Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2022

Thomas Smith

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2022-0225, written 16 Jul 2022. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report16 Jul 2022
Reference2022-0225
DeceasedThomas Smith
CoronerTom Stoate
Coroner areaBedfordshire and Luton
CategoryAlcohol, drug and medication related deaths
Organisation namedEast London NHS Foundation Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

02047-2020 

Senior Coroner - Emma Whitting 
Bedfordshire & Luton  
REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

1)

 Chief Executive Officer, NHS England and NHS Improvement

, Chief Executive, East London NHS Foundation Trust (“ELFT”)

1 

CORONER 

I am Tom Stoate, Assistant Coroner for the area of Bedfordshire and Luton. 

2 

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this Report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 
and Regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 
http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/schedule/5/paragraph/7 
http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2013/1629/part/7/made 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On 5 January 2021 an investigation was commenced into the death of Mr Thomas 
Antony Smith (hereafter where relevant “Thomas”), aged 33. The investigation 
concluded at the end of the inquest (held with a jury) on 1 April 2022. The conclusion of 
the inquest was a narrative conclusion as follows: 

“Thomas died of a drugs related death as a result of a series of serious failings in his 
care” 

4 

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

The jury empanelled for this inquest found the circumstances of Mr Smith’s death to be 
as follows: 

“Thomas died in part due to serious failings in the care given to him on Coral Ward 
during the night of 29th/30th December 2020 following a positive drugs test around 
8:30pm on 29th December 2020.   

Thomas was granted Section 17 accompanied leave to go into Luton in the afternoon of 
29/12/20. Following a visit to a Post Office, Thomas visited a vape shop where he 
, before returning to Coral Ward.    
possibly obtained 

##DW<<corAddress>> 

    
    
 
 Concerns in Thomas's presentation prompted a urine drugs test at 8:30pm which was 
positive. Accordingly [sic] to ELFT policy, this should have triggered increased 
observations of Thomas. This was not done.    

Other serious failings were: 

- Lack in knowledge of Trust staff relating to patients who had tested positive for drugs

- The level of observations on Thomas was not increased and were insufficient following
assessment of him by the duty on-call doctor around 11:20 on 29/12/20

- Signs of potential deterioration in Thomas were not identified

- Thomas’s presentation and unidentified material found in his room which may have
been illicit drugs at around 02:40 on 30/12/20, were not escalated to more senior
members of ward staff.

There was an admitted failure in starting CPR on Thomas for a period of approximately 
2 minutes after he was found unresponsive in his room at approximately 07:34am on 
30/12/20, although this failure did not cause or contribute to Thomas's death.   

A possible cause contributing to Thomas's death was the visit to the vape shop on 
escorted leave under Section 17 on the afternoon of the 29/12/20.” 

The cause of Mr Smith’s death was determined to be: 

Ia Aspiration of Gastric Contents 
Ib 
Ic  
II Cardiac hypertrophy and Dilatation 

 misuse 

5 

CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the Inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. 
In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the 
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows: 

1) Knowledge of the dangers of 
mental health patient settings

 in detained

There was evidence of steps having been taken by the ELFT at a local level to remedy 
’ and 
the apparent lack of knowledge amongst its staff regarding the dangers of 

 after Mr Smith’s death, including its own substance misuse 

training and inviting local substance misuse charities back onto its wards to work with 
its patients and staff as Covid restrictions lift.  

Bedfordshire and Luton Coroner Service 

  
 
 There was, however, various evidence which suggested a lack of knowledge from ELFT 
staff around 

 and it’s potentially fatal effects, including that several witnesses: 

(i)

(ii)

Did not know what ‘

’ or 

 could look like; 

Were unaware of how of a person under the influence of ‘

’ or 

 might present; and 

(iii)

Had received no training on the dangers of ‘

’ or 

There was some evidence that this might be a wider issue of concern, both locally and 
nationally, than only with ELFT staff. In the event that is correct, this report is directed 
to NHS England and NHS Improvement.  

