Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2013

George Leonard Parkes

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2013-0252, written 4 Oct 2013. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report4 Oct 2013
Reference2013-0252
DeceasedGeorge Leonard Parkes
CoronerSarah Ormond-Walshe
Coroner areaBirmingham and Solihull
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Organisation namedUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses publishednone published

The report

Text recovered by OCR from a scanned PDF. OCR is imperfect: check anything you rely on against the source PDF. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS (1)

NOTE: This form is to be used after an inquest.

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:

1. ER Chief Executive, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS
Foundation Trust

1 | CORONER

| am Sarah Elaine Ormond-Walshe, Acting Senior Coroner for the coroner area of
Birmingham and Solihull.

2 | CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS

| make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013.

3 | INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

on4" January 2013 ! commenced an investigation into the death of George Leonard
Parkes, age 84. The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on 4" October
2013. The conclusion of the inquest was:

Medical cause of death
la, RUPTURED ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSM

Conclusion of the Assistant Coroner as to the death

Died during surgery being carried out for a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm.

4 | CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH

Please see attached.

CORONER’S CONCERNS

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In
my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you.

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows. —

| attach the summing up in relation to this case which essentially involves the situation
where a patient with an abdominal aortic aneurysm was “lost to follow up”. The
consequences were that it meant that his aneurysm became so big that it ruptured and
he died. Potentially, this was a preventable death as if he was eligible, he would have
been given the opportunity of having fenestrated endovascular repair which probably
would have meant he would not have died when he did. It has been suggested to me by
the witnesses that having a specialist nurse clinic (enabling open monitoring of patients
with abdominal aortic aneurysms) and dedicated procedure database/register, would
prevent this situation happening again. The guidance from the Chief Coroner is that in
writing these Reports, the Coroner does not make a very specific recommendation and |
do not in this case. | do, however, support the Consultant Vascular Surgeons at the
Queen Elizabeth Hospital (specifically nn in actions such as the
nurse clinic being set up, to prevent future loss of life, and any other measure(s) which
will prevent future “lost to follow-up” situations.

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and | believe you have the
power to take such action.

YOUR RESPONSE

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report,
namely by 29" November 2013. I, the Coroner, may extend the period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out
the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed.

COPIES and PUBLICATION

| have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested
Persons

Surgeon, Queen Elizabeth Hospital
HE Consultant Vascular Surgeon, Queen Elizabeth Hospital
The Family of Mr George Parkes

| am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful
or of interest. You may make representations to me, the Coroner, at the time of your
response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner.

[DATE] [SIGNED BY CORONER]
FO c-

CASE NUMBER: 0029/2013

IN MAJESTY’S CORONER’S COURT

JURISDICTION — BIRMINGHAM AND SOLIHULL

20" August 2013
and
4" October 2013

The Coroner's Court
50 Newton Street, Birmingham, B4 6NE

Inquest touching the death of

GEORGE LEONARD PARKES

Mr. Parkes died suffering a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Witnesses

| have heard from Dr J Singh a Surgical Registrar who was looking after
Mr Parkes on the day he came into the Queen Elizabeth Hospital on
2 January 2013 with a Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. | have heard
from Mr R K Vohra and Mr M Simms both Consultant Vascular Surgeons at
the Queen Elizabeth Hospital Mr Parkes having been under Mr Simms at all
material times and Mr Vohra being the Surgeon involved in the matters and
the surgery on 2 January 2013 when essentially the surgery had to be
abandoned part way through because it was clearly going to be futile and

would not save Mr Parkes’ life.

Chronology

For me, things start on or about the 2 June 2009 when it was picked up that
Mr Parkes had a 9cm Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. | have heard that it is
common place for people then to be assessed to see whether they are eligible
for Endovascular Repair rather than Open Repair. Clearly Mr Parkes did fit
that criteria because he underwent an Endovascular Repair of the Abdominal
Aortic Aneurysm on 9 June 2009 and this would have been carried out by a
qualified Technician and a stent was put in. | have heard, historically, in the
past, it was thought that patients would not necessarily need follow-up after a
couple of years. However, at all material times and in the current day the
medical research is that patients do require follow-up, | was told, in all the
evidence, that six months follow-up is the correct time, but in the Information
for patients and carers book called “Recovery from Endovascular Surgery for
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair’ this follow-up to be scanned at 6 weeks

then 6 months and then every year.

At about 6 weeks post repair, correctly, Mr Parkes underwent a CT Scan on
29 July 2009. This was routine and satisfactory. On 16 September 2009 he
was seen in clinic having been referred from his GP with a problem with
varicose veins and a left foot swelling. In that regard he was seen for the
aneurysm as well and had a CT Scan and the aneurysm was showing signs

of shrinkage.

On 20 January 2010 he was seen in Clinic for treatment of the varicose veins

and again had an ultrasound which showed shrinkage of the aneurysm.

