Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2021

Monica McCormick

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2021-0028, written 3 Feb 2021. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report3 Feb 2021
Reference2021-0028
DeceasedMonica McCormick
CoronerMatthew Cox
Coroner areaManchester North
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published2

The report

Text recovered by OCR from a scanned PDF. OCR is imperfect: check anything you rely on against the source PDF. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS (1)

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS
THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:
1. Chief Executive, The Northern Care Alliance NHS Trust

CORONER

lam Mr. Matthew Cox, Assistant Coroner for the Coroner area of Manchester North

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS

| make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroner’s and Justice Act 2009 and Regulations 28
and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

On 27 January 2021 I concluded the Inquest into the death of Mrs. Monica McCormick who died on 24 May
2020 at her home address. | reached the following conclusion in respect of Mrs. McCormick's death :

Natural Causes to which neglect contributed

CIRCUMSTANCES OF DEATH

The deceased who was then aged 79 years but had no known significant previous medical history developed
stomach pain at the beginning of October 2019 leading to a CT scan at Fairfield General Hospital on 6
October 2019 which revealed a colonic perforation with a differential diagnoses between focal diverticulitis
and perforated proximal neoplasm.

She was transferred to North Manchester General Hospital where she underwent an emergency laparotomy,
sigmoid colectomy and end colostomy on 8 October 2019. The report on the pathology specimen taken at
the time of the operation was dated 15 October 2019. This showed moderately differentiated
adenocarcinoma with extramural, vascular lymphatic and peri-neural invasion. The pathology report was not
communicated to the deceased although she remained an inpatient at North Manchester General Hospital
until 16 October 2019. The diagnosis was not reported to her general practitioner at the time she was
discharged. Scheduled outpatient appointments on 11 December 2019, 6 January 2020, 17 February 2020
and 9 March 2020 were all cancelled by the hospital.

On 6 April 2020, a Colorectal Consultant at North Manchester General Hospital noted the results of the
pathology specimen removed in October 2019 and it was only then that the deceased and her general
practitioner were informed of the diagnosis. A subsequent CT scan identified that the cancer had spread into
the liver and abdominal cavity. The deceased’s condition deteriorated and she died at her home address on
24 May 2020.

Had appropriate consideration been given to the pathology report in October 2019 the deceased would have
been referred for adjuvant chemotherapy at a time when she was still feeling well and such treatment would
on the balance of probabilities have prolonged her life.

CORONER’S CONCERNS

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In my opinion there is
a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the circumstances it is my statutory duty to report
to you.

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows:-

Evidence was heard that the pathology sample was not followed up because despite labelling the specimen
to include the word malignancy the operating clinicians did not complete an online “suspected cancer
upgrade form” at the time of surgery.

However there were also many opportunities to identify and rectify the initial error which were also missed:

1. Appropriate consideration was not given to the deceased’s medical records at the time of her
discharge from hospital.

2. The pathology report was not communicated to her general practitioner at the time she was
discharged from hospital.

3. Appropriate consideration was not given to her records at the time that each outpatient appointment
was cancelled

As a consequence of the initial error and the missed opportunities the deceased was not referred for
adjuvant chemotherapy until shortly before her death. Evidence was heard that an earlier referral would have
prolonged her life.

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and | believe each of you respectively
have the power to take such action.

YOUR RESPONSE

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, namely 31 March 2021
. |, the Coroner, may extend the period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out the timetable for action.
Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed.

COPIES and PUBLICATION

| have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested Persons namely:-

The legal representatives for Mrs. McCormick’s family.

The Care Quality Commission

1 am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary from. He may send a copy
of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful or of interest. You may make representations

to me the coroner at the time of your response, about the release or the publication of your response by the
Chief Coroner.

Date: 3 February 2021 Signed: wt: “x

Responses

2 responses published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Northern Care Alliance NHS Trust (PDF)
If calling please ask for: Jonathan Moise  

Direct line / Ext: 0161  
Email: jonathan.moise@pat.nhs.uk 

Reference: HMC4207 

26 March 2021 

Dear Mr Cox, 

Medical Director’s Office  
The Royal Oldham Hospital 
Rochdale Road 
Oldham 
OL1 2JH 

I write to you following the inquest of Mrs Monica McCormick which concluded on 27 January 2021. 
Following  the  inquest  the  Northern  Care  Alliance  was  issued  with  a  Prevention  of  Future  Death 
notification with a requirement to respond by 31 March 2021 including details of actions proposed or 
taken. At the outset please accept my sincere condolences to the family of Mrs McCormick. 

