Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2015

Efan James

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2015-0158, written 23 Apr 2015. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report23 Apr 2015
Reference2015-0158
DeceasedEfan James
CoronerJonathan Layton
Coroner areaCarmarthenshire & Pembrokeshire
CategoryChild Death (from 2015)
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28:  REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS  

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

1.  Chief Medical Officer Welsh Assembly Government Cathays Park Cardiff 

CF10 3NQ 

1 

CORONER 

I am Jonathan Mark Layton senior coroner, for the coroner area of Carmarthenshire and 
Pembrokeshire. 

2 

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On 12th October 2014 I commenced an investigation into the death of Efan Robert 
James then aged 7 weeks. The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on 
23rd April 2015. The conclusion of the inquest was an open conclusion.   

4 

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

(1)  Efan Robert James was placed into a bed his mother was sharing with a friend.  
Some hours later he was found to be unresponsive.  He was administered CPR.  
He was taken to hospital where life was pronounced extinct. 

(2)  A post-mortem examination was undertaken and the cause of death was given 

as sudden unexplained death in infancy whilst bed-sharing. 

5 

CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed this matter giving rise to concern. 
In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the 
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN is as follows: 

That the advice given by Welsh Assembly Government in the publication “Reduce the 
risk of cot death” is confusing.  It suggests that parents should not share a bed with their 
baby if they “feel very tired”.  Parents of young children will frequently feel tired and 
gauging whether they are “very tired” is an unrealistic test. 

6 

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you have the 
power to take such action.  

1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, 
namely by the 18th June 2015. I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out 
the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8 

COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested 
Persons: 

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.  

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary 
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful 
or of interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your 
response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9 

23 April 2015                                             Signed: J M Layton 

2

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Welsh Government (PDF)
Dr Ruth Hussey OBE 
Prif Swyddog Meddygol/Cyfarwyddwr Meddygol, GIG Cymru 
Chief Medical Officer/Medical Director NHS Wales 

Jonathan Mark Layton   
Coroners Office 
Town Hall 
Hamilton Terrace 
Milford Haven 
SA73 3JW 

18th June 2015 

Dear Mr Layton 

Re: Regulation 28: Report to Prevent Future Deaths issued on 23rd April 2015 
in relation to the death of Efan Robert James. 

I write in response to your Regulation 28 letter issued on 23rd April 2015 in relation to the death 
of Efan Robert James on 12th October 2014. You were concerned about the content of the 2014 
Welsh Government guidance leaflet given to parents to reduce the risk of sudden unexpected 
death in infancy (SUDI).  

The Wales Child Death Review published a report on sudden unexpected infant death in 
January 2015 (available at http://www.wales.nhs.uk/sitesplus/888/opendoc/256680). The 
report emphasised that these sad events of infant death are a complex problem with many 
possible factors. The review concluded that the advice leaflet provided by Welsh Government 
was based on the best possible current evidence about minimising risk in the baby’s 
environment, and reducing factors contributing to risk. The report emphasised that even when 
all the advice is adhered to, sadly there are still some unexplained infant deaths. 

This Welsh Government leaflet emphasises the importance of safe sleeping for babies, and 
gives overall advice about keeping a smoke free environment, placing the baby to sleep on their 
back, on a safe sleeping surface, and avoiding co-sleeping if under the influence of alcohol or 
drugs, or when there is a risk of overlaying through parental fatigue. The Welsh Government 
advice to parents is consistent with the latest NICE guidance. There is no blanket 
recommendation to avoid co-sleeping, as this can interfere with breastfeeding, which is of 
course beneficial to the baby and mother. The leaflet clearly identifies when co-sleeping is 
inadvisable because of the increased risks of sudden unexpected infant death. The Welsh 
Government guidance leaflet should be used and read as a whole. 

Parc Cathays, Caerdydd CF10 3NQ Cathays Park, Cardiff CF10 3NQ 

Ffon/Tel:  029 2082 3911   

Ebost/Email:ruth.hussey@wales.gsi.gov.uk                        

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                                                     
 
 
 Following your Regulation 28 letter I asked the Wales Child Death Review team to review the 
Welsh Government leaflet in light of your comments. They have concluded that the leaflet 
should continue to be used, and they did not recommend any changes to it. They have 
reiterated the importance of disseminating the advice mentioned above about how to reduce 
the risk of sudden unexpected infant death through safe sleeping practices and maintaining a 
smoke free environment. This message continues to be disseminated by primary care health 
professionals across Wales. Welsh Government is continuing to explore effective ways of 
supporting parents to protect their babies from sudden unexpected infant death.  

I have also discussed the matter with other CMOs in the UK and clarified the situation with 
regard to NICE guidelines.  My understanding is they have no plans to revise the guidance as 
there is no new evidence available.   

Please do not hesitate to contact me if you require any further information. 

Yours sincerely 

DR RUTH HUSSEY OBE 
CHIEF MEDICAL OFFICER / MEDICAL DIRECTOR NHS WALES

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