Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2025

Adrienne Studholme

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2025-0504, written 10 Oct 2025. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report10 Oct 2025
Reference2025-0504
DeceasedAdrienne Studholme
CoronerChristopher Long
Coroner areaLancashire and Blackburn with Darwen
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Organisation namedEast Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28:  REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS  

NOTE: This form is to be used after an inquest. 

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

1. 

 Executive Medical Director, East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust  

1 

CORONER 

I am Mr Christopher Long , senior coroner, for the coroner area of Lancashire and 
Blackburn with Darwen 

2 

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 
and Regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On 26 March 2024 I commenced an investigation into the death of Adrienne Caroline 
Studholme, age 62. The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on 8th and 9th 
October 2025.The conclusion of the inquest was  

Adrienne Caroline STUDHOLME died on 23 September 2023 at Royal Blackburn 
Hospital, Blackburn in Lancashire. Adrienne underwent an elective left nephrectomy on 
10 September 2023 complicated by abdominal wall haematoma requiring a further 
operation on 11 September 2023 before being discharged. She was readmitted on 20 
September 2023 at around 3.05 hours with epigastric pain and seizures. Diagnostic 
checks completed later that afternoon identified spontaneous splenic haemorrhage and 
rupture (a known complication of nephrectomy) which were operated upon at 18.30 
hours, after which she had a myocardial infarction. Despite treatment over the next three 
days, she did not recover. Her death was contributed to by a delay in diagnosing and 
treating the splenic rupture. 

The medical cause of death was found to be: 

1a Haemopericardium due to a ruptured acute myocardial infarction  
1b Occlusive coronary artery thrombus  
1c Coronary artery atheroma, splenic rupture and operation for renal cyst 

4 

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

Adrienne Caroline STUDHOLME died on 23 September 2023 at Royal Blackburn 
Hospital, Blackburn in Lancashire. Adrienne underwent an elective left nephrectomy on 
10 September 2023 complicated by abdominal wall haematoma requiring a further 
operation on 11 September 2023 before being discharged. She was readmitted on 20 
September 2023 at around 3.05 hours with epigastric pain and seizures. Diagnostic 
checks completed later that afternoon identified spontaneous splenic haemorrhage and 
rupture (a known complication of nephrectomy) which were operated upon at 18.30 
hours, after which she had a myocardial infarction. Despite treatment over the next three 
days, she did not recover. Her death was contributed to by a delay in diagnosing and 
treating the splenic rupture 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 

CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In 
my opinion there is a risk that future deaths could occur unless action is taken. In the 
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows.  –  

(1)  The fluid balance chart was found to be inaccurate. The evidence suggested 

that the accuracy of the chart relied on staff collecting and refilling empty water 
jugs and took no account of steps families may take to provide fluid 

(2)   Evidence was heard that seizure activity would not be taken into account in 

assessing a patient in the Emergency Department unless it was witnessed by a 
member of staff 

(3)  Evidence was heard that on readmission via the Emergency Department 

following recent surgery, there is no procedure requiring contact with the original 
treating department. In addition, there is no standard operating practice and no 
training ensuring that recent surgery is taken into account in a triage in the 
Emergency department.  

6 

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you and or 
your organisation have the power to take such action.  

7 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, 
namely by 8 December 2025. I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out 
the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8 

COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested 
Persons; Family of Adrienne Studholme  

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.  

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary 
form. She may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it 
useful or of interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of 
your response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief 
Coroner. 

9 

[DATE] 10 October 2025   

HM Senior Coroner 
Lancashire and Blackburn with Darwen 

2

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from East Lancashire NHS Trust (PDF)
Trust HQ 
Royal Blackburn Hospital 
Haslingden Road 
Blackburn 
BB2 3HH 

Nov 2025 

PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL 

Mr C Long, HM Coroner – via email 

Dear Mr Long, 

Re: REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS – A Studholme 

We acknowledge receipt of the Regulation 28 Prevention of Future Deaths report which was 
issued at the conclusion of the inquest touching the sad death of Adrienne Studholme on the 
8th and 9th October 2025.  

A senior, core group was coordinated to consider the Trust response to these concerns.  

