Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2018

Thomas Jackson

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2018-0352, written 13 Nov 2018. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report13 Nov 2018
Reference2018-0352
DeceasedThomas Jackson
CoronerAndrew Haigh
Coroner areaStaffordshire (South)
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths · Alcohol, drug and medication related deaths · Mental Health related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published2

The report

Text recovered by OCR from a scanned PDF. OCR is imperfect: check anything you rely on against the source PDF. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS
THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:

1. Neil Carr OBE
Chief Executive
Midlands Partnership NHS Foundation Trust (MPFT)
Trust Headquarters
St. George's Hospital
Corporation Street
Stafford
$T16 3SR

CORONER

| am Mr Andrew Haigh Senior Coroner for the Coroner Area of Staffordshire South

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS

| make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act
2009 and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013.

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

On 6" September 2016, | commenced an investigation into the death of Thomas
Paul Arthur JACKSON, aged 24 years. The investigation concluded at the end of
the inquest on 18 November 2018. The conclusion of the inquest was a detailed
narrative one with the Cause of Death being:

la) Clozapine Toxicity

lb) Pneumonia

ll) Treatment Resistant Schizophrenia.

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH

Tom was subject to compulsory Mental Health Detention at a secure unit within St
George’s Hospital, Stafford. In the early hours of 25"" August 2016 Tom was found
in a poorly state in his room. He was certified dead at 02.25 hours.

CORONER’S CONCERNS

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to
concern. in my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is
taken. In the circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you.

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows:

(1) During the hearing it was noted that on a number of occasions record keeping
was poor. This can make continuity of care difficult and it can lead to matters being
missed. | wonder if the Trust can take any action to improve this.

(2) It is apparent that patients do benefit from regular ‘ward rounds’ or ‘multi-
disciplinary team meetings’ (there are a variety of titles) and, apart from the record
of these meetings being very poor at times, there is a concern about the conduct of
these meetings. In particular there appears to be on occasions inadequate
consideration of the history in preparation for the meeting, failure of attendance of all
appropriate personnel at such meetings and concern about the patient being able
properly to participate.

(3) It is clear that Clozapine is a beneficial drug for many patients and that a large
number of patients in the care of the Trust do receive this drug. However it appears
that many staff are not aware of the significance of this medication particularly when
considering potential side-effects and warning signs of deterioration.

(4) | would not wish for patients or their families to be overloaded with paperwork but
| wonder if there could be a simple leaflet available to patients and family members
covering standard information about treatment generally but including matters such
as the dangers of patients smoking whilst they are receiving Clozapine.

(5) | wonder if there needs to be a review of any lone-working policy or procedure
with particular reference as to when to enter patients’ rooms.

(6) It is well known that it is important for lessons to be learnt following serious
incidents. The SIR procedure is a significant part of this. | understand there have
been some changes since the time of Tom’s death but the SIR carried out in this
matter contained a number of significant inaccuracies which can affect the validity of
the process. Additionally although the records for patients who are in hospital for a
long period of time can become voluminous there has also been some difficulty in
disclosure of significant documents during the Inquest process.

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and | believe you and
your organisation have the power to take such action.

YOUR RESPONSE

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this
report, namely by 8" January 2019. |, the coroner, may extend the period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting
out the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed.

COPIES and PUBLICATION
| have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested
ind: Day (solicitors representing Tom's mother and sister),

[Tom's father), Capsticks Solicitors LLP (representing the Midland
Partnership NHS Foundation Trust) and Hogan Lovells International LLP (solicitors
representing Mylan Product Ltd).

| am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it
useful or of interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time
of your response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief
Coroner.

DATE: 13/11/2018

Theda A bree:

Andrew A Haigh

HM Senior Coroner for Staffordshire (South)
Coroner’s Office

No 1 Staffordshire Place

Stafford

ST16 2LP

Tel No: 01785 276127

sscor@staffordshire.gov.uk
Also filed under 2018-0352: 2018-0352.pdf
REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS
THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:

The Rt. Hon. Matt Hancock MP - Secretary of State for Health & Social Care
Department for Health and Social Care

39 Victoria Street

London

SW1H OEU

CORONER

| am Mr Andrew Haigh Senior Coroner for the Coroner Area of Staffordshire South

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS

| make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act
2009 and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013.

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

On 6'" September 2016, | commenced an investigation into the death of Thomas
Paul Arthur JACKSON, aged 24 years. The investigation concluded at the end of
the inquest on 1*' November 2018. The conclusion of the inquest was a detailed
narrative one with the Cause of Death being:

la) Clozapine Toxicity

Ib) Pneumonia

ll) Treatment Resistant Schizophrenia.

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH

Tom was subject to compulsory Mental Health Detention at a secure unit within St
George's Hospital, Stafford. In the early hours of 25" August 2016 Tom was found
in a poorly state in his room. He was certified dead at 02.25 hours.

CORONER'S CONCERNS

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to
concern. In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is
taken. In the circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you.

