Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2022

Muhammad Hassan

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2022-0221, written 19 Jul 2022. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report19 Jul 2022
Reference2022-0221
DeceasedMuhammad Hassan
CoronerSamantha Goward
Coroner areaCambridgeshire and Peterborough
CategoryChild Death (from 2015)
Organisation namedNorth West Anglia NHS Foundation Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses publishednone published

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

1. The Chief Executive of NICE
2. Royal College of Midwives

1  CORONER 
. 

I am Samantha Goward, Assistant Coroner for the coroner area of Cambridgeshire 
and Peterborough. 

2  CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 
. 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 
2009  and  Regulations  28  and  29  of  the  Coroners  (Investigations)  Regulations 
2013. 
Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (legislation.gov.uk) 
The Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013 (legislation.gov.uk) 

3  INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 
. 

On  8  July  2021  an  investigation  in  to  the  death  of  Muhammad  Zayaan  ul  Hasan 
was commenced, who died on 21 November 2020 aged 3 days. The investigation 
concluded at the end of the inquest on 8 July 2022. The conclusion of the inquest 
was: 

Medical  Cause  of  Death  – 1a  Meconium  aspiration  syndrome  and  patchy  acute 
pneumonia. 

Conclusion –  Muhammad  Zayaan  ul  Hasan  aspirated  meconium  prior  to  his 
delivery, but there were no signs to alert clinicians to this at birth. After an initial 
period  of  close  observations  due  to  grunting,  he  was  provided  routine  care.  His 
reluctance to feed and increasing sleepiness were not detected prior to discharge 
from hospital. His condition significantly deteriorated at home and he sadly died 
as a result of meconium aspiration syndrome and patchy acute pneumonia. 

 CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

4 
. 

1. In summary, Muhammad Zayaan ul Hasan (known to his family as Zayaan) was
born at 23.40 hours on 18 November 2020.  At delivery, Zaayan had APGAR
scores of 9, 10 and 10.  Umbilical cord gases were within the normal range.
There was no sign of meconium at birth.

2. Although there were no concerns and he appeared well at birth, he began to
make grunting noises and was kept under neonatal care for the first 15 hours
of life, where no further concerns were reported or observed.

3. There was difficulty with breast feeding so bottle feeding was commenced,

while attempts were made to establish breast feeding.

4. Zayaan began to show signs of sleepiness and reluctance to feed, but these
were not picked up on prior to his discharge home on 20 November and his
mother was not given advice of how to recognise reluctance to feed.  No
feeding assessment was carried out prior to discharge.  Had there been, he
may have been kept in hospital and received further neonatal care.

5. In the early hours of 21 November, Zayaan’s mother called the midwifery

helpline to report concerns that Zayaan had abnormal breathing, sleepiness, a
nosebleed, jaundice and poor feeding.  Her request to bring him in for
assessment was denied and she was reassured that a community midwife
would assess him the following day.  His mother remained concerned and
spoke to someone again around 4am, but was again reassured.  On both
occasions Zaayan was exhibiting signs of an unwell neonate and I heard expert
evidence at the Inquest that Zayaan should have received a face to face
assessment.

6. At around 5am Zayann was noted to be more floppy, unresponsive and

appeared not to be breathing.  He was transported by ambulance to PCH but
sadly, despite appropriate treatment he died.

7. A post mortem report revealed that he had suffered meconium aspiration

syndrome and patchy acute pneumonia.  There had been no signs of meconium
during labour or at delivery.

8. An investigation carried out by HSIB identified that there is a lack of national
guidance on feeding expectation for a formula fed baby in the first 72 hours
when the baby is considered to be low risk.

 9. Expert evidence at the Inquest was that if the concerns regarding Zayaan’s
sleepiness and reluctance to feed had been picked up on at that time, he would
have been admitted to the neonatal unit and, on the balance of probabilities, if
he had still been in hospital when his condition started to deteriorate, he would
have survived after effective treatment.

10. Mother and baby were discharged on 20 November 2020.  The written
information about formula feeding on discharge did not provide clear guidance
on how to recognise reluctance to feed. Had the parents been given more specific
advice about signs of reluctance to feed, they are likely to have escalated
concerns sooner.

11.The Midwives who gave evidence at the Inquest agreed that national guidance
on feeding expectation for a formula fed baby in the first 72 hours when the baby
is considered to be low risk, as suggested by HSIB, would be helpful.

12. The independent expert Neonatologist agreed likewise.

13. Following the Inquest I contacted HSIB to see if this was an issue that they
had taken further action in relation to.  As it is not, I therefore issue this report.

 5  CORONER’S CONCERNS 
. 

During  the  course  of  the  inquest  the  evidence  revealed  matters  giving  rise  to 
concern. In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths could occur unless action 
is taken. In the circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTER OF CONCERN IS that there is a lack of national guidance on feeding 
expectation  for  a  formula  fed  baby  in  the  first  72  hours  when  the  baby  is 
considered to be low risk.  This may lead to babies being prematurely discharged 
and  to  families  not  being  provided  with  appropriate  information  on  signs  of 
concern. 

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you 
have the power to take such action. 

YOUR RESPONSE 

6 
. 

7 
. 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this 
report, namely by 15 September 2022.  I, the Coroner, may extend the period. 

Your  response  must  contain  details  of  action  taken  or  proposed  to  be  taken, 
setting out the timetable for action. Otherwise, you must explain why no action is 
proposed. 

 8  COPIES and PUBLICATION 
. 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following 
Interested Persons: 

(1) 
(2) North West Anglia NHS Foundation Trust
(3) HSIB

I am also under a duty to send a copy of your response to the Chief Coroner and 
all Interested Persons who in my opinion should receive it. 

I may also send a copy of your response to any other person who I believe may 
find it useful or of interest. 

The  Chief  Coroner  may  publish  either  or  both  in  a  complete  or  redacted  or 
summary form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes 
may find it useful or of interest. 

You may make representations to me, the Coroner, at the time of your response, 
about the release or the publication of your response. 

Signature of Samantha Goward, Assistant Coroner 

21.07.22

Related reports

Other reports by Samantha Goward

See all →

More reports categorised “Child Death (from 2015)”

See all →

Track North West Anglia NHS Foundation Trust

See every Prevention of Future Deaths report matching North West Anglia NHS Foundation Trust, and how often a new one appears.

What would an alert for this have sent me? Search the full text

Free to try — the preview shows the real matches and how many arrived in the last 12 months. Your first email alert is free.

These reports are published by the Chief Coroner's office at judiciary.uk and are © Crown copyright. The text here is reproduced from the published PDF so it can be searched. If something on this page is wrong, or you are a person named in it and want it reviewed, email drcjar@gmail.com and we will act promptly.