MATTERS OF CONCERN 

(1)    The  fluid  balance  chart  was  found  to  be  inaccurate.  The  evidence  suggested  that  the 
accuracy  of  the  chart  relied  on  staff  collecting  and  refilling  empty  water  jugs  and  took  no 
account of steps families may take to provide fluid  

(2)   Evidence was heard that seizure activity would not be taken into account in assessing a 
patient in the Emergency Department unless it was witnessed by a member of staff  

(3)  Evidence was heard that on readmission via the Emergency Department following recent 
surgery,  there  is  no  procedure  requiring  contact  with  the  original  treating  department.  In 
addition, there is no standard operating practice and no training ensuring that recent surgery 
is taken into account in a triage in the Emergency department.   

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Fluid balance  

The Trust acknowledges that fluid monitoring is a recognised national challenge across the 
NHS. We are committed to addressing this issue locally and have implemented, and continue 
to  develop,  measures  aimed  at  improving  the  accuracy  and  consistency  of  fluid  balance 
monitoring within our services. 

The  Trust  has  an  existing  policy  in  place  (copy  attached)  which  outlines  the  expectation 
regarding which patients should be monitored on a fluid balance chart. This also describes 
audit and assurance processes for monitoring compliance. If gaps in compliance are identified, 
the policy sets out how actions to remedy this are implemented and monitored.  

We are currently undertaking a test of change focusing on a more targeted approach, moving 
from universal charting for every patient, to a risk-based system that prioritises the patients 
based on clinical need. In specific response to your concern, this new approach includes the 
engagement of patients and families in accurately recording fluid intake. This is supported by 
a trial leaflet and recording sheet which enables patients and families to write down what they 
drink (on their own or via family/friends), whilst they are on or off the clinical departments so 
these can be matched or added to the fluid balance chart within the patients’ records. 

Emergency department  

With respect to point 2, this concern appears to have arisen from a miscommunication of the 
evidence  provided  and  reflects  neither  current  nor  historic  practice  within  the  Emergency 
Department. Having contacted the consultant who was giving evidence, the point they were 
trying to convey was that a history of seizures would not warrant immediate escalation to a 
doctor  (either  from  triage  or  subsequently).  An  actively  seizing  patient  would  represent  a 
potential medical emergency, or - were it to occur in the department - a potential deterioration 
in a patient’s condition and that this therefore would be immediately escalated when reported 
from any source. 

The third area of concern is that there is currently no process for patient’s who present to the 
Emergency  Department  following  recent  surgery  to  be  seen  by  the  original  treating 
department.  This is not amenable to a simple procedure – a referral in the context of a problem 
unrelated  to  the  surgery,  where  the  surgical  team  may  not  have  expertise  related  to  that 
condition, would be both futile and add complexity. In this case the initial presentation did not 
indicate any link with the previous procedure during triage. 

It  is  accepted,  however,  that  where clinical  judgement  indicates  the  possibility  that  a direct 
surgical complication may have arisen, then urgent contact with the surgical team is essential. 
Clinicians from the ED have been reminded of the importance of this, and clinicians from the 
surgical teams of the importance of prompt response. Indeed, a revised version of our internal 
professional standards for response has been developed, and the Trust commits to monitor 
these once implemented. 

Future assurance monitoring 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The test of change regarding fluid balance and the professional standards implementation will 
continue to be monitored through internal assurance processes, with any escalations to the 
Quality Committee until all actions have been embedded as business as usual with monitoring 
processes in place. 

Please do not hesitate to contact me with any questions or concern regarding the content of 
this response; we are keen to work with the Coroner to demonstrate our ongoing commitment 
to delivering the safest care possible for our patients. 

Yours sincerely, 

Executive Medical Director 
East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 Appendix 1 – Systemic Review of Fluid Balance Monitoring 

Appendix 2 – Clinical Observation Policy  

e002260.full.pdfCP37 Clinical Observation Policy [Policies Trust Wide].pdf

Related reports

Other reports by Christopher Long

See all →

More reports categorised “Hospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths”

See all →

Track East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

See every Prevention of Future Deaths report matching East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust, and how often a new one appears.

What would an alert for this have sent me? Search the full text

Free to try — the preview shows the real matches and how many arrived in the last 12 months. Your first email alert is free.

These reports are published by the Chief Coroner's office at judiciary.uk and are © Crown copyright. The text here is reproduced from the published PDF so it can be searched. If something on this page is wrong, or you are a person named in it and want it reviewed, email drcjar@gmail.com and we will act promptly.