The MATTER OF CONCERN is as follows:

It is well known that Clozapine is a potentially dangerous drug which needs to be
carefully monitored. Monitoring is for both whole blood to look at infection markers
and for blood plasma to cheek on Clozapine levels. Since this death the Trust
involved has established a policy for the regular checking of blood plasma levels for
patients in receipt of Clozapine. However it appears that this is a local policy and
that there is no national policy for these checks to be carried out. | wonder if there

should be a direction for all trusts to carryout blood plasma tests on patients
receiving Clozapine on a regular basis perhaps at least six monthly or yearly.

—
ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and | believe you and
your organisation have the power to take such action.

YOUR RESPONSE

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this
report, namely by 8'" January 2019. |, the Coroner, may extend the period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting
out the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed.

COPIES and PUBLICATION

| have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested
weecigh Day (solicitors representing Tom’s mother and sister),
iii. father), Capsticks Solicitors LLP (representing the Midland
Partnership NHS Foundation Trust) and Hogan Lovells International LLP (solicitors
representing Myian Product Ltd).

| am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it
useful or of interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time
of your response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief
Coroner.

13/11/2018

ae

Andrew A Haigh

HM Senior Coroner for Staffordshire (South)
Coroner's Office

No 1 Staffordshire Place

Stafford

ST16 2LP

Tel No: 01785 276127
sscor@staffordshire.gov.uk
Also filed under 2018-0352: Kendall-CHADWICK-2018-0352.pdf
REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:
James Bailey Commissioner for Highways and the Built County
Highways Department
Staffordshire County Council
1Staffordshire Place
Stafford ST16 2LP

CORONER

| am Mr Andrew Haigh senior coroner for the coroner area of Staffordshire South

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS

| make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act
2009 and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013.

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

On 30 May 2018 | commenced an investigation into the death of Kendall James
Chadwick aged 45 years. The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on
8 November 2018. The conclusion of the inquest was accidental death with the
medical cause of death being fracture of the base of skull.

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH

Mr Chadwick died at the scene of a road traffic collision on the A518 at Lower
Loxley on 24th May 2018. He had been riding a motorcycle and made an
unsafe overtaking manoeuvre near a bend. He lost control of the bike and
crashed off the road sustaining a fatal head injury.

CORONER’S CONCERNS

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to
concern. In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is
taken. In the circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you.

The MATTER OF CONCERN is as follows. —The location is the bend close to
the Leese Hill. | am aware of at least one other fatality at the site. There is a
sign for the bend, a slow sign in the road for the bend and chevrons and
marker posts at the bend. The police have not expressed any particular
concerns about the safety of the bend. | should however be grateful if you
could have look at the bend to see if any additional steps would be advisable
-such as an illuminated sign or rumble strips. At the time of the collision the
chevron boards were in a dirty condition and there may be issues about
maintenance here as well.

6 | ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and | believe you
have the power to take such action.

7 | YOUR RESPONSE

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of
this report, namely by 10.1.2018. |, the coroner, may extend the period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting
out the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed.

8 | COPIES and PUBLICATION

| have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to Mr Chadwick’s family. |
have also sent it to Staffordshire Police who may find it useful or of interest.

| am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it
useful or of interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time
of your response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief
Coroner.

9 15" November 2018

Andrew A Haigh

HM Senior Coroner for Staffordshire (South)
Coroner's Office

No 1 Staffordshire Place

Stafford

ST16 2LP

Tel No: 01785 276127
sscor@staffordshire.gov.uk

Responses

2 responses published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Staffordshire County Council (PDF)
Staffordshire

County Council

Mr Andrew A Haigh

HM Senior Coroner for Staffordshire South
Coroner’s Office

No 1 Staffordshire Place

Stafford

ST16 2LP

Communities and Road Safety
Staffordshire County Council

2 Staffordshire Place

Tipping Street

Stafford

ST16 2DH

Telephone: 01785 278160

18th December 2018
Our ref: MA/RR/A518LLoxley
Your ref: AAH/EAS 1042/16 |€

Dear Mr Haigh,
Re: Kendall James CHADWICK (Deceased)

| refer to your Regulation 28 Report regarding the Inquest into the death of Kendall James
Chadwick and your comments concerning the bend close to Leese Hill on the A518 at Lower
Loxley. This letter is in response to your matters of concern recorded in section 5 of your
report.

Following receipt of your letter, a thorough investigation has taken place at the location in
question. These investigations incorporated a site visit and included assessment of the current
road layout and the existing signage and road marking arrangement. A similar investigation
was undertaken following a fatal road traffic collision that you refer to in your report that took
place on the 9" February 2011. Following that investigation, anti-skid surfacing was installed in
August 2012. The 2018 SCRIM deficiency survey to determine skid resistance, has highlighted
that this section of the A518 where the anti-skid surfacing was installed, is performing
positively and is above the investigatory level. In addition to the measures that you document
such as the enhanced signage and the use of marker posts, on both approaches to the bend
there is a Vehicle Activated Sign to warn motorists of the bend ahead.

