Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2024

John Codd

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2024-0415, written 29 Jul 2024. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report29 Jul 2024
Reference2024-0415
DeceasedJohn Codd
CoronerAndrew Cox
Coroner areaCornwall and the Isles of Scilly
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Organisation namedRoyal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

Information Classification: CONTROLLED 

NOTE: This form is to be used after an inquest. 

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

1. 

, Secretary of State for Health and Social Care 

1  CORONER 

I am Andrew Cox, the Senior Coroner for the coroner area of Cornwall 
and the Isles of Scilly. 

2  CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and 
Justice Act 2009 and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners 
(Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 
On 29/7/24, I concluded the inquest into the death of Colonel John 
Frederick Codd (Bill) who died on 16/1/24 at the age of 88. 

I recorded the cause of death as: 
1a) Massive rectus sheath haematoma and severe coronary artery 
atherosclerosis; 
II) Essential hypertension. 

I recorded a Narrative conclusion that Colonel Codd died from an 
Accident. There was a delay in the arrival of an ambulance and a further 
delay in admitting Colonel Codd from the ambulance into the Emergency 
Department. It is probable that an earlier admission into ED would have 
resulted in an earlier CT scan that would have revealed the haematoma 
that developed. It is possible that a blood transfusion could have been 
arranged that may have avoided the outcome. 

4  CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

On 16/1/24, Colonel Codd fell over while exiting a taxi that had collected 
him after an appointment with his GP. An ambulance was called at 12:31 
and the initial disposition was for a Category 3 response requiring 90% of 
attendances within 2 hours and an average of 60 minutes. The 
ambulance arrived at 14:49, left the scene at 15:46 and arrived at Royal 
Cornwall Hospital at 16:30. Although there was a delay in ambulance 
attendance, I felt this was relatively modest and unlikely to have been a 
contributory factor in the death. 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Information Classification: CONTROLLED 

National guidance requires a handover to hospital staff within 15 minutes. 
Unfortunately, the hospital was full and Colonel Codd remained in an 
ambulance outside the hospital until he was brought into a bed in the 
Majors 2 part of the ED at 21:11, approximately 4 hours and 40 minutes 
after arrival. At 22:10, Colonel Codd was found collapsed in cardiac 
arrest. He could not be resuscitated. 
At inquest, I heard from 
hospital. I accepted his evidence that had there been a timely admission; 

, one of the ED consultants at the 

-  An x-ray to confirm/exclude a hip fracture would have been 

conducted earlier; 

-  A CT scan ordered to elucidate the findings of the x-ray would then 

- 

- 

have been ordered earlier (the CT was not conducted); 
It was probable the CT scan would have revealed the haematoma 
from which Colonel Codd died; 
It was possible that a blood transfusion could have been organised 
that would have avoided the death. 

5  CORONER’S CONCERNS  

During the course of these inquests, the evidence has revealed matters 
giving rise to concern. In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will 
occur unless action is taken. In the circumstances it is my statutory duty 
to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows.   

1)   At the time of these events, (January 2024) monthly crowding 

analysis, that is the total amount of time patients spent waiting for 
beds or transport after a decision ‘ready to discharge’ from ED was 
made totalled 23,875 hours, the equivalent of closing 32 cubicles 
to ED for 24 hours/day for a whole month. 

2)  Last month, in June 2024, the situation had improved but still 
totalled 16,245 hours of lost time, the equivalent of closing 22 
cubicles for an entire month. 

 was clear in his evidence that significant pressures remained 

on the ED at Royal Cornwall Hospital which had the potential to affect 
future patient care. 

6  ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I 
believe you [AND/OR your organisation] have the power to take such 
action.  

It is not for a coroner to make recommendations and so I leave you to 
consider how best to help ease the pressures that continue to be felt in 
the ED at Royal Cornwall Hospital. 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Information Classification: CONTROLLED 

7  YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date 
of this report, namely by 26 September. I, the coroner, may extend the 
period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be 
taken, setting out the timetable for action. Otherwise, you must explain 
why no action is proposed. 

8  COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following 
Interested Persons: 

, daughter  

- 
- 
-  Royal Cornwall Hospital (via its solicitors) 

, granddaughter 

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your 
response.  

