Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2014

Lexi Branson

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2014-0428, written 2 Oct 2014. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report2 Oct 2014
Reference2014-0428
DeceasedLexi Branson
CoronerTrevor Kirkland
Coroner areaRutland & North Leicestershire
CategoryOther related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published2

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28:   
REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS  

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

1.  Ministry of Justice 
2.  Defra 
3.  Leicester City Council 
4.  Leicestershire Local Safeguarding Board 

1  CORONER 

I am T H Kirkman, Senior Coroner for the coroner area of Rutland & 
North Leicestershire 

2  CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and 
Justice Act 2009 and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners 
(Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On 6th November 2013, I commenced an investigation into the death of 
Lexi Lavana Branson born on 21st January 2009 . The investigation 
concluded at the end of the inquest on 9th September 2014.  The 
conclusion of the inquest was that the medical cause of death was facial 
injuries and external airway obstruction and a narrative conclusion  was 
reached that Lexi died as a result of injuries received in an attack upon 
her by a dog within her home. 

4  CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

Lexi Branson aged 4¾ years at the date of her death was in the living 
room in the flat where she lived with her mother.  The dog, described as a 
type of bulldog breed, named Mulan, suddenly attacked Lexi and by the 
physical presence of the dog’s mouth over the face of the child caused 
extensive injuries to the neck and face and prevented breathing. 

5  CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the inquest the evidence, whilst showing that the 
dog in question was not a type which is prohibited under the Dangerous 
Dogs Act, 1991, nevertheless,  revealed matters giving rise to concern. In 

1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is 
taken. In the circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows.  –  

I heard evidence that Leicester City Council had a statutory responsibility 
for collecting stray dogs within its area.  A dog named Mulan had been so 
collected and taken to Willow Tree Kennels in Barrow upon Soar, 
Leicestershire. The dog had not been reclaimed during the following 
week and therefore became the property of the Kennels which thereafter 
was able to sell the dog.  The mother of Lexi Branson was looking to 
acquire a dog.  She saw the dog in question advertised by the Kennels  
upon social media.  She visited the Kennels along with Lexi and in the 
company of an employee of the Kennels was with the dog for some 10 to 
15 minutes.  She was told that the decision whether to have the dog was 
left to her.  She went away but made contact a couple of days later on 8th 
October 2013 to say that she would like to have the dog. The Applicant 
for the dog had said she lived, with her 4-year old daughter, in a flat 
which had a shared garden.  No detailed assessment was carried out as 
to the suitability of the applicant for the dog in question when taking into 
account her home and family circumstances nor was any home visit 
made by the Kennels to assess the home environment.   

The following concerns became clear as a result of the evidence which I 
heard: 

(1) There are no national or local standards by which any policy for the 
re-homing of stray dogs is to be judged; 
(2) There are no national or local standards for the assessment of the 
suitability of stray dogs for re-homing and, at present,  no requirement for 
any objectively-assessed qualifications which are required to be obtained 
by those making any  assessments; 
(3) There are no national or local standards for assessing the suitability 
and home circumstances of potential applicants  applying to re-home a 
dog. 
(4) There is no independent verification of  the policies which kennels 
may have for the re-homing of dogs nor of their  implementation.  

6  ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I 
believe your organisation have the power to take such action.  

7  YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date 
of this report, namely by 26th November 2014. I, the coroner, may extend 
the period. 

2

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be 
taken, setting out the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain 
why no action is proposed. 

8  COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following 
Interested Persons namely Lexi’s immediate next of kin and to the 
Leicester Safeguarding Children Board because the deceased was under 
18 years of age. 

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your 
response.  

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted 
or summary form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who 
he believes may find it useful or of interest. You may make 
representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response, about 
the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9 

2nd October 2014                                                     T H Kirkman 

3

Responses

2 responses published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Department for Enviroment Food and Rural Affairs (PDF)
Animal Welfare Team 
Area 5D, 17 Smith Square 
London, SW1P 3JR 

Date: 11 November 2014 

Mr T H Kirkman, MA 
Senior Coroner for Rutland & N Leics 
Loughborough Coroner’s Office 
Charnwood Borough Council Offices 
Southfield Road 
Loughborough 
Leics  LE11 2TR 

Dear Mr Kirkman, 

Thank you for your letter of 3 October about the inquest into the death of Lexi Branson. 

We take the issue of dangerous dogs very seriously and were saddened to hear of the 
death of Lexi.  The Government has been taking steps to improve responsible ownership 
of dogs, including increasing the maximum penalties for allowing a dog to be dangerously 
out of control and extending the scope of the offence of allowing a dog to be dangerously 
out of control to all places.  We have also introduced early intervention measures through 
the new anti-social behaviour toolkit that will enable local authority officers or the police to 
issue warning notices to owners, where such behaviour involves a dog. 

