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he
believes may find it useful or of interest. You may make representations to me,
the coroner, at the time of your response, about the release or the publication
of your response by the Chief Coroner.

LDU
Sarah Bourke

Assistant Coroner

Responses

2 responses published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Barts NHS Trust (PDF)
Date: 22 May 2018 

Private and Confidential  

Sarah Bourke 
Assistant Coroner  

Dear Madam Coroner 

Trust Executive Offices 
Pathology and Pharmacy 
80 Newark Street 
Royal London Hospital  
London E1 2DR 

Contact Telephone: 020 3246 0641 

www.bartshealth.nhs.uk 

www.bartshealth.nhs.uk 

Re: Regulation 28: Report to Prevent Future Deaths – Mike Fell  

I write further to your prevention of future deaths notice arising from the inquest into the death of Mr 
Mike Fell at the Royal London Hospital.  I am grateful to you for bringing the points you raise to my 
attention. 

You raised two concerns about the use of three way taps on intravenous lines placed in central veins: 

1 Whilst it is a matter of routine care to check that unused taps are closed to air, it is not recorded in Mr 
Fells notes that the taps had been checked and were closed. It’s unclear how or when the 3-way tap on 
the trauma line became open to air. 

Although we regard this as routine care we have never recorded this in the notes. It is impossible to 
find out why this particular three way tap was left open; commonly the tap would be open to this port 
during injection of a drug or connection to an infusion. The tap should be closed before either the 
syringe is removed from the port or the infusion is removed. Less commonly the three way tap could be 
‘opened’ to air by accident during movement of the patient. As a result of this incident we have re-
written our policy on the use of central lines and three way taps which states that three way taps should 
not be used on central lines but self-sealing injection ports should be used. These are available and are 
in use across the trust. I enclose our up-to-date policy and a Trust wide safety notice to raise 
awareness of this complication and the new policy. 

2 The Trauma lines used at the Royal London hospital did not come with a clamp which enabled a line 
not in use to be closed 

These lines have been in use in the Trust for many years and the manufacturer of the line do not 
supply them with clamps. Currently the anaesthetic department are looking at other companies but it 
would appear none are made with clamps. We are discussing with our current supplier a change in 
design to allow a clamp to be fitted; they are interested in working with us as they see this as a problem 
nationally which has not been raised before in relation to this complication. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I am once again grateful to you for raising these important concerns relating to patient safety and I hope this 
response provides reassurance. 

Kind regards 

Chief Medical Officer  
Barts Health NHS Trust
Response from Royal College of Anaesthetists (PDF)
22nd May 2018 

Ms. Sarah Bourke, Assistant Coroner for Inner North London 
Regulation 28 Report to Prevent Future Deaths following the inquest into the death of Mr. Mike FELL. 

Dear Ms. Bourke, 

Thank you for giving the Royal College of Anaesthetists (RCoA) the opportunity to respond to your 
Regulation 28 Report highlighting matters of concern regarding types of and practical use of central 
venous catheters and the risk of air embolism. In order to prevent future deaths, the RCoA has 
collaborated with the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland (AAGBI), the Faculty of 
Intensive Care Medicine (FICM) and the Intensive Care Society (ICS) in preparing this response. 

We note the Coroner’s concerns are: 

1 

2 

Though it is a matter of routine care to check that unused taps are “closed to air”, it was not 
recorded in the notes that the taps were checked and were closed. 
The particular central venous line used in this case did not come with a clamp that would 
have enabled the line to be clamped when not in use, so providing a second barrier, to air 
entrainment. 

We are concerned that in practice there are many different types of central venous access line in use 
and that these devices, even if they have a clamp, can be used with different caps, that may or may 
not allow injection through them, including with three-way taps.  

In addition, though there is national guidance on vascular access (Safe Vascular Access 2016, AAGBI) 
there is currently no national guidance on best practice with central venous access covering the use of 
clamps, caps and three-way taps with these catheters in an attempt to minimise the risks of air 
embolism. 

Actions to be taken in response to these concerns: 

• 

• 
• 

• 

We will ensure these issues are brought to the attention of all trainees in anaesthesia and all 
Fellows and Members of the RCoA and AAGBI by publishing information in the Patient Safety 
Update, which is published quarterly by the RCoA on behalf of the Safe Anaesthesia Liaison 
Group (SALG - https://www.rcoa.ac.uk/salg), and is distributed to practising anaesthetists 
throughout the UK. 
When the AAGBI guideline Safe Vascular Access is updated these issues will be included. 
The Joint Standards Committee of the FICM and ICS is currently developing national guidelines on 
the prevention, detection, referral and treatment of air embolism associated with central venous 
access.  
In the meantime, we will inform individual trusts and health boards that they should ensure they 
have appropriate systems in place to prevent harm from air entrainment through such devices. 
We recommend that theatre departments, ICUs, HDUs and other clinical areas caring for patients 
with central venous catheters ensure that they examine local practice in terms of using only 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 catheters with clamps associated with each lumen, what is used to cap each lumen and how 
these catheters are checked and this is recorded.  

I hope that these actions will satisfy you that the named organisations are taking appropriate steps to 
ensure that anaesthetists are aware of these issues and that the circumstances that led to the death of 
this patient are therefore less likely to occur again. 

I would be happy to respond to any questions that you might have. 

Yours Sincerely 

Clinical Quality Adviser, RCoA

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