Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2015

David Efemena

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, written 8 Sep 2015. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report8 Sep 2015
DeceasedDavid Efemena
CoronerNadia Persaud
Coroner areaLondon (East)
CategoryService Personnel related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses publishednone published

The report

Text recovered by OCR from a scanned PDF. OCR is imperfect: check anything you rely on against the source PDF. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS
THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:
Mr Mark Lancaster TD MP, Minister for Defence Personnel and Veterans,

Private Office, Ministry of Defence, Main Building, Horse Guards Avenue,
Whitehall, London, SW1A 2HB

1 | CORONER

| am Nadia Persaud, Senior Coroner for the area of Eastern Area of Greater London

2 | CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS

| make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013.
http://www. legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2013/1629/part/7/made

3 | INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

On the 25" July 2014 | commenced an investigation into the death of David Oghenekaro
Dibie Efemena. The investigation concluded at the end of the Inquest on the 7"
September 2015. The conclusion of the Inquest was a narrative conclusion.

David Efemena was sleeping outside on a fieldcraft training exercise with the Air
Training Corps on the night of the 22"- 237 March 2014. At around 06:15 on the 23”
March, fellow cadets became concerned about David as he was shaking violently;
breathing sharp breaths and not responding to their attempts to rouse. Following a
period of the cadets observing David, the cadets experienced some difficulty in making
contact with adult staff who were located 1.9 kilometres away. After contact was made
staff attended at around 07:05. Resuscitation was commenced and was continued by
the emergency services. There was no response to resuscitation attempts and David
was pronounced deceased at the North Hampshire Hospital at 09:09 on the 23 March
2014. It is likely that David suffered a seizure from an unknown cause. This triggered
an irreversible cardiac arrest due to the presence of an anomalous origin of the right
coronary artery.

4 | CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH

As can be seen by the narrative conclusion, David attended a fieldcraft activity exercise
with the Air Training Corps between the 21° — 23 March 2014. During the course of
the early hours of the 23" March 2014, cadet colleagues became concerned for David
as he was shaking violently and taking sharp breaths. He was not responding to
attempts to rouse. Attempts to contact adult staff who were located 1.9 kilometres away,
took between 15 — 30 minutes. When adult staff arrived, they found David unresponsive
and not breathing. Resuscitation commenced but it was not possible to save David and
he was declared deceased in hospital at 09:09 on the same day.

During the course of the Inquest the following findings of fact were made:-

1. In determining the location of the cadets and the location of staff overnight, there
does not appear to have been a risk assessment, as required by ACP 16.

There was no proactive consideration of the proximity between the cadets and
adult staff when the decision was made for staff to stay in a location which was
a significant distance away from the cadets.

3. There was no proactive consideration of the means of communication by the
cadets with staff during the course of the night. Specifically, the radios were not
tested at an appropriate time and at the appropriate location, to ensure that
contact could be made with staff during the night in the event of an emergency.

4. There was no supervision of cadets between 22:00 hours on the 22™ March
2014 and 07:00 on the 23" March 2014.

5. There were insufficient numbers of staff to cadets for the exercise. This was in
breach of ACP 16.

CORONER’S CONCERNS

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In
my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you.

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows. —

i

The first aid equipment available at the training site did not include a defibrillator
(AED). The location of David at the time of his collapse was in the woodland
area of the training estate. The paramedics took 10 minutes to travel from the
ambulance station to the Bramley Training Estate. Upon arrival at the Training
Estate it took them 8 minutes to reach David.

This type of fieldcraft activity is likely to involve some level of physical activity
and some inherent risk, as a result of the terrain. Access by emergency

services is likely to be challenging, as was experienced in this case. The
consultant cardiologist who gave evidence at the inquest, a
confirmed that in general terms the sooner an AED is used in resuscitation is the
better prospect of a successful outcome. | note that the heart start training
includes an optional session on AED but that this is not offered to squadrons
within London. | would ask that this decision is reconsidered. The lack of an

AED and AED trained first aider at this type of cadet activity, poses a risk to
future cadets.

There were no communication checks between the adult staff and cadets when
the two groups settled for sleep. There was radio contact after nightfall on the
22"! March 2014 but staff were located very near to the cadets at this time.
There was no check to ensure that the communication was effective between
the two groups in their final resting positions. We now know that the radios
available to the cadets would not work at the distance where the staff were
based. The new policy in place dealing with communication checks- Air Cadet
Fieldcraft Training Instruction Number 7 -Improvised Camping in a Field
Environment, remains unclear in relation to communication checks.

Paragraph 12, dealing with emergency procedures, provides that “direct and
reliable communications are to be established between the cadets and
supervising staff and this is to be tested before nightfall’. A footnote states that
nightfall will vary according to the time of the year and prevailing weather
conditions.

The concern is that this particular direction was complied with in David
Efemena’s case. There was radio contact before nightfall. There was however
no effective communication between the cadets and the supervising staff during
the night. Instructors therefore should be directed to ensure that effective
communications exist between cadets and supervising staff before the 2 groups
retire at night. It is suggested that this should be explicit within the instruction.

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and | believe you have the
power to take such action.

YOUR RESPONSE

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report,
namely by the 5"" November 2015. |, the coroner, may extend the period.

Your response must contain details of action taken-or proposed to be taken, setting out
the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed.

COPIES and PUBLICATION

| have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the parents of David
Efemena.

| am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful
or of interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your
response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner.

nl
[DATE] 8"" September 2015 [SIGNED BY CORONER] NWN

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