Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2024

Gillian Peacock

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2024-0313, written 5 Jun 2024. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report5 Jun 2024
Reference2024-0313
DeceasedGillian Peacock
CoronerJames Thompson
Coroner areaCounty Durham and Darlington
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths · Alcohol, drug and medication related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

Regulation 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

NOTE:  This form is to be used after an inquest. 

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

1  Chief Executive - County Durham & Darlington NHS Foundation Trust 

1  CORONER 

I am James E THOMPSON, Assistant Coroner for the coroner area of County Durham and 
Darlington 

2  CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On 15/03/2023 09:42an investigation was commenced into the death of Gillian PEACOCK 
16/08/1962 00:00:00.  The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on 
05/06/2024 00:00.  The conclusion of the inquest was that Gillian Peacock died on 8th 
March 2023 at Darlington Memorial Hospital. She suffered from a number of health 
conditions, but significantly atrial fibrillation for which she was prescribed digoxin. She was 
admitted to hospital on 27th February 2023 and was diagnosed with a chest infection and 
was prescribed clarithomycin. It was recorded by a hospital pharmacist on 1st March 2023 
in her medical notes that the use of these two drugs can cause digoxin toxicity and an 
alternative drug or monitoring is advised. No alternative drug was prescribed and no 
monitoring took place until 7th March 2023 where results showed an elevated level of 
digoxin. Her digoxin was withheld. She had displayed no recognised symptoms of digoxin 
toxicity during her stay in hospital. She suffered a cardiac arrest on the morning of 8th 
March 2023 and died. Post Mortem examination could not ascertain a cause of death. The 
medical evidence cannot on the balance of probabilities determine the contribution of 
digoxin & clarithomycin to her death.. 

4  CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

Gillian Peacock died on 8th March 2023 at Darlington Memorial Hospital. She suffered from 
a number of health conditions, but significantly atrial fibrillation for which she was 
prescribed digoxin. She was admitted to hospital on 27th February 2023 and was diagnosed 
with a chest infection and was prescribed clarithomycin. It was recorded by a hospital 
pharmacist on 1st March 2023 in her medical notes that the use of these two drugs can 
cause digoxin toxicity and an alternative drug or monitoring is advised. No alternative drug 
was prescribed and no monitoring took place until 7th March 2023 where results showed an 
elevated level of digoxin. Her digoxin was withheld. She had displayed no recognised 
symptoms of digoxin toxicity during her stay in hospital. She suffered a cardiac arrest on 
the morning of 8th March 2023 and died. Post Mortem examination could not ascertain a 
cause of death. The medical evidence cannot on the balance of probabilities determine the 
contribution of digoxin & clarithomycin to her death. 

5  CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the investigation my inquiries revealed matters giving rise to concern. 
In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths could occur unless action is taken.  In the 
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

Regulation 28 – After Inquest 
Document Template Updated 30/07/2021 

 The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows: 
(brief summary of matters of concern) 

Gillian Peacock was admitted to hospital on 27th February 2023 and was diagnosed with a 
chest infection and was prescribed clarithomycin. It was recorded by a hospital pharmacist 
on 1st March 2023 in her medical notes that the use of these two drugs can cause digoxin 
toxicity and an alternative drug or monitoring is advised. No alternative drug was 
prescribed and no monitoring took place until 7th March 2023. 

The evidence I have heard is that the treating clinicians had not seen the entry in her 
medical records. This was in part due to the way the entries are displayed in the records 
and the 'huge' number of entries that are recorded. 

I heard that now that any pharmacist entries of significance must be verbally passed to a 
junior doctor involved in the patient's care and in turn passed on at ward meetings to the 
broader group of staff caring for that patient. 

I have a concern that the current system does not address the issue of important medical 
information being recorded in a patient's notes not being accessible in such a way that 
clinicians can see and if necessary act on it. 

The use of verbal handovers does not in my view fully address my concern that crucial 
medical information should be recorded in a patient's medical records in such a way that 
relevant information is visible to those involved in care. In addition, that it can be accessed 
immediately without reliance on the verbal passing of information from one member of the 
treating team to another. 

6  ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you (and/or 
your organisation) have the power to take such action. 

7  YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, 
namely by July 31, 2024.  I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out the 
timetable for action.  Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8  COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested 
Persons 

I have also sent it to 

Care Quality Commission 

who may find it useful or of interest. 

I am also under a duty to send a copy of your response to the Chief Coroner and all 
interested persons who in my opinion should receive it. 

I may also send a copy of your response to any person who I believe may find it useful or 
of interest. 