2) The system for assessing risks associated with s.17 leave

I was told that, when a staff member is escorting a service user out of the ward, there is 
an expectation for that staff member to be aware of the location, general mental state 
and wellbeing of the service user; and that a ‘mental state assessment’ should be 
carried out on the ward prior to leave taking place, as a further safeguard once s.17 
leave had been granted. 

However, the evidence of the healthcare assistant who took Mr Smith out on leave, on 
the occasion (29 December 2020) that the jury concluded it was possible that he was 
able to buy the 

 the misuse of which caused his death, was that: 

(i)

He would not necessarily read a patient’s RiO (electronic continuous) notes
before taking a patient out on leave;

(ii)

He had not read Mr Smith’s care plan before taking him on leave;

(iii)

(iv)

There had been no handover from other staff to him of Mr Smith’s
presentation on 28 December 2020 presentation (when he was suspected of
being ‘under the influence’ of a substance); and

Although he had read the form authorising Mr Smith’s leave (i.e., the s.17
form), that form – a statutory document – does not contain information
about particular risks posed to a patient by or when out on s.17 leave.

As a result of the above, this particular healthcare assistant was unaware that: 

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

On 28 December 2020 Mr Smith had been suspected of being under the
influence of drugs;

Mr Smith’s care plan of 20 December 2020 set out as a ‘risk issue’ the fact
that “Thomas has a history of using illicit substances”; and

The care plan set out as an ‘intervention’ for Mr Smith: “Nursing staff to do
random urine drug screening and breathalysing upon return to the ward.”

Bedfordshire and Luton Coroner Service 

  
 
 
 The healthcare assistant therefore appears to have been in a position of escorting a 
patient on leave without knowledge of a patient’s very recent potential drug-related 
presentation, or of a specified intervention aimed at reducing the risk posed to that 
patient by drugs as set out in his care plan. 

There was, however, no suggestion in the evidence of any witness during Mr Smith’s 
inquest that the situation in which the escorting healthcare assistant found himself 
represented a failure to follow policy or expected procedure. In the event that this is  
correct there appears to be a wider issue – and this Report is therefore directed to NHS 
England and NHS Improvement. 

6 

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you have 
the power to take such action.  

7 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, 
namely by Monday 19th September 2022. I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out 
the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8 

COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the family of Mr Smith. 

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your Response.  

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary 
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it 
useful or of interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of 
your response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief 
Coroner. 

9 

Tom Stoate 
H.M. Assistant Coroner for the area of Bedfordshire and Luton

Dated: 16 May 2022 

Bedfordshire and Luton Coroner Service

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from S From NHS England (PDF)
Mr Tom Stoate, 
Assistant Coroner for Bedfordshire and Luton, 
The Court House,  
Woburn Street,  
Ampthill,  
Bedfordshire,  
MK45 2HX 

National Medical Director  
NHS England  
Wellington House 
133-155 Waterloo Road  
London 
SE1 8UG 

18 November 2022  

Dear Mr Stoate, 

Re: Regulation 28 Report to Prevent Future Deaths – Mr Thomas Antony Smith 
who died on 30 December 2020  

Thank you for your Report to Prevent Future Deaths (hereafter “Report”) dated 16 May 
2022  concerning  the  death  of  Thomas  Antony  Smith  on  30  December  2020.  In 
advance of responding to the specific concerns raised in your Report, I would like to 
express my deep condolences to Thomas’s family and loved ones. NHS England are 
keen to assure the family and the Coroner that the concerns raised about Thomas’s 
care have been listened to and reflected upon.  

Following the inquest, you raised concerns regarding;  

1.  Knowledge of the dangers of 

 in detained mental 
health patient settings – including the evidence at the inquest which suggested a 
lack of knowledge from East London NHS Foundation Trust (“ELFT”) staff around 
 and it’s potentially fatal effects, and the fact that this might be a wider issue 

of concern, both locally and nationally. 