We realise that these new measures do not fall within the scope of your suggestions to 
which we have given serious consideration.  We understand that re-homing centres need 
to be aware of any behaviour problems in their dogs.  Thousands of dogs are rehomed 
every year and the vast majority cause no problems for their new owners.  Most rehoming 
centres are responsible and will identify any dogs where the behaviour is a cause for 
concern or where the owner’s personal circumstances may not suit the dog in question.  
The problem with trying to apply standards in relation to testing a dog’s behaviour is that it 
is by no means an exact science.  A dog might pass a behaviour test but it would not 
necessarily be a guarantee that the dog’s behaviour will not be a cause for concern once it 
is in new surroundings and with a new owner.  As I mentioned, most dog re-homing 
centres take appropriate steps, along the lines you have proposed, to try and prevent such 
incidents occurring. 

The Government is determined to reduce dog attacks and appreciates the comments and 
suggestions you have made.  What would be useful at this stage is for the department to 
explore with larger recognised dog rehoming organisations such as Dogs Trust, RSPCA, 
Blue Cross and Battersea Dogs & Cats Home to see whether they would be willing to 
share their rehoming checks with other smaller rehoming centres.    

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 We will therefore write to the main dog rehoming centres (explaining the recommendations 
you have made) and explore ways in which best practice in dog rehoming checks can be 
disseminated to others involved in this activity. 

Yours sincerely 

Head of Animal Welfare
Response from Leicester City Council (PDF)
Date: 

20 November 2014 

Leicester 
City Council 

Mr T H Kirkman 
Senior Coroner for Rutland & North Leicestershire 
Loughborough Coroner's Office 
Charnwood Borough Council Offices 
Southfield Road 
Loughborough 
Leicestershire 
LE11  2TR 

Dear Mr Kirkman 

Inquest into the Death of Lexi Branson 

Thank you for  sending  a  copy of your  report following  the  inquest  into  the  death  of Lexi 
Branson. 

Firstly  on  behalf of the  City  Council  can  we  extend  the  condolences  you  passed  on  to 
Lexi's family at the inquest. 

You  will  appreciate  that  before 
amount of effort was given to any possibility in which future deaths might be prevented. 

  evidence  at  the  hearing  a  considerable 

You  will  recall  that  Leicester City Council's only obligation  under law is to  look after dogs 
for the first 7 days of being found  as a stray.  You will  recall that a private kennel,  Willow 
Tree of Loughborough, looked after Mulan in order to allow the Council's obligations in law 
to  be met by an external third party contractor.  One option which was covered in evidence 
was simply for dogs to be euthanised on day 8. 

The  four  issues  you  have  raised  are  potentially  wider  than  matters  within  the  remit  of 
Leicester City Council and  accordingly in the absence of national standards it is difficult to 
understand  how Leicester  City  Council  could  contribute.  Even  if any  national  standards 
were drafted, we can see no way in which any of the usually charitable small organisations 
could  be  compelled  to  agree  to  those  standards  if  issued  as  guidance  only.  The  very 
disparate and varied nature of the sort of bodies which provide that service across the UK, 
even  aside from  legal  obligations,  possibly explains why each different organisation  may 
adopt its own  individual  rehoming  standards.  In  part this also covers the fourth  "concern" 
you have raised  in your report. 

We  can  assure  you  that  as  part  of our  investigation  into  the  preparation  of this  case, 
various  enquiries were made  both  of a number of different bodies with  similar duties,  and 
other organisations  such  as  Dogs Trust,  Birmingham  Dog  Homes  and  the  RSPCA.  We 
can confirm  each  body approached had  some  similarities but also some differences in the 
systems used. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 All  of the  evidence we  heard  at the  inquest would  have  led  anyone to  think that  Mulan's 
behaviour was  passive.  It  is  perhaps  self-evident  but worth  reiterating  that the  previous 
incident  and  the  risk that Mulan's  owner perceived  after it attacked  another dog  had  not 
been mentioned when he called us and told the warden (wrongly) that the dog was a stray. 
Prior  details  about  its  history,  breed,  temperament,  reason  for  being  released  and  any 
potential  for a  repeat of that  incident might  have  been  helpful  to  anyone  involved  in  the 
rehoming process. Without that information, the assessment of the dog can only be  based 
on  how it behaved after it was collected. 

In those circumstances, while of course we  understand  your concerns, the Council  in fact 
has  arguably  little  or  no  power  in  order  to  prevent  such  future  deaths  and  can  only 
continue to do its best to ensure that any learning from this tragic case has been conveyed 
to the current kennel provider acting on  its behalf. 

We  do  trust  that  this  is  of  assistance  to  your  enquiries  but  if we  can  be  of any  more 
assistance at all on this;  please do not hesitate to contact me. 

Yours sincerely 

Chief Operating Officer 

LEICESTER  CITY  COUNCIL 
City Hall, 115 Charles Street, Leicester,  LEl l FZ 
www.leicester.g ov .uk

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