Regulation 28 – After Inquest 
Document Template Updated 30/07/2021 

 
 The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary form. 
He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful or of 
interest. 

You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response about the 
release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9  Dated: 05/06/2024 

James E THOMPSON 
Assistant Coroner for 
County Durham and Darlington 

Regulation 28 – After Inquest 
Document Template Updated 30/07/2021

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Cddft (PDF)
Executive Corridor
Darlington Memorial Hospital
Hollyhurst Road
Darlington,
DL3 6HX

Our Ref: GPEACOCKINQ1350

E-mail:

29th July 2024

James Thompson,
Assistant HM Coroner,
County Durham

Dear Mr Thompson,

Re: Gillian Peacock

We  are  writing  in  response  to  your  request  for  the  Trust  to  take  action  in  relation  to  your
concerns  following  the  inquest  held  on  5th  June  2024.    Your  concern  was  that  current
processes mean that important medical information being recorded in a patient's notes is not
accessible in such a way that clinicians can see, and if necessary act, on it.  You suggested
that this was in  part due to the way the entries are  displayed  in the records and the 'huge'
number of entries that are recorded.

The Trust would like to offer its sincere condolences to Gillian’s family for their loss. We take
very seriously the concerns which you have raised and have provided a response below.

Electronic patient records (EPR) bring with them significant benefits in that notes are legible,
structured and individual entries are significantly easier to locate than in paper notes.  As you
heard at the inquest the pharmacy entry in Mrs Peacocks notes was made on 1st March 2023
and in additon to the documented note was also verbally handed over to the medical team.
Figure 1 below shows the entry in the documentation list and Figure 2 shows the detail of the
pharmacy entry.

Figure 1 – Pharmacy Note in Documentation List

 Figure 2 – Detail of Pharmacy Entry in Documentation

Whilst  the  Trust  acknowledges  the  suggestion  that  some  form  of  alert  would  have  been  of
benefit we would like to highlight that there needs to be a judicious use of alerts.  In one month
there  are  circa 250,000  alerts  fired  in  the  EPR.    In  the  period  23  Jun  –  24  Jul  2024  44%
(109,023 of 247,365) of all alerts fired were related to medications and prescribing.

 Figure 3 – Number of Alerts Fired by Day

 Figure 4 – Number of Alerts by Category

 Alerts in the EPR are referred to as clinical decision support and are a tool that helps clinicians
in decision making by generating clinical alerts to supplement their previous knowledge and
experience. However a large number of alerts can result  in alert fatigue.  
(2020)
define this as:

‘the mental state of alerts consuming too much time and mental energy, which often
results in relevant alerts being overridden unjustifiably, along with clinically irrelevant
ones.  Consequently,  clinicians  become  less  responsive  to  important  alerts,  which
opens the door to medication errors’

There are 4 levels of alerts relating to drug to drug interactions that are imported into Cerner
EPR from the Multum drug interactions database:

 Level 1 Major contraindicated - This interaction poses a major threat to the patient’s
health and is the highest severity level. This requires a prescriber to either discontinue
the pre-existing, interacting medication order, or override the alert with a documented
clinical reason.

 Level 2 Major - This interaction poses a major threat to the patient’s health and is not
recommended. This category includes interactions where additional contraception may
be  needed,  an  interval  adjustment,  dose  adjustment  or  close  monitoring  is
recommended.

 Level 3  Moderate - The interaction poses a  moderate  threat to the patient’s  health

and should be evaluated.

 Level 4 Minor – This interaction poses a minimal threat to the patient’s health.

The EPR at CDDFT has Level 1 alerts activated within the system and includes approximately
11200 different drug-drug interactions.

The interaction between digoxin and clarithromycin is classed as a Major (level 2) interaction
where  additional  monitoring  or  dose  adjustment  would  be  appropriate.  In  line  with  other
organisations  utilising  this  software,  level  2  and  below  interactions  are  not  activated  as
prescriber alerts within the system due to the risks of alert fatigue described above. If level 2
drug-drug  interaction  alerts  were  activated  this  would  include  a  further 23400  drug-drug
interaction combinations.

Having  taken  into  consideration  your  concerns  the  Trust  is  convening  a  multi-disciplinary,
cross speciality group led by the Chief Pharmacist to review all Major (level 2) drug to drug
interactions to review whether any are appropriate to activate a prescriber alert.

Conclusion

We trust that the responses detailed in this letter are sufficient to address the concerns you
have highlighted. However, please feel free to contact us if you need any additional information
or have further queries.

Yours sincerely

Executive Director of Nursing

  Executive Medical Director

cc.  

, CEO

, Associate Director of Nursing, Patient Safety and CNIO

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