Examining the accident history for this location, apart from the collision involving Mr Chadwick
in May this year, Staffordshire County Council has not been made aware of any personal injury
collisions on this section of carriageway since 2014.

xy ss
7 NS

A ese”

Staffordshire
County Council

The conclusions of the investigation identified two general maintenance tasks to be
undertaken. These tasks include the replacement of the damaged chevron signs and
reinstalling the missing marker posts. These works will be completed at the earliest
opportunity.

| hope the information provided within this letter is useful. Please let me know if you require
anything further.

Yours sincerely,
/)
(C (ow

Road Safety Manager

BSN

WF
Response from Dhsc (PDF)
From the Baroness Blackwood 
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Innovation 

39 Victoria Street 
London 
SW1H 0EU 

020 7210 4850 

15 March 2019 

Your Ref: AAH/CLW 564-16 
Our Ref: PFD-1156914 

Mr Andrew Haigh 
HM Senior Coroner, Staffordshire (South) 
Coroner's Office 
1 Staffordshire Place 
Stafford  
ST16 2LP 

Dear Mr Haigh,  

Thank you for your correspondence of 13 November to Matt Hancock about the 
death of Mr Thomas Jackson.  I am replying as Minister with portfolio responsibility 
for medicines and I am grateful for the additional time in which to do so.  

Firstly, I would like to say how sorry I was to read of the circumstances of Mr 
Jackson’s death.  I appreciate his loss, at such a young age, must be extremely 
distressing for his family and loved ones and I offer my sincerest condolences.  

It is essential that we look to make improvements where we can to ensure the safety 
of healthcare and prevent future deaths and I am grateful to you for bringing these 
matters to my attention.  

My officials have made enquiries with a number of bodies on the matter of concern in 
your report that there should be routine therapeutic blood monitoring (testing of 
blood plasma levels) in patients who are prescribed clozapine.  

I am advised that there is no national guidance that requires NHS trusts to undertake 
routine (six monthly or annual) monitoring of clozapine plasma levels.  There is 
NICE guidance, ‘Psychosis and schizophrenia in adults: prevention and 
management’ (CG178)1, which supports the routine monitoring of the physical health 
of people prescribed antipsychotic medication (including clozapine).  

1 https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg178 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                            
 
 I am informed that clinical guideline CG178 is to undergo a surveillance review to 
check whether it needs to be updated and given the concerns you raise, the issue of 
monitoring blood plasma levels in people taking clozapine (or other antipsychotics) 
has been logged for the consideration of the guideline surveillance team undertaking 
the review process. 

As you may be aware, the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency 
(MHRA), is responsible for the safety of medicines and medical devices.  The 
MHRA seeks independent advice from the Commission on Human Medicines 
(CHM) which advises on whether the overall balance of benefits and risks of 
medicines is favourable at the time of licensing and remains so thereafter.  

One of the ways in which the MHRA monitors the safety of licensed medications is 
through the Yellow Card scheme which receives information from both healthcare 
professionals and patients on side effects suspected to be associated with medicines.  
The concerns you have raised have been added to the MHRA’s adverse drug reaction 
database under Yellow Card reference number ADR 24386668-001.  

Detailed guidance on the monitoring requirements for clozapine is provided in the 
authorised product information which consists of the Summary of Product 
Characteristics (SmPC) for prescribers and the Patient Information Leaflet which is 
supplied with each pack of medicine.  The SmPC and PIL for clozapine can be found 
at mhra.gov.uk/spc-pil.  

Currently, patient monitoring requirements for clozapine include the measurement of 
clinical parameters such as regular full blood counts; blood pressure; 
electrocardiograms; hepatic enzymes; blood sugar; lipids and weight.  Therapeutic 
drug monitoring of blood plasma levels is not currently required under the terms of 
the clozapine marketing authorisation.  

Individual NHS trusts might monitor clozapine drug levels based on clinical signs 
and symptoms to check compliance with treatment or as part of investigations into 
suspected toxicity but they are not required to routinely monitor therapeutic drug 
levels. 

In light of the concerns you have raised, the MHRA has undertaken further 
investigation of the utility of drug monitoring in supporting safe use of clozapine and 
in doing so, has sought advice from the Pharmacovigilance Expert Advisory Group, 
which advises the Commission on Human Medicines.  I am advised that further 
analysis of the available data is underway and further expert advice is being sought.  
The MHRA is happy to keep you informed on the progress of its assessment and I 
have asked that they do so with you directly.   

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Finally, I am informed that the national Medicine Safety Programme (MSP) is also 
aware of the issues concerning clozapine toxicity.  The MSP is due to announce its 
initial priority areas in April 2019, and is currently in discussions as to whether to 
prioritise clozapine toxicity as a core component of the programme’s initial work to 
improve the safety of medication use across England.  

I hope this reply is helpful.  

NICOLA BLACKWOOD

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