Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2024

Selina Samarina

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2024-0299, written 19 Jun 2024. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report19 Jun 2024
Reference2024-0299
DeceasedSelina Samarina
CoronerStephen Simblet
Coroner areaEssex
CategoryChild Death (from 2015)
Organisation namedMid and South Essex NHS Foundation Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28:  REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS  

NOTE: This form is to be used after an inquest. 

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

1.  Mid and South Essex NHS Partnership Trust 

1 

CORONER 

I am STEPHEN SIMBLET KC assistant coroner, for the coroner area of Essex. 

2 

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 
2009 and Regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On 11th April 2023, I commenced an investigation into the death of Selina Samarina, 
aged 2. The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on 28th May 2024. The 
conclusion of the inquest was that the deceased died of natural causes, the medical 
cause of death being that she had died from sepsis and pneumonia, with contributory 
factors of Down’s Syndrome and Upper Respiratory Tract infection. She died in 
Broomfield Hospital 

4 

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

Selina had been brought into hospital by her parents with symptoms of fever, a rash 
and irritability. She was made an urgent referral and the sepsis protocol/ procedure 
was triggered. That should ordinarily lead to an examination by a senior doctor within 
an hour. In this case, a very junior doctor was sent over, in part because there was 
huge demand on the ward services and the available doctors of seniority were 
otherwise engaged with other patients. Selina’s diagnosis was thus arrived at by a 
relatively junior doctor, and other possible diagnoses such as sepsis or pneumonia 
were not addressed.There was no differential diagnosis.  
It was not until two and a half hours later that a doctor of appropriate seniority was 
available to assess Selina, by which time, as was consistent with the directions from 
the junior doctor, Selina had gone home with her parents. Evidence was given by the 
consultant that on that particular day, a Bank Holiday (Good Friday), there would 
normally be 12 doctors across the Emergency Department and Paediatrics 
Department, but on that day, there were only 7. This increased workload and the 
demand for services (which was at a normal level) had played a part in the consultant 
not being available to review Selina’s condition within the timescale mandated by the 
sepsis protocol,   

5 

CORONER’S CONCERNS 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. 
In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths could occur unless action is taken. In 
the circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows.  –  

(1)  I was told in evidence that the Trust has now consolidated the staffing rotas 

for the Emergency Department and Paediatrics Department, so that it is now 
easier to see any deficit as one deficit across two departments. That does not 
however, address the situation of how and why a situation in which only 60% 
of the doctors are available for these important services.   

(2)  I am concerned about the overall sufficiency of the staffing arrangements. 

6 

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you 
[AND/OR your organisation] have the power to take such action.  

7 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, 
namely by 31 July 2024. The coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting 
out the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8 

COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested 
Persons parents: (

); nurse in charge 

 Since the deceased was under 18, it may also be necessary to inform the 

LOCAL SAFEGUARDING BOARD (where the deceased was under 18)].  
I have also sent it to Health Service England who may find it useful or of interest. 

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.  

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary 
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it 
useful or of interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of 
your response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief 
Coroner. 

9 

19th June 2024                          

2

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Mid and South Essex NHS (PDF)
H.M Assistant Coroner 
Mr Stephen Simblet KC 
SEAX House 
Victoria Road South 
Chelmsford 
Essex 
CM1 1QH 

Our Ref: 

25 July 2024 

Dear Mr Simblet KC 

Regulation 28 Report to Prevent Future Deaths- Selina Samarina 

I write further to your Regulation 28 Report to Prevent Future Deaths (PFDR) dated 19th 
June 2024, relating to the Inquest of Miss Selina Samarina. 

I have carefully reviewed your report and discussed your concerns with my colleagues in 
the related specialties. I have set out below our response to the concerns raised. 

Matters of Concern 

(1) I was told in evidence that the Trust has now consolidated the staffing rotas for 
the Emergency Department and Paediatrics Department, so that it is now easier to 
see  any  deficit  as  one  deficit  across  two  departments.  That  does  not  however, 
address the situation of how and why a situation in which only 60% of the doctors 
are available for these important services.  

(2) I am concerned about the overall sufficiency of the staffing arrangements. 

The  Trust  has  now  improved  how  paediatric  shifts  are  allocated  to  the  Emergency 
Department to ensure that it is adequately staffed. We have developed the governance 
and management around staffing the Emergency Department so that we can promptly 
escalate  staffing  issues  before  a  shift  commences,  and  appropriately  manage  and 
mitigate any potential staffing concerns. 

Whereas previously, the Paediatric Department had the responsibility of identifying and 
allocating Paediatric shifts for Paediatric Emergency Department cover to staff, this task 
is  now  undertaken  by  the  Emergency  Department  team  themselves.  This  change 
ensures that the Emergency Department can identify which shifts are required by grade 
and experience level according to the demand across the whole department. These shifts 
are  then  approved  within  the  care  group  and  the  Paediatric  team  assist  in  identifying 
suitable cover where Paediatric skills are specifically needed.  

1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The  Emergency  Department  team  are  of  course  better  placed  to  review  the  staffing 
arrangements as they possess the knowledge of staff competencies within their teams 
and can ensure that a safe staffing skill mix is met for each shift. This extends to not only 
the  medical  teams,  but  also  the  wider  staff  groups  including  for  example  allied 
professions and Advanced Nurse Practitioners. 

Our  rota-coordinators are  completing  regular  checks  throughout  each  day  to  maintain 
safe staffing levels in the Emergency Department, and we hold early multi-disciplinary 
planning  meetings  ahead  of  each  weekend  to  carefully  manage  unforeseen  risks  and 
issues such as sickness. The rota coordinators can request authority to put shifts out to 
bank or agency if required, and if these cannot be filled, we have a clear escalation route 
to  the  senior  management  teams  to  devise  mitigation  plans  if  required.  However,  in 
practice  this  happens  only  occasionally  as  we  are  forward  planning  in  good  time  and 
bank shifts are usually filled. 

As a comparison, and for assurance of the improvements we have made since this tragic 
case, I have attached our audit data collated for the Easter period in 2024, names of the 
staff members have  been  redacted.  The data  shows that  very few shifts  were unfilled 
during this period, despite this often being a challenging time to cover shifts, and middle 
grade  and  Consultant  rotas  were  well  filled.  Senior  doctor  cover  was  as  planned 
especially on the late shifts going into the evening and overnight. 

We  will  continue  to  monitor  the  staffing  of  the  Emergency  Department  as  part  of  our 
ongoing audit programme, and we are confident that we are  now in a much-improved 
position.  

We  are  grateful  for  you  bringing  this  issue  to  our  attention  and  are  grateful  for  the 
opportunity to learn from these events. We hope that the action we have taken, and will 
continue to take, has provided assurance that your concerns are being addressed. 

If you have any further concerns or you would like to discuss this case further, please do 
not hesitate to contact me. 

Yours sincerely 

Medical Director, Deputy CMO and Consultant ENT Surgeon 
Mid and South Essex NHS Foundation Trust 

Enc Audit data  

2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                             
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