Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2022

Surekha Shivalkar

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2022-0006, written 7 Jan 2022. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report7 Jan 2022
Reference2022-0006
DeceasedSurekha Shivalkar
CoronerGraeme Irvine
Coroner areaEast London
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Organisation namedBarts Health NHS Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses publishednone published

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

MRG IRVINE 
ACTING  SENIOR CORONER 

EAST LONDON 

Walthamstow Coroner's Court, Queens Road  Walthamst:ow,  E17  SQP 

REGULATION  28:  REPORT TO  PREVENT FUTURE  DEATHS (1) 

REGULATION 28  REPORT TO  PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS  BEING SENT TO: 

1. 

, Chief Medical Director,  Barts  Health  NHS Trust, 

The Royal  Hospital, Whitechapel Rd , London , E1  1BB 

2.  The  Department of Health  and  Social Care, 39 Victoria Street, London , 

SW1H  0EU 

38-43  Lincoln's Inn  Fields,  London WC2A 3PE 

 , Chief Executive Officer,  The Royal  College of Surgeons, 

Lion  Square, London,  WC1 R 4SG 

,  Royal  College of Anaesthetists, Churchill  House, 35  Red 

3. 

4. 

1 

CORONER 

I am Graeme Irvine, acting  senior coroner, for the coroner area of East London 

2 

CORONER'S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this  report under paragraph  7, Schedule 5, of the  Coroners and  Justice Act 2009 
and  Regulations 28  and  29  of the  Coroners (Investigations) R1egulations 2013. 
http://www. legislation. gov. u k/ukpga/2009/25/sched u le/5/paraq raph/7 
http://www. legislation . gov.uk/uksi/2013/1629/part/7 /made 

3 

INVESTIGATION and  INQUEST 

On  3rd  October 2018 I commenced an  investigation into the death of Mrs Surekha 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 Pandharinath  Shivalkar aged 78 years.  The investigation concluded  at the end of the 
inquest on  24th  December 2021 . The conclusion  of the  inquest was that Mrs Shivalkar, 
died  from; 

1 a. Multi-organ  Failure 
1 b. Complications arising  during  anaesthesia and  hip revision  surgery leading to 
hypotension and  hypoperfusion in  a woman with  ischaemic heart and  chronic 
obstructive pulmonary disease. 

A narrative conclusion was arrived  at incorporating  a finding  of unlawful killing . 

4 

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE  DEATH 

Mrs Surekha Pandharinath  Shivalkar Was a 78-year-old  woman who was scheduled for 
elective total  hip replacement revision  surgery.  Mrs Shivalkar had  a number of serious 
debilitating  comorbidities including  ischaemic heart disease, osteoporosis,  and chronic 
obstructive pulmonary disorder. 
No formal  assessment tool was used  in  the calculation  of risk  of death , consequently, an 
inaccurate risk of mortality was assessed as  being  less than  5%. 

Mrs Shivalkar was deemed suitable for surgery at a surgical centre that did  not have 
high  dependency unit facilities  suitable for dealing with the critically  ill  patient in 
recovery. 

On  28  September 2018 Mrs Shivalkar underwent revision  total  hip replacement surgery 
under combined  regional and general anaesthesia.  The surgery was estimated to  last 4 
to 5 hours . 

The surgery was completed after a  period  greater than 7 ½ hours . During  surgery, 
allowed  Mrs Shivalkar to  sustain  a prolonged  and dangerous period  of hypotension.  The 
anaesthetist failed to communicate this fact to  the surgical team. 

After six hours of surgery, the anaesthetist was specifically asked  if there was any 
reason that surgery ought not to  be  prolonged , the  anaesthetist assented to  the delay. 

Mrs Shivalkar was returned  to  recovery where she was found  to  be  in  a dangerously 
hypotensive state. The consultant anaesthetist assessed Mrs Shivalkar and  failed  to 
recognise her critical  state, the patient was discharged from the  recovery room. 

Upon  being  returned to the surgical ward , Mrs Shivalkar sustained a cardiac arrest, CPR 
was commenced and  steps were taken for transfer to  the local intensive treatment unit. 
Due to the  remote location of the surgical centre there were delays in  this transfer. 

Upon admission to  the  intensive treatment unit Mrs Shivalkar was found to  be  in 
multiorgan failure with  a profound  metabolic acidosis.  Despite the efforts of the intensive 
treatment team  Mrs Shivalkar sustained a further cardiac arrest and  died . 

5 

CORONER'S CONCERNS 

During  the course of the  inquest the evidence revealed  matters giving  rise to  concern . In 
my opinion  there is a risk that future deaths could  occur unless action  is taken . In  the 
circumstances  it is  my statutory duty to  report to  you . 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN  are as follows .  -

1.  No  formal  risk  assessment  tool  was  adopted  to  assess  preoperative  risk 
prior  to  Mrs  Shivalkar's  total  hip  replacement  revision  surgery.  Despite 
policy  chanqes  at  Barts  Heath  NHS  Trust  since  2018 ,  there  remains  no 

2 

 requirement to  utilise such  a tool. 

2.  Poor  communication  between 

the  orthopaedic  surgical  team  and 

the 
anaesthetist during  surgery  led  to  a collective  failure  to  identify  a critically  ill 
patient.  General  and  non-specific  questions  regarding  the  patient's  welfare 
passed  between  the  two  teams  but  no  targeted  questions  requiring  clear 
factual  responses  were  asked .  Had  such  questions  been  put,  a  different 
outcome may have arisen . 

3.  The  Senior  Consultant  surgeon  left  the  surgery  prior  to  its  conclusion , 
lengthening  the  procedure. The  Consultant did  not effectively  communicate 
his  reasons  for  leaving  the  surgery  to  the  other  members  of  the  surgical 
team ,  neither  did  the  surgical  notes  refer  to  his  early  departure .  The 
Consultants  statement  to  the  court  did  not  indicate  that  he  had  left  the 
surgery  before  its  conclusion . No  system  was  in  place to; assess whether a 
decision  to  leave  surgery  was  appropriate , or to  effectively  monitor when  a 
surgeon  leaves theatre. 

6 

ACTION  SHOULD BE  TAKEN 

In  my opinion action  should  be taken to  prevent future deaths and  I believe you 
[AND/OR your organisation] have the power to take such  action. 

7 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You  are under a duty to  respond  to this  report within  56  days of the date of this  report, 
namely by 4th  March 2022 . I, the coroner,  may extend the  period . 

Your response must contain  details of action taken or proposed  to  be taken , setting  out 
the  timetable for action . Otherwise you  must explain why no action  is  proposed. 

8 

COPIES and  PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the  Chief Coroner and  to  the following  Interested 
Persons the family of Mrs Shivalkar and  to the CQC . I have also sent it to the  local 
Director of Public Health who may find  it useful or of interest. 

I am also under a duty to  send  a copy of your response to  the Chief Coroner and  all 
interested  persons who  in  my opinion should  receive it. 

I may also send a copy of your response to  any other person who  I believe may find  it 
useful or of interest. 

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both  in  a complete or redacted or summary 
form.  He may send  a copy of this report to  any person  who  he 
or of interest. 

lieves may find  it useful 

You  may make representations to  me, the coroner, at the tirr 
the release or the publication  of your response. 

f your response,  about 

9 

[DATE]  7th  January 2022 

[SIGNED  BY CORONER] C / 

1  A 

3

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