Thank  you  for  bringing  your  concerns  to  our  attention.  The  Trust  is  dedicated  to  ensuring  that 
patient safety is maintained throughout all services. I would like to take this opportunity to provide 
assurance  to  both  you  and  the  family  that  the  Trust  takes  the  concerns  raised  very  seriously  and 
have conducted a thorough review of this case, both before and after the inquest. 

Response to the matters of concern has been led by the Divisional Clinical Director - Surgery, Dr 
Nick Tierney and can be found below.  

Matters of Concern: 

1.  Appropriate  consideration  was  not  given  to  the  deceased’s  medical  records  at  the 

time of her discharge from hospital.  

Our investigation confirms that the pathology results confirming the positive cancer diagnosis 
were  recorded  on  the  pathology  database  on  15  October  2019,  one  day  before  discharge 
from hospital. 

Dr  Nick  Tierney  has  discussed  this  case  with  Mr  Zahirul  Huq,  Clinical  Director  of  General 
and Colorectal Surgery, who has confirmed that it is unusual for a histopathology diagnosis 
to be available at the time of discharge and that therefore this will have been the expectation 
of the team caring for the patient. 

We  apologise  that  the  team  did  not  check  whether  there  had  been  a  histopathology 
diagnosis  at  the  time  of  discharge.  We  will  share  this  PFD  response  at  the  Divisional  of 
Surgery  Governance  Meeting  and  discuss  with  team  members  the  importance  of  checking 
medical  records  in  full  when  completing  the  Handover  of  Care  Communication.  It  is 
important to highlight that these documents are completed throughout the patient admission 
to  ensure  a timely  discharge  once  the  patient  is considered  medically fit or  optimised.    We 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                                                             
 
 would also  like to  give  assurance  that the  actions  agreed  in this  letter  described under the 
second matter of concern will ensure that any diagnosis of cancer will be communicated to 
the patient in a timely manner and have appropriate oversight by the cancer services team. 

2.  The  pathology  report  was  not  communicated  to  her  general  practitioner  at  the  time 

she was discharged from hospital.  

Dr  Tierney  has  reviewed  the  case  and  confirms  that  the  pathology  report  was  not 
communicated  to  Mrs  McCormick’s  general  practitioner  (GP)  at  the  time  of  discharge  from 
hospital.  However  disclosure  to  GP  at  this  time  would  not  be  standard  practice.  Any  letter 
sent to the GP is also copied to the patient; this therefore would create the risk of a patient 
being made aware of a cancer diagnosis without appropriate support in place on receipt of 
the information.  

It is best practice that when a cancer diagnosis is shared that this is undertaken in an out-
patient  environment  to the  patient  and  next-of-kin,  by the responsible consultant  supported 
by  a  cancer  nurse  specialist.  The  role  of  the  cancer  nurse  specialist  includes  a  holistic 
approach to supporting the patient.  

However,  Dr  Tierney  does  recognise  that  in  the  case  of  Mrs  McCormick  the  delay  in 
informing the patient of the diagnosis led to an avoidable shortening of her life. On review of 
the case it is recognised that the patient’s cancer was not upgraded onto the cancer pathway 
because  the  pathology  specimen  had  arisen  from  Mrs  McCormick’s  treatment  and  was  a 
new  and  unsuspected  cancer  rather  than  as  a  consequence  of  a  diagnostic  investigation 
such as a biopsy. Upgrade onto the cancer pathway ensures that the patient is tracked on 
the  cancer  tracking  database  (Somerset)  so  that  the  cancer  services  team  can  track  the 
appropriate and timely management of cancer treatment. We can confirm that following this 
incident  cancer  services  have  developed  a  standard  operating  procedure  for  New 
Unsuspected  Cancer  pathology,  so  that  irrespective  of  whether  cancers  are  found  as  a 
consequence  of  treatment  or  investigation  the  patient  will  be  added  to  the  cancer  tracking 
database.  By  adding  Mrs  McCormick  to  the  database  the  cancellation  of  outpatient 
appointments  would  have  been  visible  and  appropriate  resolution  sought  regarding  the 
disclosure and management of the cancer. This provides the ‘safety net’ required to ensure 
that such a situation will not happen again in the future.  

3.  Appropriate  consideration  was  not  given  to  her  records  at  the  time  that  each 

outpatient appointment was cancelled.  

