Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2024

Patricia Curtis

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2024-0669, written 4 Dec 2024. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report4 Dec 2024
Reference2024-0669
DeceasedPatricia Curtis
CoronerElizabeth Gray
Coroner areaCambridgeshire and Peterborough
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Organisation namedRoyal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published2

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

Regulation 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS

NOTE: This form is to be used after an inquest.

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT DEATHS

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:

1 NHS England
2 Secretary of State for Health

1

CORONER

I am Elizabeth GRAY, Area Coroner for the coroner area of Cambridgeshire and
Peterborough

2

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013.

3

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

On 21 April 2021 I commenced an investigation into the death of Patricia CURTIS aged 80.
The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on 21 November 2024. The
conclusion of the inquest was that:
Patricia Curtis died as a result of a known, but extremely rare complication of necessary
post operative treatment

4

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH

Mrs Curtis underwent mitral valve repair, tricuspid valve repair, coronary artery by pass
grafting x 3 and atrial appendage exclusion on 17 March 2021 at Royal Papworth Hospital.
Her post operative recovery was lengthy and she was repatriated to Bedford Hospital on 1
April 2021. On 2 April 2023 following arrival at Bedford Hospital Mrs Curtis deteriorated
rapidly in the early hours of the morning. Post mortem examination determined that her
cause of death was a haemothorax which on the balance of probability had started to
develop gradually following a removal of her chest drain at Royal Papworth Hospital before
transfer to Bedford Hospital. Clinical signs of the haemothorax were first identifiable at
1am on 2 April 2021 when Mrs Curtis' medical assessment detected decreased air entry on
her left side following prior examination results which showed equal air entry.
Haemothorax did not form part of the differential diagnosis for Mrs Curtis at 1am on 2 April
2021 and she continued to be treated for her presenting complaints of fast atrial fibrillation,
low blood pressure and severe heart failure and possible myocardial ischaemia due to low
blood pressure. A chest X-ray was not considered to be necessary as Mrs Curtis was not
presenting with a primary lung cause and her respiratory system did not seem particularly
affected at that time. It is not possible to say whether a chest X-ray would have identified
a haemothorax. It was recognised by the treating clinicians that Mrs Curtis was very unwell
and it was determined that Mrs Curtis would be unlikely to survive Intensive Care Unit care.

5

CORONER’S CONCERNS

During the course of the investigation my inquiries revealed matters giving rise to concern.
In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths could occur unless action is taken. In the
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you.

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows:

Regulation 28 – After Inquest
Document Template Updated 30/07/2021

 Hospital Discharge notes are not uniform across Hospital Trusts. This carries the risk of
essential patient information not being available to treating clinicians when a patient is
received into a new clinical setting, leading to potential delay in providing life saving care
and treatment.

6

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you (and/or
your organisation) have the power to take such action.

7

YOUR RESPONSE

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report,
namely by 29 January 2025. I, the coroner, may extend the period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out the
timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed.
COPIES and PUBLICATION

8

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested
Persons

Family of Patricia Curtis
Bedford Hospital
Royal Papworth Hospital

who may find it useful or of interest.

I am also under a duty to send a copy of your response to the Chief Coroner and all
interested persons who in my opinion should receive it.

I may also send a copy of your response to any person who I believe may find it useful or
of interest.

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary form.
She may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful or of
interest.

You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response about the
release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner.

9

Dated: 04/12/2024

Elizabeth GRAY
Area Coroner for
Cambridgeshire and Peterborough

Regulation 28 – After Inquest
Document Template Updated 30/07/2021

Responses

2 responses published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Dhsc (PDF)
From 

Minister of State for Care   

39 Victoria Street   
London   
SW1H 0EU   

28 January 2025  

Our ref: 

HM Coroner Elizabeth Gray   
Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Coroner’s Office  
Lawrence Court,  
Princes Street,  
Huntingdon  
PE29 3PA 

By email: 

Dear Ms Gray,   

Thank you for the Regulation 28 report of 4 December 2024 sent to the Secretary of State / 
the Department of Health and Social Care about the death of Patricia Curtis. I am replying 
as the Minister with responsibility for hospital discharge.    

First, I would like to say how saddened I was to read of the circumstances of Patricia Curtis’s 
death, and I offer my sincere condolences to their family and loved ones. The circumstances 
your report describes are concerning and I am grateful to you for bringing these matters to 
my attention.  

The  report  raises  concerns  over  the  lack  of  uniformity  of  discharge  notes  across  hospital 
trusts and the consequential risk that when patients are transferred to another clinical setting, 
clinicians could be missing the essential patient information they need to provide timely care 
and treatment.   

