Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2019

Zona Tebbs

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2019-0248, written 19 Jul 2019. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report19 Jul 2019
Reference2019-0248
DeceasedZona Tebbs
CoronerNicola Mundy
Coroner areaSouth Yorkshire (East)
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses publishednone published

The report

Text recovered by OCR from a scanned PDF. OCR is imperfect: check anything you rely on against the source PDF. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

Ms N J Mundy
Senior Coroner for South Yorkshire (East District)

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: Public Health England Yorkshire and the Humber
Region EG Centre Director, Blenheim House, West One, Duncombe
Street, Leeds, LS1 4PL

CORONER

lam Ms N J Mundy, Senior Coroner for South Yorkshire (East District)

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS

| make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 and
regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013.

http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpqa/2009/25/schedule/5/paragraph/7
http:/Awww.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2013/1629/part/7/made

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

On 12" November 2018 | commenced an investigation into the death of Zona Ethel Tebbs, 88.
The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on 19 July 2019. The conclusion of the
inquest was Narrative conclusion.

“On 23 September 2018 Zona Ethel Tebbs sustained a garden injury for which she sought
medical advice the following day. Failure to provide immunoglobulin on 24" September
exposed her to a greater risk of developing tetanus and thus exposed her to a greater risk of
death. As it was Mrs Tebbs was admitted to hospital with tetanus on 2 October 2018. Her
clinical course was complicated by acute on chronic myelopathy. She passed away in hospital
on 5" November 2018 from a combination of both these conditions”

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH

Mrs Tebbs was a fit and active 88 year old lady in good health. On the 23 September 2018 she
Sustained a minor injury to her shin from a garden pick. The following day she attended her
general practitioner where the wound was dressed and she was given the tetanus vaccination.
On the 2" October she was sufficiently unwell that an ambulance was called and she was taken
to Doncaster Royal Infirmary. She was displaying early signs of tetanus but it was not diagnosed
at the time and she was discharged. She returned to hospital by ambulance on the 3 October
where tetanus was raised but felt to be unlikely on the basis that this was a very rare condition
and other differential diagnoses were being explored. It is clear however that the clinical signs
were consistent with tetanus. One of the witnesses from the hospital told me that he was
reassured by the fact that Mrs Tebbs had been given the tetanus vaccination by her GP. On the
4" October her symptoms had worsened, tetanus was diagnosed and treatment commenced.
Following the diagnosis there was consultation with the Infectious Diseases Unit at the Sheffield
Trust and further research undertaken into the condition. As a result of these various enquiries it
was established that Mrs Tebbs needed immunoglobulin which was administered to her the
same day.

During the course of the admission the spasms improved but she was suffering from muscle
stamina and following an MRI a diagnosis of likely acute on chronic myelopathy with recovery
considered extremely unlikely. Mrs Tebbs passed away on the 5"" November 2018.

Her cause of death was 1a. Generalised tetanus and acute on chronic myelopathy.

Coroner's Court and Office, Doncaster Crown Court, College Road, Doncaster, DN1 3HS
Tel 01302 737135 | Fax 01302 736365

Theard evidence from a number of hospital doctors involved in treating Mrs Tebb’s condition and
also from the general practitioner from the surgery concerned.

The evidence included details of the way in which critical information is communicated by Public
Health England to Primary Care practitioners and a lack of clarity and direction for those involved
in Primary Care Delivery as to key changes. Concerns were raised regarding inadequate and
ineffective communication of such matters; specifically with regard to the current case, | was
provided with evidence (supported by documentation | detail below) that there had been
significant changes to the definition of a tetanus prone wound and also changes to management
of the same.

Specifically, | was referred to an email from Public Health England of July 2018 entitled “Vaccine
Update” which highlights that month's additional features which included “tetanus specific
immunoglobulin (TIG) supply shortage”. There was nothing in that email to alert practitioners to
the fact that the definition of tetanus prone wounds had changed nor the management had
changed which must be critical features which ought to have been highlighted. | was told by ||
HM that in order to extract that information she had to click on the link in the email, then click
on a further link which took her to the document and then she had to read through a significant
amount of the document to find the part that dealt with matters | have referred to above. She
said a further issue was that most (if not all) primary healthcare practitioners refer to the Green
Book guidance which had not been updated in line with the July 2018 email.

The final part of this evidence was that further guidance was circulated in November 2018 and
that the Green Book was updated at this time.

As | was told that Primary Care practitioners receive significant number of email communications
at any given time, it would seem essential to bullet point the key aspects of any such circulations
thus pointing the practitioners in the right direction and enabling them to research further the
matters being raised. | find it concerning that there was no bullet point of the change in definition
of a tetanus prone wound or there had been a change to its management and it certainly caused
difficulties for those treating Mrs Tebbs.

The need for tetanus vaccination was identified by the GP practice but given the circumstances
set out above it was not appreciated that Mrs Tebbs also needed the immunoglobulin and this
omission may well have played a part in her demise. As | have recorded in my conclusion the
failure to give her immunoglobulin in line with the updated guidance exposed her to an increased
tisk of developing tetanus.

The final point of evidence was that GPs within the Doncaster borough have expressed
frustrations at poor communication from Public Health England and that the instance | have
described above in terms of that level of communication and extends more widely from this
single issue.

| consider that the failure to appropriately identify and effectively communicate key changes
which effect medical practices and patients will continue to put patients at risk thus | considered
a Prevention of Future Death Report was indicated.

CORONER’S CONCERNS

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In my
opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the circumstances it
is my statutory duty to report to you.

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows. —
(1) Failure to effectively communicate key changes in clinical practice and advice e.g. an

amended definition of a tetanus prone wound in the Public Health England email of July 2018
entitled Vaccine Update (attached).

Coroner's Court and Office, Doncaster Crown Court, College Road, Doncaster, DN1 3HS
Tel 01302 737135 | Fax 01302 736365

(2) Requiring Primary Care practitioners to click through a number of links and documents to try
and unearth key pieces of information carries with it the risk that that information will be
overlooked if key issues have not being identified in the covering email.

(3) A failure generally to identify key issues in any updated in medical practice and communicate
those effectively to those healthcare professionals involved in delivering such care.

(4) Failure to update Green Book Guidance.

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and | believe you have the power
to take such action.

YOUR RESPONSE

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, namely by
Friday 13 September 2019. |, the coroner, may extend the period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out the
timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed.

COPIES and PUBLICATION

| have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested Persons:
The Department of Health, , St John's Group Practice, Medical
Protection/CMS, DAC Bea’ :

lam also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary form. He
may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful or of interest.
You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response, about the
release or the puplication of your response by the Chief Coroner.

Dated 19 July

Signature.
Senior Coron

South Yorkshire (East District)

Coroner's Court and Office, Doncaster Crown Court, College Road, Doncaster, DN1 3HS
Tel 01302 737135 | Fax 01302 736365

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