Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2025

Carla James

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2025-0072, written 4 Feb 2025. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report4 Feb 2025
Reference2025-0072
DeceasedCarla James
CoronerJoanne Kearsley
Coroner areaManchester North
CategorySuicide (from 2015) · Product related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published2

The report

Text recovered by OCR from a scanned PDF. OCR is imperfect: check anything you rely on against the source PDF. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS (1)

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS
THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:

1. En, Minister for Employment Rights, Competition and
Markets, c/o Office for Product Safety and Standards.

2: Po Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural

Affairs

CORONER

| am Joanne Kearsley, Senior Coroner for the Coroner area of Manchester North

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS

| make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroner’s and Justice Act 2009 and
Regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST
On the 19" August 2024, | commenced an investigation into the death of Carla James.

Ms James died on the 18" August 2024 at her home address in Tottington, Bury. She was 50 years
of age. Her death was unexpected and at the scene there was some evidence to suggest she ma
have chosen to end her life. At the scene there was an indication she may have ingested

from the RE plant.

As a result a post mortem examination was directed together with toxicology testing. Unfortunately
the post mortem examination was limited due to post death changes. In December 2024 we received
notification that the toxicology samples submitted were insufficient for any testing to be carried out.

As a result | directed a forensic botanist to examine the || in order that the court had direct
evidence as to what the found in the property were.

This report was received this week. In light of this report and investigations which have taken place
over the last day | am writing this Regulation 28 Prevention of Future Death report before the Inquest
into the death of Carla James has been finalised.

CIRCUMSTANCES OF DEATH

nl address. Evidence on scene indicated she hac

A forensic botanist has examined the HB anc has _ confirmed the}
His is of the opinion they are from the however both are
highly toxic and ingestion of cna likely to result in death.

It has also been established that this product was purchased online from a local store selling home
interiors. They are widely labelled ae now appear to be available nationall
in interior homeware stores as a decorative home accessory. The deceased purchased a pack of

Enquiries have confirmed the store owners had no awareness as to the toxicity of this product and
have now removed it from their store. They bought the same from a wholesale] in Kent who
imported the same from the Netherlands.

CORONER’S CONCERNS

During the course of the investigation evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In my
opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the circumstances it is
my statutory duty to report to you.

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows:-

1. TEE 2:6 being imported and sold nationally with no warnings as to the fact
they are highly poisonous and toxic and can endanger life.

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and | believe each of you
respectively have the power to take such action.

YOUR RESPONSE

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, namely 7%
April 2025 |, the Coroner, may extend the period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out the timetable
for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed.

COPIES and PUBLICATION

| have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested Persons namely:-
The family of Ms James

| am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary from. He may
send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful or of interest. You may

make representations to me the coroner at the time of your response, about the release or the
publication of your response by the Chief Coroner.

Date: 7-2-2005 sonal foAISa4

Responses

2 responses published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (PDF)
Secretary of State Environment, Food & Rural Affairs 
Seacole Building 
2 Marsham Street 
London 
SW1P 4DF 

T:  +44 (0) 3459 335577 
E:  correspondence.section@defra.gov.uk 
W: gov.uk/defra 

     Your ref: 

 Our ref: 

4 March 2025 

Ms J Kearsley 
HM Senior Coroner 
Greater Manchester North 
HM Coroner's Court 
Floors 2 & 3 
Newgate House, Newgate 
Rochdale, OL16 1AT 

Dear Joanna, 

Thank you for your letter of 7 February regarding the death of Carla Louise James. I was 
very sorry to hear about this tragic incident. 

Defra  is  responsible  for  trade  in  regulated  plants  and  plant  material  including  seeds  for 
planting. This includes responsibility for the intellectual property rights of plant breeders, 
plant variety registration and setting standards for marketing and certification of seed for 
planting  and  other  regulated  plant  material.  However,  Defra  does  not  have  legislative 
powers to require health warnings, or similar, to be included when potentially hazardous 
plants and plant products are imported into GB. 

Given this, my officials have been in touch with  the Department for Business and Trade 
(DBT). We understand this issue is being examined by the Office for Product Safety and 
Standards and that they intend to write to you. It goes without saying that Defra will support 
the work of DBT in any way we can.  

Yours sincerely, 

A3
Response from Office for Product Safety and Standards (PDF)
Office for Product Safety and Standards 
Multistory 
18 The Priory Queensway 
Birmingham 
B4 6BS 

General enquiries: +44 (0)121 345 1201 

07 April 2025 

Joanne Kearsley 
Deputy Chief Coroner of England and 
Wales 
Senior Coroner, Manchester North 
HM Coroner’s Court 
Newgate House 

Dear Ms Kearsley, 

Regulation 28: Prevention of Future Deaths Report 

Carla James 

Thank you for sharing your Regulation 28 Report to Prevent Future Deaths, dated  7 
February 2025, following your investigation into the death of Ms Carla James, that you 
concluded  is  likely  to  have  been  caused  by  the  deliberate  ingestion  of  toxic 

. I am responding on behalf of the Department for Business and Trade, in my 

role as Chief Executive of the Office for Product Safety and Standards (OPSS). 

