Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2013

Joanne Manning

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2013-0289, written 1 Nov 2013. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report1 Nov 2013
Reference2013-0289
DeceasedJoanne Manning
CoronerNadia Persuad
Coroner areaLondon
CategoryCommunity health care and emergency services related deaths
Organisation namedNorth East London NHS Foundation Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses publishednone published

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28:  REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS  

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

1. 

2. 

 Chief Executive, The Practice, Rose House, Bell Lane 
Office Village, Bell Lane, Little Chalfont, Amersham, Bucks, HP6 6FA  

Legal Counsel and Company Secretary, The Practice, 

Rose House, Bell Lane Office Village, Bell Lane, Little Chalfont, 
Amersham, Bucks, HP6 6FA 

1 

CORONER 

I am Nadia Persaud, assistant coroner, for the coroner area of East London 

2 

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 
[HYPERLINKS] 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On 1 November 2013 I resumed and concluded an inquest into the death of Joanne 
Manning (date of birth 29 April 1964 – aged 49). The investigation concluded at the end 
of the inquest on 1 November 2013. The conclusion of the inquest was that Joanne 
Manning had a history of poly-substance abuse, for which she received a prescription of 
methadone.  In the months leading up to her death she began to experience increasing 
breathlessness and a diagnosis of asthma was confirmed.  Her methadone was 
continued at a relatively low dose of 25mg/ml daily.  The combination of her underlying 
respiratory disease and the effects of the use of methadone and mirtazapine and the 
presence of cocaine and morphine, caused her to suffer respiratory failure, from which 
she died.    

4 

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

(1)  Joanne Manning had suffered from poly-substance abuse for many years and 
had received methadone treatment for many years.  She had, in the past, 
received doses of up to 80mg/mls.  Her final dose was reduced to 25mg/ml as 
the prescribing psychiatrist was aware, from the patient, that she was suffering 
from asthma.    

(2)  If Ms Manning was non compliant with methadone, she would relapse to using 

drugs of abuse.  The methadone therefore had to be continued. 

(3)  In May 2012 she began to suffer from breathlessness and was seen by general 

practitioners at The Practice in Loxford.   

(4)  A diagnosis of asthma was made in September 2012 by her general practitioner 
and Ms Manning was commenced on clenil modulite and salbutamol inhalers. 

(5)  On 15 August 2012 Ms Manning presented with depression to the general 

practitioner and was prescribed mirtazapine.   

(6)  Methadone was being prescribed by the psychiatric team and the general 

practice were aware of this by clinic letters. 

(7)  Despite being aware of the patient receiving methadone, there was no evidence 
that the general practitioners had taken the methadone into account when 
treating the patient, or provided any advice to the patient in relation to the risks 

1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (8)  On the 29 August 2012 the psychiatrist prescribing the methadone requested 

information from the general practitioner as to any further medication/treatment 
that the patient was receiving. 

(9)  Despite the general practitioner considering that it was for the psychiatrist to 

consider the risks of methadone in a patient suffering from asthma and to advise 
the patient of the risks, there was no response to the psychiatrist’s request for 
further information.  The general practice did not confirm the diagnosis of 
asthma or the treatment with mirtazapine.  The psychiatrist could not therefore 
make a fully informed assessment.    

(10) Ms Manning died as a result of respiratory failure.  On the balance of 
probabilities, the respiratory failure was caused by the combination of 
methadone, mirtazapine and the presence of cocaine and morphine.      

5 

CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In 
my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the 
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows.  –  

(1) Methadone is to be used with caution in a patient suffering from asthma.  In order for 
the prescriber of methadone to exercise all due caution, they would have to be fully 
informed of the patient’s diagnosis and treatment by other healthcare professionals 
involved in the patient’s care.    
(2) Evidence was heard that methadone should be used with caution in a patient who is 
also receiving mirtazapine.   
(3) The psychiatrist prescribing the methadone requested further information about the 
patient’s medication and treatment from The Practice, Loxford.  The letter from the 
psychiatrist was in the general practice file.  It was not however responded to. 
(4) The general practitioner who gave evidence at the Inquest agreed that the 
psychiatrist should have been fully informed, but she felt that the patient could tell the 
psychiatrist about her diagnosis and treatment.  
(4) The general practitioner was unable to comment on whether it would be appropriate 
for a patient who often attended appointments intoxicated, to inform the psychiatrist of 
key clinical information.  It is my view that this would not be appropriate. 
(5)  Evidence was given at the Inquest that there was no procedure or policy in place to 
ensure clear lines of communication between general practitioners to secondary care 
providers of methadone.  It was agreed by the general practitioner and psychiatrist that 
such a policy/procedure would be desirable to protect patients in the future.      

6 

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you, The 
Practice PLC, have the power to take such action.  

7 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, 
namely by 6 January 2014. I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out 
the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8 

COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested 

2

 
 
 
 
          
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Persons -

North East London NHS Foundation Trust. I have also sent it to the 

Redbridge Clinical Commissioning Group who may find it useful or of interest.  They 
may wish to disseminate the learning to wider practices.    

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.  

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary 
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful 
or of interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your 
response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9 

[DATE]                                              [SIGNED BY CORONER] 

3

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