Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2016

Kathryn Bull

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2016-0188, written 27 Apr 2016. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report27 Apr 2016
Reference2016-0188
DeceasedKathryn Bull
CoronerHenrietta Hill
Coroner areaLondon Greater Inner South
CategoryOther related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses publishednone published

The report

Text recovered by OCR from a scanned PDF. OCR is imperfect: check anything you rely on against the source PDF. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS
THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:

The British Obesity and Metabolic Surgery Society

CORONER

| am HENRIETTA HILL QC, Assistant Coroner, for the coroner area of Inner South
District of Greater London.

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS

| make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (investigations) Regulations 2013.

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

KATHRYN BULL, then aged 61 years, died on 4 December 2014. An investigation into
her death, and then an inquest was opened. The inquest into Mrs Bull's death was
resumed, and concluded, by myself on 27 April 2016.

The medical cause of Mrs Bulls death was:
4.a Multi-organ failure;

1.b Hyperammonaemia syndrome;

1.c Morbid obesity and gastric bypass surgery.

The conclusion as to the cause of death was a narrative one to the effect that Mrs Bull
died as a resuit of an extremely rare complication of gastric bypass surgery.

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH

The circumstances of the death are as follows:

(1) Mrs Bull was morbidly obese. On medical advice she had had a gastric bypass
operation on 19 January 2014.

(2) Her immediate post-operative recovery was good and she began a liquid diet.

(3) However she gradually found it hard to tolerate the solid food diet that she was
advised to follow and often only felt able to eat 2 meals a day not 3.

(4) She complained of dizziness, lethargy, vomiting and ‘blacking out’. These are
all unremarkabie symptoms of gastric bypass surgery and so did not trigger any
concerns in the team monitoring her follow up from the surgery.

(5) By October 2014 she was rarely leaving the house.

(6) On 19 November 2014 she feil at home and was admitted to Lewisham and
Greenwich Hospital.

(7) The hospital staff were unsure of the cause of her illness but suspected some
form of endocrine collapse or failure secondary to prolonged mainutrition and
deficiency in trace elements.

(8) Her conscious state fluctuated.

(9) By 26 November 2014 her ammonia level had risen to 226 mol/L (where a
level of 112 umol/L could lead to a deranged cerebral state).

(10)She became less conscious and required intubation.

(11)She deteroriated further and suffered a cardiac arrest on 4 December 2014,
from which she could not be resuscitated. She was pronounced dead at 3.30
pm that day.

CORONER'S CONCERNS

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In
my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you.

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are that:

(1) | accepted the evidence from iE and

to the effect that the medical cause of Mrs Bull’s death was multi-organ failure,
caused by hyperammonaemia syndrome, which on the balance of probabilities
had been caused_her morbid obsesity and gastric bypass surgery.

The pathologists ENN the gastric bypass consultant who performed
the surgery on Mrs Bull) and [(the consultant intensivist who
treated her in hospital) confirmed that hyperammonaemia syndrome has been
identified as an adverse consequence of gastric bypass surgery.

However this is extremely rare: there appear to have been only 25 or so
reported cases worldwide’. Very little appears to be known about the condition
and so the symptoms are not well understood.

(2

GB

ee)

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and | believe your
organisation has the power to take such action.

YOUR RESPONSE

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report,
namely by 11 July 2016. |, the Coroner, may extend the period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out
the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed.

COPIES and PUBLICATION

| have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested
Person, namely the family of Mrs Bull.

lam also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful
or of interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your
response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner.

.

r
\
Signed ...Henrietta Hill QC. 24.< 4 f Oy é
Assistant Coroner

‘ See, for example, the cases reported in Fenves et al, Fatal Hyperammonaemic
Encephalopathy after Gastric Bypass Surgery in The American Journal of Medicine, Volume
121, No. 1, January 2008 and Fenves et al, Hyperammonaemic Syndrome after Roux-En-Y
Gastric Bypass in Obesity, Volume 23, No. 4, April 2015

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