As the Minister responsible for hospital discharge, I recognise the importance of ensuring 
people are discharged from hospital and transferred to another clinical setting in a safe way. 
Doing so will help to ensure that people are able to receive the life-saving investigations and 
treatment they need without delay.  

In preparing this response, my officials have made enquiries with NHS England to ensure 
we  adequately  address  your  concerns.  Individual  trusts  are  responsible  for  their  own 
discharge policies. I am therefore grateful to NHS England for advising that, since the report, 
they  have  engaged  with  Royal  Papworth  Hospital  NHS  Foundation  Trust.  I  welcome  the 
steps taken by the trust’s Discharge Planning Group around involvement of next of kin in 
patient  transfers.  I  look  forward  to  engaging  with  NHS  England  to  understand  how  this 
develops.   

While  individual  trusts  are  responsible  for  their  own  discharge  policies,  national  statutory 
hospital discharge guidance has been published (last updated January 2024) which details 
the  national  discharge  requirements  for  all  NHS  Trusts,  commissioning  bodies,  local 

  
   
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   
   
  
  
  
 authorities, and relevant sectors, such as care providers. The guidance sets out how local 
areas should plan and implement hospital discharge services in order to support safe and 
timely  discharge  for  all  individuals,  including  the  sharing  of  accurate  timely  information 
across organisational boundaries.  

I hope this response is helpful. Thank you for bringing these concerns to my attention.    

Yours sincerely,
Response from NHS England (PDF)
Ms Elizabeth Gray 
HM Area Coroner  
Cambridgeshire & Peterborough Coroner’s Service 
Lawrence Court 
Princes Street 
Huntingdon 
PE29 3PA  

National Medical Director  
NHS England  
Wellington House 
133-155 Waterloo Road  
London 
SE1 8UG 

22 January 2025  

Dear Coroner, 

Re: Regulation 28 Report to Prevent Future Deaths – Patricia Curtis who died on 
2 April 2021.  

Thank  you  for  your  Report  to  Prevent  Future  Deaths  (hereafter  “Report”)  dated  4 
December 2024 concerning the death of Patricia Curtis on 2 April 2021. In advance of 
responding to the specific concerns raised in your Report, I would like to express my 
deep  condolences  to  Patricia’s  family  and  loved  ones.  NHS  England  are  keen  to 
assure the family and the Coroner that the concerns raised about Patricia’s care have 
been listened to and reflected upon.   

Your Report raises the concern that hospital discharge notes are not uniform across 
hospital Trusts. This carries the risk of essential patient information not being available 
to treating clinicians when a patient is received into a new clinical setting, leading to a 
potential delay in providing life-saving care and treatment.  

Individual  Trusts  are  responsible  for  their  own  discharge  policies.  However,  the 
Hospital  Discharge  Service  guidance  and  operating  model,  published  by  the 
Department  of  Health and  Social  Care  (DHSC)  in  August  2020  and  last  updated  in 
January  2024,  details  the  national  discharge  requirements  for  all  NHS  Trusts, 
community interest companies, private care providers of acute care, community beds 
and community health services and social care staff in England. The guidance, which 
is  based  on  successful  discharge  to  assess  principles,  aims  to  ensure  that  all 
individuals are discharged from hospital in a safe, appropriate and timely way.  

A  set  of  role-based  hospital  discharge  actions  cards  are  also  available,  which 
summarise  the  responsibilities  for  key  roles  and  staff  members  within  the  hospital 
discharge process.  

NHS England has engaged with the Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust 
regarding your Report. We note that, in response to your concerns, their Discharge 
Planning Group have taken steps to improve their processes for ensuring that next of 
kin  are  updated  on  patient  transfers.  They  advise  that  there  were  no  concerns 
regarding the quality or format of their discharge summaries.  

I  would  also  like  to  provide  further  assurances  on  the  national  NHS  England  work 
taking  place around  the  Reports  to  Prevent Future  Deaths.  All  reports  received  are 

                                                                                                                       
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 discussed  by  the  Regulation  28  Working  Group,  comprising  Regional  Medical 
Directors,  and  other  clinical  and  quality  colleagues  from  across  the  regions.  This 
ensures  that  key  learnings  and  insights  around  events,  such  as  the  sad  death  of 
Patricia, are shared across the NHS at both a national and regional level and helps us 
to  pay  close  attention  to  any  emerging  trends  that  may  require  further  review  and 
action.   

Thank you for bringing these important patient safety issues to my attention and please 
do not hesitate to contact me should you need any further information.  

Yours sincerely,  

National Medical Director

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