As  per  the  concise  investigation  presented  at  inquest,  Mrs  McCormick  was  unfortunately 
cancelled from outpatient appointment five times by the service and once by the patient. As 
an organisation we recognise that this is not the service that we aspire to offer and for that I 
apologise.  It was the continued cancellation of outpatient appointments that led to the delay 
in informing the patient of the diagnosis and progression of treatment.  As per our response 
to the second matter of concern, we can confirm that cancers identified via treatment, such 
as  Mrs  McCormick’s,  are  now  added  to  the  cancer  tracking  database.  This  means  that 

 
 
 
 
 
 cancellation of outpatient appointments would only be made taking into account the patient’s 
cancer diagnosis. Dr Nick Tierney has also discussed outpatient appointment cancellations 
with the Directorate Manager for General Surgery, who has agreed the following actions to 
be completed by 31st March 2021, to support the reduction of cancellation of outpatient clinic 
appointments:  

•  Review  of  management  of  leave  by  clinical  staff  to  ensure  due  process  in  terms  of 

adequate notice (8 weeks as per policy).  

•  Review  of  the  process  for  clinical  and  administrative  oversight  of  outpatient 
cancellations within surgery. This will identify any further improvements to be made.  
•  Update of the risk assessment related to surgical outpatient waiting lists, including a 

review of controls in place, and any actions identified.  

It  is  important  to  recognise  the  current  challenge  that  the  hospital  faces  with  regard to  waiting  list 
management. The impact of COVID19 on already busy waiting lists has been significant and as an 
organisation we are unable to prevent the risk of outpatient cancellations fully in the future. We do 
however continue to take learning from incidents such as this one seriously. By introducing the use 
of  cancer  tracking for  patients such  as Mrs McCormick  we feel  assured that  patients,  who  have a 
cancer  diagnosis  identified  outside  of  a  diagnostic  pathway,  will  not  be  cancelled  from  outpatient 
waiting lists without clear recognition of the patient’s diagnosis and impact upon treatment. 

I  hope  that  this  response  has  provided  you  with  assurance  that  we  have  taken  on  board  the 
concerns identified during the inquest of Mrs McCormick. If you have any further questions please 
do not hesitate to contact me.  

Yours Sincerely, 

Dr Jonathan Moise 

Medical Director 

Oldham Care Organisation
Response from Northern Care Alliance NHS Trust (PDF)
Medical Director’s Office 
The Royal Oldham Hospital 
Rochdale Road 
Oldham 
OL1 2JH 

Reference: HMC4207 

26 March 2021 

Dear Mr Cox, 

I write to you following the inquest of Mrs Monica McCormick which concluded on 27 January 2021. 
Following  the  inquest  the  Northern  Care  Alliance  was  issued  with  a  Prevention  of  Future  Death 
notification with a requirement to respond by 31 March 2021 including details of actions proposed or 
taken. At the outset please accept my sincere condolences to the family of Mrs McCormick. 

Thank  you  for  bringing  your  concerns  to  our  attention.  The  Trust  is  dedicated  to  ensuring  that 
patient safety is maintained throughout all services. I would like to take this opportunity to provide 
assurance to  both  you  and  the  family  that  the  Trust  takes  the  concerns  raised  very  seriously  and 
have conducted a thorough review of this case, both before and after the inquest. 

Response to the matters of concern has been led by the Divisional Clinical Director - Surgery, Dr 

and can be found below.  

Matters of Concern: 

1. Appropriate  consideration  was  not  given  to  the  deceased’s  medical  records  at  the

time of her discharge from hospital.

Our investigation confirms that the pathology results confirming the positive cancer diagnosis
were  recorded  on  the  pathology  database  on  15  October  2019,  one  day  before  discharge
from hospital.

  has  discussed  this  case  with 

,  Clinical  Director  of  General
and Colorectal Surgery, who has confirmed that it is unusual for a histopathology diagnosis
to be available at the time of discharge and that therefore this will have been the expectation
of the team caring for the patient.

We  apologise  that  the  team  did  not  check  whether  there  had  been  a  histopathology
diagnosis  at  the  time  of  discharge.  We  will  share  this  PFD  response  at  the  Divisional  of
Surgery  Governance  Meeting  and  discuss  with  team  members  the  importance  of  checking
medical  records  in  full  when  completing  the  Handover  of  Care  Communication.  It  is
important to highlight that these documents are completed throughout the patient admission
to  ensure  a timely  discharge  once  the  patient  is considered  medically fit or  optimised.    We

 
  
 
 would also  like to  give  assurance  that the  actions  agreed  in this  letter  described under the 
second matter of concern will ensure that any diagnosis of cancer will be communicated to 
the patient in a timely manner and have appropriate oversight by the cancer services team. 

