Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2019

Callie Lewis

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2019-0414, written 3 Dec 2019. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report3 Dec 2019
Reference2019-0414
DeceasedCallie Lewis
CoronerPatricia Harding
Coroner areaCentral and South East Kent
CategorySuicide (from 2015) · Mental Health related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28:  REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS  

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

1.  Rt Hon Nicky Morgan Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and 

Sport 
enquiries@culture.gov.uk 

1 

CORONER 

I am Patricia Harding, senior coroner, for the coroner area of Central and South East 
Kent 

2 

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 
and Regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 
[HYPERLINKS] 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On  28th  November  2018  I  commenced  an  investigation  into  the  death  of  Callie  Alix 
Lewis age 24. The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on 29th November 
2019.  The  conclusion  of  the  inquest  was  Suicide  by  carbon  monoxide  poisoning 
contributed to by neglect 

4 

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

Callie  Lewis  had  high  functioning  Aspergers  and  depression.  She  had  chronic  suicidal 
ideation  and  had  previously  researched  methods  by  which  she  could  die  but  in  the 
month leading up to her death had been actively planning to end her life. Following three 
failed attempts to hang herself she changed the method by which she intended to take 
her life to carbon monoxide poisoning which she believed to be a painless and therefore 
more  likely  to  succeed.  Police  attended  the  address  where  she  was  staying  when 
concerns were raised by her family who  had learned  from  a third party of some  of the 
detail  of  Callie’s  plans.  The  police  called  the  Mental  Health  team  and  Callie  spoke  to 
them,  agreeing  to  attend  the  Crisis  team  the  following  day.  She  was  assessed  and 
referred to the Community Mental Health team, the level of risk having been assessed 
as low. Within hours of the assessment Callie was detained under the Mental Health Act 
by the police who had again been notified of concerns, Callie being found in possession 
of some of the items from a ‘suicide kit’ which she eventually used to kill herself. Callie 
was  taken  to  a  Mental  Health  Hospital  where  she  was  again  assessed,  the  outcome 
being that she  did not require detention but a referral to the Community Mental Health 
Team  for  an  assessment  to  take  place  the  following  day.  The  Community  team 
telephoned  Callie  when  they  received  the  referral  but  did  not  take  any  further  action 
when they were not able to contact her. Callie was reported to the police by the Mental 
Health  Team  12  days  after  the  referral  by  which  time  she  had  already  travelled  to  a 
remote  location  and  killed  herself  using  a  variation  of  the  suicide  kit  that  she  had 
originally been detained with which had been adapted as a result of a failed attempt and 
following advice  gained from a suicide forum.  A jury found a number  of failures  by the 
Mental Health Team to keep Callie safe which amounted to neglect   

5 

CORONER’S CONCERNS 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In 
my opinion there is a risk that future deaths could occur unless action is taken. In the 
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows.  –  

  (the  forum  now 
(1)  Callie  was  using  an  online  suicide  forum, 
appears under the internet address 
.Through the forum she was 
able to engage in discussions with other pro-suicide members and obtain advice how to 
mislead  mental  health  professionals  to  avoid  being  sectioned  under  the  Mental  Health 
Act and also how to perfect the methods of taking her life that she had been considering. 
She was enabled by the advice provided through the forum to frustrate a mental health 
assessment and thereafter take her life 

6 

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you have the 
power to take such action.  

7 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, 
namely by 29th January 2020. I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out 
the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8 

COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested 
Persons 
Partnership Trust and the Chief Constable of Kent Police. I have also sent it to 
Samaritans who may find it useful or of interest. 

, Kent and Medway NHS and Social Care 

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.  

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary 
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful 
or of interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your 
response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9 

[DATE] 3rd December 2019     [SIGNED BY CORONER]

2

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Dcms (PDF)
Rt Hon  Baroness Morgan of Cotes 
Secretary of State for Digital,  Culture, 
Media and Sport 
4th  Floor 
100 Parliament Street 
London SW1 A 2BQ

·  www  ov.uk/dcms 

I~  January 2020 

Our Ref: 
MC2019/12437/DB 

Department for 
Digital,  Culture, 
Media & Sport 

Patricia Harding 
Senior Coroner 
H. M.  Coroner for Central and  South  East Kent 
Kentandmedwa  admin  kent.  ov.uk 

b L .,.. 

tv-. \  41i ,,....A ·1 

·

Thank you for your correspondence of 3 December,  enclosing your report on the death of 
Callie Lewis.  I would like to extend  my sympathies to Callie Lewis's family and friends . Please 
accept my apologies for the delay in  replying  to you. 

