Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2024

Russell Irvine

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2024-0393, written 22 Jul 2024. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report22 Jul 2024
Reference2024-0393
DeceasedRussell Irvine
CoronerSimon Connolly
Coroner areaDurham & Darlington
CategoryState Custody related deaths · Suicide (from 2015)
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

Regulation 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS

NOTE: This form is to be used after an inquest.

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT DEATHS

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:

1

1

CORONER

I am Simon CONNOLLY, Assistant Coroner for the coroner area of County Durham and
Darlington

2

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013.

3

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

On 10/11/2022 12:04an investigation was commenced into the death of Russell Ian IRVINE
22/07/1971 00:00:00. The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on
21/06/2024 14:36. The conclusion of the inquest was that Hanging - 7 November 2022 -
HMP Durham, cell E3-03, Old Elvet, Durham, DH1 3HU.

See Attached:

We believe on the balance of probabilities that Mr Irvine had the intentions and took his
own life on the evening of 7 November 2022 by hanging in his prison cell,

Mr Irvine also left a note in which he stated he was of sound mind.

Based on the evidence provided, the facts state that a number of policies and processes
were not actioned or put I place correctly.

It is evident that Mr Irvine had previously documented risk factors for suicide and self-
harm, however these factors were not identified by prison staff during the reception
screening process.

It is evident that not all of the actions taken by healthcare were in compliance with the
relevant policies.

It cannot be established on the evidence that these failings caused or contributed to Mr
Irvine's death..

4

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH

Hanging - 7 November 2022 - HMP Durham, cell E3-03, Old Elvet, Durham, DH1 3HU.

See Attached:

We believe on the balance of probabilities that Mr Irvine had the intentions and took his
own life on the evening of 7 November 2022 by hanging in his prison cell,

Regulation 28 – After Inquest
Document Template Updated 30/07/2021

 Mr Irvine also left a note in which he stated he was of sound mind.

Based on the evidence provided, the facts state that a number of policies and processes
were not actioned or put I place correctly.

It is evident that Mr Irvine had previously documented risk factors for suicide and self-
harm, however these factors were not identified by prison staff during the reception
screening process.

It is evident that not all of the actions taken by healthcare were in compliance with the
relevant policies.

It cannot be established on the evidence that these failings caused or contributed to Mr
Irvine's death.

5

CORONER’S CONCERNS

During the course of the investigation my inquiries revealed matters giving rise to concern.
In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths could occur unless action is taken. In the
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you.

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows:
(brief summary of matters of concern)

Russell Ian Irvine died three days after his entry into HMP Durham on 4 November 2022
following his licence recall into custody, about which he protested and told reception
healthcare staff that he had refused food and fluids for the previous two days. The evidence
demonstrated that this information was not escalated in accordance with established policy
which meant that Mr Irvine's food and fluid intake was not adequately or at all monitored
by prison wing staff.

As to food and fluid monitoring generally and notwithstanding the availability of internal
policies mandating necessary action in cases of known food and fluid refusal, evidence from
prison officers at inquest was to the effect that no formal policy existed to monitor and
identify whether a prisoner had collected their meal and so had necessary sustenance at
least available to them.

The absence of such policy was identified by the Prison and Probation Ombudsman during
its investigation as to the circumstances of Mr Irvine's death and this formed a
recommendation within the Ombudsman's report. HMP Durham's response to this
recommendation was the introduction of process and form to record instances when a
prisoner failed to collect their meal as a means of monitoring their intake.

Evidence from a prisoner Governor was to the effect that she was not aware that such a
process or form was in use at any other establishment within the nationwide secure estate,
enquiries having been made to substantiate this. The concern is that other such
establishments operate without the advantage of the safeguard now employed at HMP
Durham with the risk of future deaths occurring elsewhere evident.

6

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you (and/or
your organisation) have the power to take such action.

7

YOUR RESPONSE

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report,
namely by September 13, 2024. I, the coroner, may extend the period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out the

Regulation 28 – After Inquest
Document Template Updated 30/07/2021

 timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed.
COPIES and PUBLICATION

8

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested
Persons

I have also sent it to

HMP Durham

who may find it useful or of interest.

I am also under a duty to send a copy of your response to the Chief Coroner and all
interested persons who in my opinion should receive it.

I may also send a copy of your response to any person who I believe may find it useful or
of interest.

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary form.
He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful or of
interest.

You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response about the
release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner.

9

Dated: 22/07/2024

Simon CONNOLLY
Assistant Coroner for
County Durham and Darlington

Regulation 28 – After Inquest
Document Template Updated 30/07/2021

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Hmpps (PDF)
Director General of Operations 
HM Prison and Probation Service 
8th Floor Ministry of Justice 
102 Petty France 
London 
SW1H 9AJ 

Email:

20 September 2024 

Simon Connolly 
Assistant Coroner 
County Durham and Darlington 
Fourth Floor Civic Centre, North Terrace 
Crook 
County Durham 
DL15 9ES 

Dear Mr Connolly 

Thank you for your Regulation 28 report of 22 July, addressed to 
Chief Executive of HM Prison and Probation Service (HMPPS).  I am responding on behalf of 
HMPPS as Director General of Operations.  

, the Director General 

I know that you will share a copy of this response with Mr Irvine’s family, and I would first like to 
express my condolences for their loss.  Every death in custody is a tragedy and the safety of 
those in our care is my absolute priority.  

You have raised a concern that there is no formal policy to identify whether a prisoner has 
collected their meal and suggested that a process or form should be put in place as a means of 
monitoring food intake. 

As you know our policy (currently Prison Service Instruction 64/2011, shortly to be replaced with 
a new policy framework on prison safety in which this section remains unchanged) already notes 
the importance of identifying food and/or fluid refusals early, and explains that staff should 
monitor attendance at mealtimes and note when prisoners return meals uneaten.  It mandates 
that information about food and/or fluid refusals be recorded, shared and remain accessible to all 
relevant staff and requires prison staff to work closely with healthcare staff to manage those 
refusing food and/or fluids, pointing to the detailed clinical guidance document issued by the 
Department of Health and Social Care.  Food and/or fluid refusals are also reportable incidents in 
our incident management manual policy framework, and our national incident management unit 
frequently receives reports of such incidents from prisons across the estate. 

I understand your concern to ensure that this policy is translated into practical action, but in view 
of the range of catering and food service arrangements across the prison estate I do not believe 
that the introduction of a single process or form would be operationally viable.  I believe that a 
better way forward is to ask Governors to assure themselves that their local reporting processes 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 are operating effectively.  I will ensure all Governors are written to so that this case is brought to 
their attention and to ask them to remind staff of their role in early identification of food and/or 
fluid refusals and to satisfy themselves that there are systems in place for recording information 
and sharing it with healthcare providers. 

As always, we remain committed to prisoner safety as our key priority.  Thank you again for 
bringing this matter of concern to our attention.  I trust that this response provides assurance that 
action is being taken to address it. 

Yours sincerely, 

Director General of Operations

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