On 26 February 2010 he had his varicose veins injected as a day case and
then in his follow-up, to do with his varicose veins, on 19 April 2010 in Clinic
again, he had an ultrasound and it did show the fact that the aneurysm had
shrunk. | have heard that it was common for the investigations to drop down
to an ultrasound from a CT Scan to avoid risk from the radiological point of
view at the time and that has remained the case since - the Ultrasound Scan

being a less invasive investigation involving some jelly on skin and a scanner.

It is from the 14 June 2010 where, after that clinic appointment to do with a
blockage in his knee, from the vascular point of view, he did have a duplex
scan but not of the aorta. Although he was seen by Mr Simms, who then
orderéd the Scan, after the scan he was then seen in the Clinic by a Junior
Doctor who popped his head round to Mr Simms in Mr Simms’ room to ask
him if it was OK to discharge Mr Parkes as the scan was OK. The answer

was yes. This was a failure. He should not have been discharged.

| have heard evidence, essentially through Mr Parkes’ son, that Mr Parkes
would not have been a gentleman to miss any appointments had they been
sent to him and indeed he did not miss any appointments that were offered to
him. We do know he was not followed up from the 14 June 2010 to 2 January
2013 in relation to this Aortic Aneurysm. | have heard the evidence that as

soon as a patient has the pain and feels faint it is very likely that the aneurysm

has ruptured and both Consultants agree with each other that
Mr Parkes’ aneurysm had ruptured before he had come into Hospital although
he did stay cardio vascularly stable, by the sound of it, throughout the time in

Accident and Emergency.

Mr Parkes after had a big haematoma when he came in which was a sign of

rupture too and he had periods of low blood pressure.

Mr Parkes had been recently out on his bicycle and he had been on a bus on
2 January 2013 and was an active gentleman. However, with the benefit of
hindsight the Family can see that there were times when he was distracted

and breathless particularly after climbing stairs for instance.

Timing of events on nd January 2013

Due to the fact that Mr Parkes’ Son was asking some questions about the
timing of things, | say the following: The timing of matters on that day appears
to be that Mr Parkes came into Casualty at 16.50 hours and his Notes were
written up by the Doctor at 17.17 hours and the induction of the anaesthetic
started at 21.34 hours. There is no record of the time that the CT Scan was
done between 17.17 and 21.34 and Mr Simms is not critical of there being any
delay or not suggesting there is any delay because Mr Parkes was stable.
However, my understanding of his evidence is that with a 12 cm aneurysm on
scan (and 13 to 14 cm aneurysm eyeballing the aneurysm in theatre) this is
phenomenally difficult to treat at this stage anyway. This was also an

aneurysm that was high up.

Mr Parkes had collapsed at his Brother's home and the Family's evidence is
that the CT Scan was not done until about 20.30 hours and that their
understanding was there was some discussion about whether his blood
pressure lying and standing was different and Mr Parkes in general was well

the day before he came into hospital on 2 January 2013.

Causation

| have asked the Consultants separately about causation in relation to the
“lost to follow-up” issue. Mr Vohra’s evidence is that with an open repair there
would have been a 70% mortality but at the time there was available,
(although not at the Queen Elizabeth, at Heartlands, for instance), a
procedure called a fenestrated endovascular repair (which has been available
for the last 7 to 8 years in Specialist Centres) would have been discussed with
Mr Parkes, and whether he wished to undergo that, and if so he would have
been referred probably to Heartlands Hospital. The eligibility criteria for
having Endovascular Repair used to be that 40% got through and now it is
almost 75%. The literature says normally there would be a 1 to 2% mortality
with it but Mr Vohra’s evidence is that Mr Parkes’ mortality would be 10%. |
am, however, adopting some of Mr Simms’ evidence therein to Mr Vohra’s
evidence as Mr Simms has explained a little bit more about the fact that the
Queen Elizabeth refer patients for that specialist procedure. Mr Simms would
put Mr Parkes as having a higher mortality than 10% - he would have said

getting towards 20%.

A plan would be, after the CT Scan to have regular ultrasounds done with a
lateral plain abdominal x-ray (the lateral plain abdominal x-ray to see if the

stent had moved down).

From the causation point of view, had Mr. Parkes not been discharged, he
would on the balance of probabilities, if eligible (and | find on the balance of
probabilities, he would have been eligible), and accepted fenestrated

endovascular repair, he would not have died on 2™ January 2013.

At the time that there was this period where Mr Parkes was “lost to follow up”,
the Trust was going through a transitional phase of partly transferring into a
paperless system. This started in about 2009. | am told today that it is
paperless and that it is easier for Doctors to read the history of patients in the

new computerised system.

Miss Sarah Ormond-Walshe
Acting Senior Coroner
Birmingham & Solihull Districts

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