2.  The  pathology  report  was  not  communicated  to  her  general  practitioner  at  the  time 

she was discharged from hospital.  

  has  reviewed  the  case  and  confirms  that  the  pathology  report  was  not 
communicated  to  Mrs  McCormick’s  general  practitioner  (GP)  at  the  time  of  discharge  from 
hospital.  However  disclosure  to  GP  at  this  time  would  not  be  standard  practice.  Any  letter 
sent to the GP is also copied to the patient; this therefore would create the risk of a patient 
being made aware of a cancer diagnosis without appropriate support in place on receipt of 
the information.  

It is best practice that when a cancer diagnosis is shared that this is undertaken in an out-
patient  environment  to the  patient  and  next-of-kin,  by the responsible consultant  supported 
by  a  cancer  nurse  specialist.  The  role  of  the  cancer  nurse  specialist  includes  a  holistic 
approach to supporting the patient.  

  does  recognise  that  in  the  case  of  Mrs  McCormick  the  delay  in 
However, 
informing the patient of the diagnosis led to an avoidable shortening of her life. On review of 
the case it is recognised that the patient’s cancer was not upgraded onto the cancer pathway 
because  the  pathology  specimen  had  arisen  from  Mrs  McCormick’s  treatment  and  was  a 
new  and  unsuspected  cancer  rather  than  as  a  consequence  of  a  diagnostic  investigation 
such as a biopsy. Upgrade onto the cancer pathway ensures that the patient is tracked on 
the  cancer  tracking  database  (Somerset)  so  that  the  cancer  services  team  can  track  the 
appropriate and timely management of cancer treatment. We can confirm that following this 
incident  cancer  services  have  developed  a  standard  operating  procedure  for  New 
Unsuspected  Cancer  pathology,  so  that  irrespective  of  whether  cancers  are  found  as  a 
consequence  of  treatment  or  investigation  the  patient  will  be  added  to  the  cancer  tracking 
database.  By  adding  Mrs  McCormick  to  the  database  the  cancellation  of  outpatient 
appointments  would  have  been  visible  and  appropriate  resolution  sought  regarding  the 
disclosure and management of the cancer. This provides the ‘safety net’ required to ensure 
that such a situation will not happen again in the future.  

3.  Appropriate  consideration  was  not  given  to  her  records  at  the  time  that  each 

outpatient appointment was cancelled.  

As  per  the  concise  investigation  presented  at  inquest,  Mrs  McCormick  was  unfortunately 
cancelled from outpatient appointment five times by the service and once by the patient. As 
an organisation we recognise that this is not the service that we aspire to offer and for that I 
apologise.  It was the continued cancellation of outpatient appointments that led to the delay 
in informing the patient of the diagnosis and progression of treatment.  As per our response 
to the second matter of concern, we can confirm that cancers identified via treatment, such 
as  Mrs  McCormick’s,  are  now  added  to  the  cancer  tracking  database.  This  means  that 

 
 
 
 
 
 cancellation of outpatient appointments would only be made taking into account the patient’s 
cancer diagnosis. 
 has also discussed outpatient appointment cancellations 
with the Directorate Manager for General Surgery, who has agreed the following actions to 
be completed by 31st March 2021, to support the reduction of cancellation of outpatient clinic 
appointments:  

•  Review  of  management  of  leave  by  clinical  staff  to  ensure  due  process  in  terms  of 

adequate notice (8 weeks as per policy).  

•  Review  of  the  process  for  clinical  and  administrative  oversight  of  outpatient 
cancellations within surgery. This will identify any further improvements to be made.  
•  Update of the risk assessment related to surgical outpatient waiting lists, including a 

review of controls in place, and any actions identified.  

It  is  important  to  recognise  the  current  challenge  that  the  hospital  faces  with  regard to  waiting  list 
management. The impact of COVID19 on already busy waiting lists has been significant and as an 
organisation we are unable to prevent the risk of outpatient cancellations fully in the future. We do 
however continue to take learning from incidents such as this one seriously. By introducing the use 
of  cancer  tracking for  patients such  as Mrs McCormick  we feel  assured that  patients,  who  have a 
cancer  diagnosis  identified  outside  of  a  diagnostic  pathway,  will  not  be  cancelled  from  outpatient 
waiting lists without clear recognition of the patient’s diagnosis and impact upon treatment. 

I  hope  that  this  response  has  provided  you  with  assurance  that  we  have  taken  on  board  the 
concerns identified during the inquest of Mrs McCormick. If you have any further questions please 
do not hesitate to contact me.  

Yours Sincerely, 

Medical Director 

Oldham Care Organisation

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