2.  The  system  for  assessing  risks  associated  with  s.17  leave  –  in  particular,  the 
healthcare assistant in question appears to have been in a position of escorting a 
patient on leave without knowledge of a patient’s very recent potential drug-related 
presentation, or of a specified intervention aimed at reducing the risk posed to that 
patient by drugs as set out in his care plan.  

NHS England acknowledge and share your concerns regarding knowledge of 
both locally and nationally, although it is not within NHS England’s remit to deliver this 
education  as  a  commissioner.  Provider  organisations  are  responsible  for  providing 
staff with the relevant training, to ensure that they are aware of issues pertinent to their 
patient  population.  In  this  particular  case,  ELFT  will  be  responsible  for  training  and 
refreshing  their  employees  on 
  in  detained mental  health  patient  settings, and 
this is addressed further below.  

Since  2013,  local  drug  &  alcohol  services,  which  are  routinely  provided  by  local 
councils,  are  able  to  provide  training  on  ‘New  Psychoactive  Substances’  including 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 . In addition, Public Health England (“PHE”) previously issued 
a toolkit for prison staff on New Psychoactive Substances in January 2017, which NHS 
England was signed up to (Link here).  PHE also issued a toolkit for commissioners 
earlier on in November 2014 (Link here). Both of these toolkits have information that 
would help healthcare staff to look after individuals who have taken 
 and provide 
advice on how to manage substance use within secure environments, from a clinical, 
psychosocial  and  regime  perspective.  The  NHS  England  Regulation  28  Working 
Group will ensure that your Report and this response is shared with all regions, to pass 
onto individual integrated care systems (ICSs) which are partnerships of organisations 
that  come  together  to  plan  and  deliver  joined  up  health  and  care  services,  and  to 
improve the  lives of  people  who  live  and  work  in  their  area  for  further  learning  and 
consideration. https://www.england.nhs.uk/integratedcare/what-is-integrated-care/  

ELFT have shared their action plan with us relevant to your Report and have been 
able to facilitate and deliver training to staff on the ward, as well as senior staff within 
the  organisation.  They  have  engaged  local  drug  and  alcohol  service  providers  to 
deliver training and awareness around spice. They have also ensured that staff are 
aware of the relevant policies, to ensure effective management of patients who are 
suspected to be intoxicated.   

is 

17 

Leave 

covered 

1983 
Section 
(https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1983/20/section/17).  With 
this 
serious  incident,  ELFT  have  revisited  the  issue  of  having  a  robust  leave  risk 
assessment prior to a service user accessing leave and have reiterated this to all staff 
(substantive and temporary) within Luton and Bedfordshire.  

the  Mental  Health  Act 

respect 

by 

to 

All staff members are aware that pre-leave risk assessments must be communicated 
and  agreed  by  the  Nurse  in  charge  prior  to  leave.  Any  concerns  raised  by  staff 
members  with  regard  to  pre-leave  risk  assessments  must  be  communicated  to  the 
Nurse in charge. Additionally, if the Nurse in charge identifies that they are not clinically 
confident with decision making around leave and feels out of their depth, they would 
be expected to escalate this to their Clinical Nurse Manager or Modern Matron. For 
out of hours leave, the Duty Senior Nurse (DSN) on site would be able to support with 
decision making. 

I would also like to provide further assurances on the national NHSE work taking place 
around the Reports to Prevent Future Deaths. All reports received are discussed by 
the Regulation 28 Working Group, comprising Regional Medical Directors and other 
clinical and quality colleagues from across the regions. This ensures that key learnings 
and insights around events, such as the sad death of Thomas, are shared across the 
NHS at both a national and regional level, and helps us to pay close attention to any 
emerging trends that may require further review and action. 

Thank you for bringing these important patient safety issues to my attention and please 
do not hesitate to contact me should you need any further information. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Yours sincerely, 

National Medical Director

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