I share your concern that young  people are at risk of being exposed to harmful content online. 
These experiences can  have a serious psychological and emotional impact,  and  in tragic 
circumstances can result in people taking their own  lives.  I am  clear that more needs to be 
done to protect vulnerable users online and tackle content and  behaviour across a 
comprehensive set of online harms,  including content which encourages suicide and self-harm . 

The Online Harms White Paper, published in April 2019 , set out the government's plans for 
world-leading  legislation to make.the UK the safest place in the world to be online.  This will 
make companies more responsible for their users' safety online,  especially children and  other 
vulnerable groups.  While some companies have taken  steps to address harmful content on 
their platforms,  including to reduce the risk posed by suicide and self-harm related  content, 
these voluntary measures have not delivered the necessary improvements.  Under our 
proposed approach,  a new duty of care will make companies take more responsibility for the 
safety of their users,  and tackle harm caused by content or activity on their services. 
Compliance with this duty of care will  be overseen by an  independent regulator.  The regulator 
will set clear safety standards, backed·up by mandatory reporting  requirements and sufficient 
powers to take effective action against companies that breach regulatory requirements, 
including the power to levy substantial fines. 

The regulator may also undertake thematic teviews of areas of concern,  for example,  a review 
into the treatment of self-harm or suicide-related content.  The regulator will  have the power to 
require companies to share research that they hold  or have commissioned that shows that their 
activities may cause harm. 

All companies in scope of the regulatory framework will  need to be able to show that they are 
fulfilling their duty of care.  This will  include a requirement for companies to take robust action to 
address harmful suicide and self-harm related  content that provides graphic details of suicide 
methods and  self-harming,  including encouragement of self-harm and suicide.  Services would 
be expected to take reasonable steps to identify and remove content which is illegal or violates 
terms of use,  and act swiftly and  proportionately when this content is reported to them by users. 

 Some of the areas the regulator could  include in  a code of practice include setting out the steps 
a company might take to ensure that users who have been exposed to this content are able to 
access adequate support;  ensuring that companies work with  experts in  suicide prevention so 
that their policies and  practices protect the most vulnerable;  and  processes to stop algorithms 
promoting  self-harm or suicide content to users.  It will  be for the new regulator to  produce 
codes of practice when  it becomes operational. 

The government expects companies to take action  now to tackle harmful content or activity on 
their services.  Indeed, there are already some existing  arrangements between  individual 
companies and  charities to improve the identification and  removal of this content when  it is 
reported,  and services that signpost help and supportive content to their users. As Secretary of 
State I do not,  however,  have the power to prevent the operation of harmful websites. 

I can  assure you that protecting young  people's mental health is a priority across government 
and  a core part of the NHS Long Term  Plan.  The NHS has set a goal of an  extra 345,000 
children and young  people (aged 0-25)  receiving  support via  NHS-funded mental health 
services by 2023/24. 

The Department for Health and  Social Care and  Department for Education's Children and 
Young People's Mental Health Green Paper,  published on 4 December 2017,  and the 
government's consultation response published July 2018,  considers the impact of social media 
on  young  people's mental  health. As highlighted in the green paper, we  have convened a 
working group of social media and digital sector companies to explore what more they can do 
to help us keep children safe online. 

The Secretary of State for Health and  Social Care and the Minister for Mental  Health, 
Inequalities and  Suicide Prevention held three summits with social media providers last year 
about suicide and self-harm content on their platforms.  Following these meetings,  social media 
companies have committed to increasing their efforts to protect users by establishing  and 
funding  a strategic partnership with suicide and self-harm prevention experts to tackle this 
content,  support vulnerable users of their platforms and  improve research  and  understanding in 
thi~  area.  In  addition to this support, the Department for Health and  Social Care have allocated 
£100,000 of seed funding to the strategic partnership. 

The Cross-Government Suicide Prevention  Strategy and  Cross-Government Suicide 
Prevention Workplan published on  22 January 2019,  also includes commitments to address 
suicide and self-harm related  content online through the Online Harms White Paper. 

Being online can  be a beneficial experience for young  people and users should  be able to talk 
about sensitive topics such as suicide and  self-harm.  We know that people who are feeling 
suicidal may use social media and other online forums to reach out for help and  support.  But 
more needs to be done to protect users who are vulnerable,  and tackle content and  behaviour 
which encourages suicide and self-harm. 

Our challenge as a society is to help shape an  internet that is open and  vibrant,  and  also 
protects its  users from  harm. We want to make the  UK the safest place  in the world to be 
online,  leading international efforts by setting a coherent,  proportionate and effective approach 
that reflects our commitment to a free,  open  and  secure internet. 

"'"¥'\.~  ~'.A.,~ 

~11,..}v'~ 

Rt  Hon  Baroness Morgan of Cotes 
Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport

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