I was very sorry to hear of Ms James’s death. If you have the opportunity, please pass 
on my deepest sympathies to her family and friends.  

The  OPSS,  within  the  Department  for  Business  and  Trade,  is  the  UK’s  product 
regulator,  responsible  for  the  regulation  of  most  consumer  products,  while  the 
regulation of plants and seeds in relation to plant health and UK biosecurity is led by 
the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra).  

The UK’s product safety laws require that consumer products placed on the market 
must  be  safe.  In  most  cases,  primary  responsibility  for  ensuring  that  only  safe 
consumer  products  are  placed on  the  UK  market  lies  with  the  producer (which  can 
mean importer in certain circumstances). In addition, distributors of products must not 
supply products they know, or should know, are unsafe. 

I  understand  that  the  relevant  product  in  this case  was  a  package  of  natural,  dried 
,  from  a  species  of  tree  native  to  Southeast Asia  and Australasia. The 
product  purchased  by  Ms  James  was  sold  by  a  home  interiors  business,  as  a 
decorative home accessory.  

In the absence of any sector-specific safety regulations applying to the product, it may 
fall to be governed under the General Product Safety Regulations 2005 (GPSR). The 
GPSR are broad regulations designed to ensure the safety of consumer products sold, 
both  online  and  offline.  They  cover  manufactured  products,  that  are  intended  for 
consumers. In determining the safety of a product under the GPSR, regard is given to 
the  presentation  of  the  product,  including  its  labelling  and  any  warnings  and 
instructions  for  use.  If  the  product  is  within  scope  of  the  GPSR,  then  the  producer 

A4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Office for Product Safety and Standards 
Multistory 
18 The Priory Queensway 
Birmingham 
B4 6BS 

General enquiries: +44 (0)121 345 1201 

(which can include importers) or distributor of the product should have considered the 
risks  posed  and  determined  whether  a  warning  label,  or  other  actions,  would  have 
mitigated those risks. Unfortunately, OPSS does not have any evidence regarding the 
product’s packaging that would enable us to determine whether such warnings were 
present  in  this case.  I  am  aware  that  the  high-street  retailer  from  whom  Ms  James 
purchased the product has now stopped stocking the item.   

OPSS officials have discussed this case with counterparts in the Department of Health 
and Social Care’s (DHSC) suicide prevention team. DHSC has advised that ingestion 
of toxic plant products, including seeds, is a known method of suicide and they have 
previously sought advice from the Department’s Concerning Methods Working Group 
on  action  to  address  risks  from  plant-based  toxins.  This  group  works  to  raise 
awareness of, and prevent access to or misuse of, harmful substances.  

The  group  involves  representatives  from  the  voluntary,  community  and  social 
enterprise sector, the police, the NHS, and Government departments including DBT. 
It gathers intelligence about methods of suicide to assess whether certain causes are 
prevalent or may be a growing trend. It then develops and delivers targeted actions to 
reduce public awareness and access to emerging methods of suicides, engaging with 
relevant Government departments where they may be able to help achieve this. DHSC 
officials have advised that this case will be discussed at the group’s next meeting, and 
any actions shared with OPSS.  

I know that you have also written to the Defra Secretary of State. OPSS has met with 
Defra officials to discuss the regulatory position on plants which are toxic or contain 
toxic seeds. They have made OPSS aware of the UK Horticultural Trade Association’s 
Guide to Potentially Harmful Plants, the latest version being published in 2022. It sets 
out guidelines for the voluntary labelling of plants (including bulbs and seeds) to inform 
the  public  of  potentially  harmful  plants  at  the  point  of  purchase  and  prevent 
unintentional ingestion. The  species  in  this  case  is listed  as a  specialist  category  B 
plant, with the suggested labelling ‘Toxic if Eaten’. However, there are no specific legal 
requirements for plant labelling in relation to human safety. 

Going  forward,  OPSS  will  continue  to  engage  with  Defra,  DHSC  and  other 
stakeholders, so that we can assess whether this tragic case has wider implications 
for the regulation of this or similar products in future. 

Thank you again for writing to OPSS on this matter. I would be grateful if you could 
share a copy of this letter with colleagues who may find it useful.  

 Kind regards, 

A5 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 Office for Product Safety and Standards 
Multistory 
18 The Priory Queensway 
Birmingham 
B4 6BS 

General enquiries: +44 (0)121 345 1201 

Chief Executive 
OPSS 

A6

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