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted 
or summary form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who 
he believes may find it useful or of interest. You may make 
representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response, about 
the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9 

[DATE]                                              [SIGNED BY CORONER] 

  29/7/24                                          

3

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Dhsc (PDF)
Minister of State for Health (Secondary Care) 

39 Victoria Street 
London 
SW1H 0EU 

10 October 2024 

Our ref: 

HM Senior Coroner Andrew Cox 
Cornwall & Isles of Scilly Coroner’s Service, 
Pydar House, Pydar Street, 
Truro, Cornwall 
TR1 1XU 

By email: 

Dear Mr Cox, 

Thank you for the Regulation 28 report of 29 July 2024 sent to the Secretary of State for 
Health and Social Care about the death of Colonel John Frederick Codd. I am replying as 
the Minister with responsibility for urgent and emergency care.       

Firstly,  I  would  like  to  say  how  saddened  I  was  to  read  of  the  circumstances  of  Colonel 
Codd’s  death  and  I  offer  my  sincere  condolences  to  his  family  and  loved  ones.  The 
circumstances your report describes are concerning and I am grateful to you for bringing 
these  matters  to  my  attention.  Please  accept  my  sincere  apologies  for  the  delay  in 
responding to this matter. 

The report raises concerns of poor emergency department performance due to patient flow 
and discharge issues at Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust (RCHT). I do recognise the 
concerns raised with health and care delivery in the region, which align with representations 
from local members of parliament.  

In preparing this response, my officials have made enquiries with NHS England to ensure 
we adequately address your concerns.   

The RCHT is implementing urgent changes to improve patient flow and care through the 
emergency department. Priority actions include: 

•  Making space for a Clinical Decision Unit model, for patients who need more clinical 

care but don’t need to be admitted to hospital. 

•  Resetting the footprint occupied by Same Day Medical Assessment Unit (SDMA) and 

the Discharge Lounge. 

•  Converting  SDMA  to  a  Same  Day  Emergency  Care  (SDEC)  and  having  a  triage 

process to ensure only patients considered as same day go to the SDEC. 

•  Ensuring all medical discharges are completed by 19:00. 
• 
•  Making two bays on Acute Medical Unit (AMU) admissions bays. 

Identifying a space on the Royal Cornwall Hospital site for acute GPs to return to site. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 •  Supporting the move of acute medical resource from the emergency department to 

AMU with the intention of improving short stay performance on AMU. 
Intention to stop the use of Boarding, where patients are sent from an admitting area 
to a receiving ward prior to a bed being available. 

• 

Urgent  care  improvements  include  expanding  services  at  West  Cornwall  Hospital  and 
engaging stakeholders to improve community care alternatives. The trust is also learning 
from best practice in other hospitals across the country, and the Emergency Care Intensive 
Support Team are supporting the trust with bringing peer support with clinicians from other 
trusts to help increase the speed of delivery of their models.  

The  overall  urgent  care  position  in  the  region  is  supported  by  ongoing  system  actions, 
including a system clinical leaders event in August which focussed on clinically led plans to 
maximise  community  alternatives  and  update  models  to  improve  the  urgent  care  access 
standards  for  Cornwall.  The  Chief  Operating  Officer  at  RCHT  reports  weekly  on 
improvement actions being taken.  

At a national level, this government is committed to returning to the safe operational waiting 
time  standards  set  out  in  the  NHS  Constitution.  In  doing  so  we  will  be  honest  about  the 
challenges facing the health service and serious about tackling them. The Health Secretary 
ordered an independent investigation of NHS performance to provide an assessment of the 
issues and challenges it faces. This reported on 12th September 2024 and the investigation’s 
findings will feed into the government’s work on a 10-year plan to radically reform the NHS 
and build a health service that is fit for the future. 

In the short-term, a range of action is being taken by the NHS this year to improve  urgent 
and emergency care performance, including by maintaining capacity gains in acute hospital 
beds and ambulance hours on the road achieved in 2023-24, increasing the productivity of 
acute  and  non-acute  services  across  bedded  and  non-bedded  capacity,  and  directing 
patients to more appropriate services in the community where these can better meet their 
needs.  

Regarding the concern raised about discharge delays, this government will make sure that 
hospital departments are no longer blocked due to delayed discharges. By developing local 
partnership working between the NHS and social care, we will ensure we no longer have 
over 12,000 patients every day waiting to be discharged.  

I hope this response is helpful. Thank you for bringing these concerns to my attention.   

Yours sincerely,  

MINISTER OF STATE FOR HEALTH

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