Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2019

Ann Corfield

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2019-0107, written 29 Mar 2019. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report29 Mar 2019
Reference2019-0107
DeceasedAnn Corfield
CoronerAnthony Mazzag
Coroner areaManchester City
CategoryMental Health related deaths · Hospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Organisation namedPennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust · Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses publishednone published

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28:  REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS. 

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

  Sir David Dalton, Chief Executive 

The Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust 
Trust Headquarters 
North Manchester General Hospital 
Delaunays Road 
Crumpsall, Manchester 
M8 5RB 

  Neil Thwaite, Chief Executive 

Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust 
Trust Headquarters 
Bury New Road 
Prestwich, Manchester 
M25 3BL 

1  CORONER 

I am Anthony Mazzag H.M. Assistant Coroner for the area of Manchester City. 

2  CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice 
Act 2009 and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 
2013. 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On 18th July 2016, an investigation was commenced into the death of Ann 
Corfield who died at the North Manchester General Hospital on 3rd July 2017. 
She was 71 years of age. 

The Inquest, sitting with a Jury concluded on 7th February 2019. 

The Jury found the following as the medical cause of death:- 

1.  (a) Massive pulmonary thromboembolism; due to 
(b) Deep Vein Thrombosis in the Leg; due to 
(c) Dehydration, secondary to depression with catatonia. 

The conclusion of the Jury was:- 
Narrative: The deceased died as a result of not being given regular doses of 
enoxaparin and the failure to assess capacity contributed to by neglect.   

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4  CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

Mrs Corfield was 71 years of age when she died. She lived with her partner, 

. She had two children from her previous marriage; a daughter 

 and a son, 

. On 29th May 2016, Mrs Corfield 

was admitted to the Royal Oldham Hospital (ROH). She had a urinary tract 
infection and 
 was also concerned about a marked change in her 
behaviour. She had withdrawn socially over the preceding months and was 
depressed in mood. When she attended hospital, it was discovered that she 
had very low sodium levels. She was treated for this and made slow but good 
progress. By about 13th June, her sodium level had been corrected. 

Despite the improvement in her sodium levels, her mental health deteriorated 
significantly. She was eating very little, if anything, and oral fluid intake was 
very low. 

On admission to ROH, Mrs Corfield was assessed at high risk of developing a 
thromboembolism and was prescribed an anticoagulant drug, Enoxaparin. 
However, she refused Enoxaparin on a large number of occasions during her 
time at ROH. 

On 28th June 2016, Mrs Corfield was detained in hospital under section 2 of 
the Mental Health Act 1984 as a result of her deteriorating mental health. She 
was transferred to a mental health unit called Park House run by Manchester 
Mental Health Trust for possible treatment of her psychiatric condition. At Park 
House, Mrs Corfield was diagnosed with a severe psychotic depression. 
Essential treatment in the form of electro-convulsive therapy (ECT) was 
planned by
continued to take very little oral fluids and she became dehydrated. Her 
condition deteriorated to such an extent that it was no longer safe to administer 
ECT. Intravenous fluids could not be administered at Park House due to the 
fact there were no suitably qualified nurses. Further, Mrs Corfield did not 
receive prophylactic anticoagulation in Park House. Although a prescription for 
Clexane was drawn up on 30th June, it was never administered. 

, Consultant Psychiatrist. Unfortunately, Mrs Corfield 

Due to her physical deterioration, Mrs Corfield was transferred to North 
Manchester General Hospital (NMGH) on 30th June, where, after spending 
several hours waiting in the Accident and Emergency Department to be seen 
by a doctor, she underwent intravenous fluid resuscitation. She then stabilised 
very quickly from a physiological point of view. However, late on 6th July, she 
suffered a cardiac arrest and died in the early hours of 7th July. 

5  CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the Inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to 
concern. In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is 
taken. In the circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows: 

Re: Pennine Acute NHS Trust 

1.  I heard evidence at the Inquest staff at Park House were not aware that 
Mrs Corfield was receiving an anticoagulant in the form of enoxaparin 
whilst she was a patient at Royal Oldham Hospital to reduce the risk of her 
developing a VTE or that she had refused this medication whilst a patient 
ROH. I received written evidence from 
 that the Pennine Acute 
Trust has in place an Adult Transfer Policy and a Form should be 
generated which includes details with regards the patient’s medication and 
most recent observations. However, the evidence I heard from 
Consultant Psychiatrist at Park House, was that his unit still does not 
receive a written handover.  

, 

2.  Dehydration clearly played a part in Mrs Corfield’s death. I heard evidence 
at Inquest that Fluid Balance Charts were poorly completed indeed some 
of them were not completed at all or contained errors with simple 
arithmetic. At the Inquest, I heard conflicting evidence about the 
usefulness of fluid balance charts. Witnesses who were employed by 
Pennine Acute Trust tended to place more reliance on the results of blood 
tests. However, 
charts in a patient like Mrs Corfield who had a history of chronic kidney 
disease because blood tests were an ‘insensitive measure’ of hydration. I 
received helpful written evidence from 
Director of Nursing for Medicine at Royal Oldham Hospital, dated 31st 
January 2019, which, at paragraph 17, shows there are still ongoing 
problems with the way fluid balance charts are completed some two and a 
half years after Mrs Corfield’s death. 

 emphasised to me the importance of FBC 

 who is the Divisional 

Re: Manchester Mental Health Trust 

1.  I heard evidence that although Mrs Corfield was at high risk of developing 
a VTE, following her admission to Park House on 28th June, prophylactic 
anticoagulation was not prescribed for her until 30th June when a 
prescription for clexane (enoxaparin) was issued. Further, although 
clexane was prescribed, it was never administered to Mrs Corfield. 

2.  Further, I also heard evidence that the staff at Park House were not 

trained to administer intravenous fluids. This meant that Mrs Corfield had 
to be transferred to a North Manchester Hospital for intravenous fluids 
when she was in urgent need of specialist psychiatric care and treatment. 
 was left extremely frustrated that he was 
I formed the view that 
unable to treat Mrs Corfield with intravenous fluids whilst she was a 
patient at Park House.  

3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6  ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you 
and your organisation have the power to take such action.  

7  YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this 
report, namely by Tuesday 28th May 2019. I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, 
setting out the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is 
proposed. 

8  COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following 
Interested Persons:- 

 
 
 
  Secretary of State for Department of Health and Social Care 

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.  

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or 
summary form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes 
may find it useful or of interest. You may make representations to me, the 
coroner, at the time of your response, about the release or the publication of your 
response by the Chief Coroner. 

9  Signed: 

Date: 

Mr Anthony Mazzag 
Assistant Coroner 
Manchester City Area 

      29th March 2019 

4

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